• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.168-175
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• 2008

The method of reinforced earth walls has grown remarkably and the frequency of utilization has been increased on a national scale thereafter introduced in the middle 1980s in Korea. Furthermore the construction case of the extensive Geosynthetic-Reinforced Segmental Retaining Walls had been increased. Currently, the design criterion of FHWA and NCMA mainly used in Korea suggest determining the horizontal distance of the upper/lower retaining wall based on the study results of the internal stability and the external stability of Segmental Retaining Walls but in many cases are not suitable for the actual situation in Korea. Therefore, in this study reviewed the design criterion of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Segmental Retaining Walls, performed the internal and external stability in Paju, Gyeonggi-do based on the design criterion of FHWA and NCMA, suggested the modified design criterion of FHWA with analyzing the results, and performed the stability analysis for the internal and external stability and the compound failure. Moreover for the confirmation of the modified FHWA design standard, the suggestion and the analysis of the numerical analysis approaching method using shear strength reduction technique were performed and the design cases utilized the modified FHWA design standard based on the study analysis were introduced.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.513-518
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• 2021

The incidence of vivax malaria in Korea was reduced to a low plateau. For successful elimination of vivax malaria, socio-behavioral changes in the communities are essential. This study aimed to figure out awareness of the inhabitants on the vivax malaria endemicity. The 407 participants including vivax malaria patients and uninfected inhabitants in Gimpo- and Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do, known as high-risk areas in Korea. We used a community-based study design and non-probability sampling method using primary data. Except for the perception about the public health facilities' capability to cope with anti-malaria programs, the 2 groups of participants shared the same level of awareness about public promotional and educational measures and opinions for malaria elimination from the community. Thus, our future goals for malaria prevention and elimination are to develop more active and well-organized community-based education and evaluation programs collaborating with the community healthcare authorities and local governments.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 1985

The identification works of the clay minerals in the Paju series soil of an alfisol, aquic hapludalf, which is derived from the basalt were carried out by the X-ray diffractometer and with the aid of the complete chemical analysis of the clay fractions as well. It also conducted to determine the contents of the identified minerals which correspond to peaks of the diffraction lines appeared at 0.72, 1.0, and 1.4nm respectively. The expansible 2:1 minerals, micas and micaceous minerals, kaolinite minerals, and gibbsite were identified by the X-ray method. Furthermore, the X-ray results are seemed to be partly supported by the chemical analysis because of the presence of illite in the fractions could be confirmed by the values of $SiO_2/A1_2O_3$ mole ratio which ranged from 2.33 to 2.61. The average contents of the 1.4nm minerals. montmorillonite and vermiculite, 1.0nm micas and micaceous minerals, and 0.72nm kaolinite minerals are 42%, 28%, and 30% respectively. The theoretical considerations for the formations of these minerals were also given and that seemed to be well coincided with the experimental results, The presence of the Bt horizons and the kaolinite with gibbsite equilibria in the soil could be interpreted that the weathering is deeply advanced so far under the given soil environmental conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.3
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• pp.362-369
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• 2017

This study was carried out to provide basic data for active control of the anticipated damage through investigation and analysis of geographical and spatial occurrence distribution of oak wilt disease area. The damage of oak wilt disease was analyzed by investigating all the damage trees caused by oak wilt disease from 2011 to 2015 in three areas of Gwangtan-myeon, Paju-si, Gyeonggi -do. As a result, the closer to the ridge the more damage of the oak wilt was generated. Therefore, it is necessary to select the central management area from 0 to 40 m based on the ridge line for more effective control, and to intensively control the area. Also, it is difficult to predict the occurrence of damage by the slope because the damage situation represent differently by the region. By the diameter class, it was analyzed that the number of damaged trees was the largest in the average diameter class with the most number of the trees in each region.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2010

Differences in the number of Platypus koryoensis (Murayama) (Coleoptera: Platypodidae) trapped in different trap types, colors and positions on the trunk were evaluated to develop a monitoring trap for Platypus koryoensis, a known vector of Korean oak wilt disease. The experiments were conducted in an oak forest located in Gwangtan-myeon, Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea using two types of trap: sticky trap and multi-funnel trap. Trapping efficiency of the two trap types was not significantly different. Trapping efficiency of the sticky trap was not affected by four trap colors: yellow, black, white and transparent. The number of beetle caught was higher in the traps facing the upper slope than the lower slope regardress of trap type. Our results showed that both traps type are useful for monitoring Platypus koryoensis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.289-298
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• 2015

The infection status of freshwater fish with digenetic trematode metacercariae was examined in water systems of Hantangang and Imjingang (River), the Republic of Korea. A total of 877 (594 from Hantangang and 283 from Imjingang) fishes were examined by the artificial digestion methods. Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae were detected in 7 (1.2%) fishes (in 3 spp.) from Hantangang in Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, and 40 (14.1%) fishes (in 7 spp.) from Munsancheon in Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do. The average densities were 1.9 and 35.6 per fish infected, respectively. Metagonimus spp. metacercariae were detected in 312 (52.5%) and 113 (39.9%) fishes from Hantangang and Imjingang, and their average densities were 47.5 and 9.6 per fish infected, respectively. Centrocestus armatus metacercariae were found in 161 (27.1%) and 70 (24.7%) fishes from Hantangang and Imjingang, and their average number per fish infected was 694 and 82, respectively. Echinostoma spp. metacercariae were detected in 50 (8.4%) and 94 (33.2%) fishes from Hantangang and Imjingang, and their average densities were 9.6 and 23.1 per fish infected, respectively. The infection status of fishes with metacercariae of Stephanoprora spp., Diplostomum spp., Clinostomum complanatum, Metorchis orientalis, and Metorchis taiwanensis were analyzed by surveyed regions. Conclusively, it was confirmed that C. sinensis metacercariae were quite commonly detected in fishes from Munsancheon but rarely from other localities, whereas the metacercariae of other digenetic trematodes were relatively prevalent in fishes from water systems of Hantangang and Imjingang in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.6_1
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• pp.1033-1039
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• 2018

In Korea, every year during the summer season, typhoons and torrential rains cause floods and damage to property. In particular, the Imjin River basin is characterized by steep slopes, narrow upstream areas, and low flat downstream areas, which are vulnerable to floods. In addition, damages occurred due to unauthorized discharge in the Hwanggang Dam, a large dam upstream of the Imjin River in North Korea. In order to prevent such flood damage, Korea is constructing the Gunnam Flood Control Site in 2010 to prevent flood damage. However, even after the construction of the flood control zone, the flood control capacity is only 20% of the maximum water level of the Hwanggang dam. This study used LAHARZ_py program to calculate flood damage area in the northern part of Gyeonggi province. As a result, when the discharge of Hwanggang dam exceeding the flood control ability of Gunnam flood control zone occurs, damage to Yeoncheon-gun and Paju-si of Gyeonggi-do was expected. This study will be useful as a material to prepare for flood damage.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.65-65
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• 2019

비무장지대(DMZ)는 군사적 활동 외에 일반인에 의한 접근이 엄격히 통제되어 자연적으로 생물들이 보호되어 왔으며, 한반도의 거대한 동 서 생태축으로서 그 중요성이 매우 높다. 본 연구는 경기도 연천군지역의 비무장지대 및 민통선지역에 분포하는 자원식물의 현황을 파악하고 희귀식물, 한국특산식물 등 주요 유용자원식물의 보전과 관리에 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 연구대상지에 분포하는 자원식물은 74과 168속 192종 4아종 26변종 5품종으로 총 227분류군으로 우리나라에 분포하는 관속식물 4,881(국립수목원, 2007)분류군의 4.66%로 나타났다. 각 과별 구성종의 출현비율을 살펴보면 국화과 36분류군으로 가장 다양하게 출현하였다. 연구대상지내에 분포하는 희귀식물은 쥐방울덩굴(Aristolochia contorta Bunge)로 1분류군이 확인되었으며, 한국특산식물은 키버들(Salix koriyanagi Kimura), 병꽃나무(Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey), 은사시나무(Populus tomentiglandulosa T. B. Lee)로 3분류군, 귀화식물은 단풍잎돼지풀(Ambrosia trifida L.), 족제비싸리(Amorpha fruticosa L.), 아까시나무(Robinia pseudoacacia L.) 등 등 17분류군으로 나타났다. 연구결과 전체적으로 다양한 식물종이 확인되지는 않았으며, 일부 구간에는 가시박(Sicyos angulatus L.), 돼지풀(Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), 단풍잎돼지풀(Ambrosia trifida L.) 등 생태계교란 야생식물이 폭넓게 분포하고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.313-327
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• 2021

Background: Citizen science is becoming a mainstream approach of baseline data collection to monitor biodiversity and climate change. Dragonflies (Odonata) have been ranked as the highest priority group in biodiversity monitoring for global warming. Ischnura senegalensis Rambur has been designated a biological indicator of climate change and is being monitored by the citizen science project "Korean Biodiversity Observation Network." This study has been performed to understand changes in the distribution range of I. senegalensis in response to climate change using citizen science data in South Korea. Results: We constructed a dataset of 397 distribution records for I. senegalensis, ranging from 1980 to 2020. The number of records sharply increased over time and space, and in particular, citizen science monitoring data accounted for the greatest proportion (58.7%) and covered the widest geographical range. This species was only distributed in the southern provinces until 2010 but was recorded in the higher latitudes such as Gangwon-do, Incheon, Seoul, and Gyeonggi-do (max. Paju-si, 37.70° latitude) by 2020. A species distribution model showed that the annual mean temperature (Bio1; 63.2%) and the maximum temperature of the warmest month (Bio5; 16.7%) were the most critical factors influencing its distribution. Future climate change scenarios have predicted an increase in suitable habitats for this species. Conclusions: This study is the first to show the northward expansion in the distribution range of I. senegalensis in response to climate warming in South Korea over the past 40 years. In particular, citizen science was crucial in supplying critical baseline data to detect the distribution change toward higher latitudes. Our results provide new insights on the value of citizen science as a tool for detecting the impact of climate change on ecosystems in South Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.595-605
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• 2021

An understanding of the knowledges, attitudes and perceptions of different populations is key for public health policy makers. Here, a survey was performed on knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about malaria diagnosis, prevention, control, and treatment. The 407 survey participants included both uninfected inhabitants and patients from 2 cities (Gimpo- and Paju-si) of Northern Gyeonggi-do, known as high-risk areas for vivax malaria. We used community-based study design and non-probability sampling method using the primary data. Association between variables were tested using χ²-tests. In general, the information on malaria reported by the participants in this study was unsystematic and included inaccurate details. The knowledge of malaria symptoms, identified as headache, chills and fever, was high, but the surveyed community lacks knowledge of the specific medications used for malaria treatment, with a large number of respondents having no knowledge of any form of medication. Survey questions with high correct answer rates included questions about easy treatment of malaria in Korea, the high daytime activity of malaria-borne mosquitoes, and the infection risk posed by outdoor activities. However, a large portion of the respondents was unable to provide simple medical and biological information about the disease. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practical behavior of the surveyed community with respect to malaria and the implications reported here could be applicable to other malaria endemic areas in Korea.