• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2003

Biological activities of PAHs are not known although PAHs are considered as carcinogens. Recent industrial society has human widely exposed to PAHs (polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) that are comming from the incomplete combustion of organic material as wider spread environmental contaminants. Our laboratory have been studied the effect of PAHs in the human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. In this study, we examined the human breast cancer MCF-7 cells as a new system to evaluate bioactivity of PAHs. We have selected 13 PAHs to examine bioassay using CYP1A1-luciferase reporter gene expression system where CYP1A1 1.6 Kb 5flanking region DNA was cloned in front of luciferase reporter gene and this plasmid was transfected into MCF-7 cells transiently. This cells then used for the study to observe the effect of PAHs. We demonstrated that PAHs induced the CYP1A1 promoter, CYP1A1 mRNA and 7-ethoxyresolufin O-deethylase (EROD) activities in a concentration-dependant manner. None of PAHs that we have tested showed stronger stimulatory effect on CYP1 gene expression than TCDD. Benz(a)anthracene and benzo(b)fluoranthene were weak responders to CYP1A1 promoter activity stimulation, CYP1A1 mRNA and EROD induction in MCF-7 cells and these chemicals seemed to respond less either CYP1A1 mRNA or EROD than CYP1A1 promoter activity. Benzo(k)fluoranthene, chrysene, and dibenzo(a, h)anthracene showed strong response to CYP1A1 promoter activity stimulation, CYP1A1 mRNA increase and also EROD induction in MCF-7 cells. Results of dose response study suggested that two strong responding PAHs, such as benzo(k)fluoranthene and dibenzo(a, h)anthracene might be mediated through Aryl hydrocarbon receptors system in MCF-7 cells.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 다환방형족화합물의 하나인 phenanthrene를 이용하여 천연망간산화물에 흡착/탈착되는 특성을 평가하였다. 토양, 퇴적물이나 수체에 다양한 오염물이 동시에 존재하는 경우를 고려하여 페놀계 오염물이 있는 경우, 다환 방형족화합물의 흡탈착에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 망간산화물에 의하여 4-클로로페놀은 효과적으로 산화되었으며 반응산물은 고분자화(휴믹화) 되는 경향을 나타내었다. 4-클로로페놀이 분해됨에 따라 망간산화물 표면에 흡착되는 phenanthrene의 양은 급격히 증가하였다. 또한, 4-클로로페놀이 존재하는 경우 흡착된 phenanthrene의 탈착에 대한 저항성은 4-클로로페놀 농도가 증가할수록 강하게 나타남으로써 고분자화된 4-클로로페놀 반응산물에 phenanthrene이 강하게 흡착되어 있다는 결과를 도출하였다. 결과적으로 망간산화물은 페놀계 오염물과 다환방향족화합물을 동시에 처리하는데 효과적으로 사용될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2003

Setschenow constants of six alkali and alkaline earth metal-based electrolytes (i.e., NaCl, KCl, CaCl$_2$, K$_2$SO$_4$, Na$_2$SO$_4$, NaClO$_4$) for three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (i.e., naphthalene, pyrene, and perylene) were investigated to evaluate the influence of a variety of inorganic salts on the aqueous solubility of PAHs. Inorganic salts showed a wide range of K$\_$s/ values (L/mol), ranging from 0.1108 (NaClO$_4$) to 0.6680 (Na$_2$SO$_4$) for naphthalene, 0.1071 (NaClO$_4$) to 0.7355 (Na$_2$SO$_4$) for pyrene, and 0.1526 (NaClO$_4$) to 0.8136 (Na$_2$SO$_4$) for perylene. In general, the salting out effect of metal cations decreased in the order of Ca$\^$2+/>Na$\^$+/>K$\^$+/. The effect of SO$_4$$\^$2-/>Cl$\^$-/>ClO4$\^$-/ was observed for anions of inorganic salts. The K$\_$s/ values decreased in the order of perylene>pyrene>naphthalene for K$_2$SO$_4$. However, the order of decreasing salting out effect for NaCl, KCl, CaCl$_2$, and NaClO$_4$ was perylene>naphthalene>pyrene. Hydration free energy of the 1:1 and 2:1 alkali and alkaline earth metal-based inorganic salts solution was observed to have a meaningful correlation with Setschenow constants. Thermodynamic interactions between PAH molecules and salt solution can be of importance in determining the magnitude of salting out effect for PAHs at a given salt solution.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2003

계면활성제를 이용한 오염 토양의 세척 공법 적용시 오염물질의 분배를 결정할 수 있는 모델을 개발하였다. 이 모델을 활용하여 세척효과를 극대화할 수 있는 계면활성제의 선정 방법, 물 첨가량 효과, 최적 세척 방법을 예시하였다. 오염물질은 naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, 계면활성제는 Triton X-100, Tergitol NP-10, Igepal CA-720, Brij 30을 대상으로 하였다. 동일한 총량의 계면활성제를 사용할 때 물의 첨가량이 증가하더라도 세척효과의 큰 증가 효과가 없었다. 동일한 총량의 물 및 계면활성제를 사용할 경우 1회 세척보다 연속 세척이 더 효과적이었으며, 연속 세척에서 물과 계면활성제를 동일하게 분배하는 것이 최적이었다. 물과 계면활성제 사용량 및 연속세척 회수에 따라 최적 계면활성제의 종류가 달라질 수 있었다. 본 모델 활용기법은 오염토양 세척 공법 적용시 복잡한 실험을 수행하기 이전에 계면활성제의 탐색과 최적 공정 설계에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.97-99
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• 2017

Our understanding of dust emission, interaction, and evolution, is evolving. In recent years, electric dipole emission by spinning dust has been suggested to explain the anomalous microwave excess (AME), appearing between 10 and 90 Ghz. The observed frequencies suggest that spinning grains should be on the order of 10nm in size, hinting at polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules (PAHs). We present data from the AKARI/Infrared Camera (IRC) due to its high sensitivity to the PAH bands. By inspecting the IRC data for a few AME regions, we find a preliminary indication that regions well-fitted by a spinning-dust model have a higher $9{\mu}m$ than $18{\mu}m$ intensity vs. non-spinning-dust regions. Ongoing efforts to improve the analysis by using DustEM and including data from the AKARI Far Infrared Surveyor (FIS), IRAS, and Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) are described.

• 천문학논총
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.141-145
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• 2017

We study $CO_2/H_2O$ ice abundance ratios in nearby galaxies using AKARI near-infrared slit spectroscopy. Past studies of the ices intensively examined $CO_2/H_2O$ ratios mainly in our Galaxy, and found that there were considerable variations in the $CO_2/H_2O$ ratios from object to object. The cause of the variations is, however, still under debate. As a result of the analysis of our sample that includes 1031 regions in 158 galaxies, the $CO_2/H_2O$ ratios are in a range of 0.05-0.30. In the dataset, we find that the $CO_2/H_2O$ ratios positively correlate with the $Br{\alpha}/PAH$ $3.3{\mu}m$ ratios which reflect the massive star formation activity. Furthermore, we find that the $CO_2/H_2O$ ratios positively correlate with the specific star formation rates of the galaxies where the ices are detected, that reflect the evolutionary stage of a galaxy. These results suggest that the $CO_2/H_2O$ ratios are enhanced in active star-forming regions and young galaxies.

• 천문학논총
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2017

How does the presence of an AGN influence the total SFR estimates of galaxies and change their distribution with respect to the Galaxy Main Sequence? To contribute to solving this question, we study a sample of 1133 sources detected in the North Ecliptic Pole field (NEP) by AKARI and Herschel. We create a multi-wavelength dataset for these galaxies and we fit their multi-wavelength Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) using the whole spectral regime (from 0.1 to $500{\mu}m$). We perform the fit using three procedures: LePhare and two optimised codes for identifying AGN tracers from the SED analysis. In this work we present an overview of the comparison between the estimates of the Infrared bolometric luminosities (between 8 and $1000{\mu}m$) and the AGN fractions obtained exploiting these different procedures. In particular, by estimating the AGN contribution in four different wavelength ranges ($5-40{\mu}m$, $10-20{\mu}m$, $20-40{\mu}m$ and $8-1000{\mu}m$) we show how the presence of an AGN affects the PAH emission by suppressing the ratio $\frac{L_{8{\mu}m}}{L_{4.5{\mu}m}}$ as a function of the considered wavelength range.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess exposure to VOCs and PAHs and the health effects on volunteers who participated in an oil spill cleanup in Yeosu. Methods: Atmospheric VOCs were evaluated in the vicinity of the accident site and questionnaire surveys were conducted to identify personal characteristics and acute health symptoms of clean-up workers seven days after the accident. The levels of metabolites of VOCs (t,t-MA, HA, PGA, MA, MHA) and PAHs (2-NAP, 1-OHP, 2-HF, 1-HPH), oxidative stress markers (TABARS, 8-OHdG) in the urine of workers were analyzed. Their correlation was determined by multiple regression analysis with SAS ver. 9.4. Results: Although the concentration of atmospheric VOCs in the residential areas were low at the time of survey, the levels of VOCs and PAHs metabolites in clean-up workers were higher than those in the control group after clean-up activities. The levels of urinary VOC and PAH metabolites were significantly increased after clean-up compared to those measured before participation. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were also increased and showed significant correlations with those of metabolites of benzene. Conclusion: This study shows that oil spill clean-up activities affect exposure to VOCs and PAHs and the health of clean-up workers. The results suggest the need for check-ups of participants in oil spill cleaning work.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.289-295
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• 1998

Used gasoline engine oils(UGEO) are carcinogenic in long term studies and capable of increasing the number of carcinogen-DNA adducts in short term studies when dermally applied to mice. The carcinogenic risk of UGEO has been attributed to the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) which accumulate in the lubricating system during the combustion of gasoline. When dermally exposed to UGEO, the use of hand cleanser was commonly recommended for removing it. But generally workers who dermally exposed oils, use kerosene as cleaner which make skin trouble. During this study, female mice aged 4-6 weeks were utilized to evaluate the efficiency of kerosene, as solvent-based cleanser, following dermal exposure to UGEO. DNA adduct were detected at skin and lung tissues by using the $^{32}P$-postlabeling method. Washing with cleansers were done at two different interval times following dermal application of UGEO. The total DNA adducts in skin and lung tissues were statistically significantly increased in positive control groups, and of which the total adduct level in skin tissues was statistically significant higher than those in lung tissues(p=0.005). When washing kerosene, the DNA adduct level in skin tissues was statistically significantly decreased(p=0.0001). But DNA adducts in lung tissue was statistically increased(p=0.0039), and that washed at 8hr post exposure was more severly increase(p<0.05). The slope of regression between DNA adducts of lung between skin tissues was 1.0802. In conclusion, skin cleaning with kerosene facilitates passage of carcinogens to the lungs of animals dermally treated with used gasoline engine oils(UGEO).

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2010

연구목적: 본 연구는 일반인의 비직업적 노출에 대한 혈중 16종의 다환방향족탄화수소(PAHs) 의 농도르 분석하여 PAHs의 백그라운드 노출 농도를 평가하는 것이다. 내용 및 방법: 농촌지역에 거주(비직업적 노출로서 16종 다환방향족탄화수소가 특정한 환경오염을 받지 않은 지역에 거주)하는 156명의 연구 참여자의 혈중 16가지 다환방향족탄화수소 농도의 기하평균치를 간접흡연군, 구운 음식물섭취군과 각대조군을 비교 하였다. 혈중 16종의 다환방향족탄화수소의 농도는 질량분석기를 장착한 가스크로마토그라피법과 헤드스페이스 마이크로고체상 추출법에 의하여 분석하였다. 결과: 연구참여자 중, 간접흡연자들에서 4종의 다환방향족탄화수소 아세나프틸렌(p<0.01), 아세나프텐(p<0.1), 플로렌(p<0.01), 피렌(p=0.05)가 대조군 보다 유의하게 높았다. 또한 구운육류와 생선 섭취군에서는 벤조(a)피렌(p<0.1)이 대조군 보다 유의하게 높았다. 결론: 간접흡연과 구운음식물 섭취는 비직업적 노출에서 다환방향족탄화수소 노출원의 가능성이 높다고 추정된다. 혈중 다환방향족탄화수소는 한국일반인의 비직업적 노출 농도로 사용 가능하다고 생각된다.