Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene (한국산업보건학회지)

Korean Industrial Hygiene Association (한국산업보건학회)
권호 표지

Blood Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Non-Occupational Exposure in farming towns near metropolitan Busan, Korea : Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Roasted Food Intake as Influential Factors

부산인근 농촌지역의 비직업적 노출에 의한 혈중 다환방향족탄화수소 농도: 간접흡연과 구운음식 섭취를 중심으로

  • Moon, Chan-Seok (Dept. of Industrial Health, College of Applied Science, Catholic University of Pusan) ;
  • Jo, Eun-Mi (Dept. of Preventive Medicine, Dong-A University) ;
  • Lee, Chae-Kwan (Institute of Industrial Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Jung-Man (Dept. of Preventive Medicine, Dong-A University) ;
  • Hong, Young-Seoub (Dept. of Preventive Medicine, Dong-A University) ;
  • Son, Bu-Soon (Dept. of Environment Health Science, Soonchumhyang University) ;
  • Paik, Jong-Min (Dept. of Industrial Health, College of Applied Science, Catholic University of Pusan)
  • 문찬석 (부산가톨릭대학교 산업보건학과) ;
  • 조은미 (부산 동아대학교 예방의학교실) ;
  • 이채관 (부산 인제대학교 산업의학연구소) ;
  • 김정만 (부산 동아대학교 예방의학교실) ;
  • 홍영습 (부산 동아대학교 예방의학교실) ;
  • 손부순 (순천향대학교 환경보건학과) ;
  • 백종민 (부산가톨릭대학교 산업보건학과)
  • Received : 2010.04.21
  • Accepted : 2010.06.18
  • Published : 2010.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

연구목적: 본 연구는 일반인의 비직업적 노출에 대한 혈중 16종의 다환방향족탄화수소(PAHs) 의 농도르 분석하여 PAHs의 백그라운드 노출 농도를 평가하는 것이다. 내용 및 방법: 농촌지역에 거주(비직업적 노출로서 16종 다환방향족탄화수소가 특정한 환경오염을 받지 않은 지역에 거주)하는 156명의 연구 참여자의 혈중 16가지 다환방향족탄화수소 농도의 기하평균치를 간접흡연군, 구운 음식물섭취군과 각대조군을 비교 하였다. 혈중 16종의 다환방향족탄화수소의 농도는 질량분석기를 장착한 가스크로마토그라피법과 헤드스페이스 마이크로고체상 추출법에 의하여 분석하였다. 결과: 연구참여자 중, 간접흡연자들에서 4종의 다환방향족탄화수소 아세나프틸렌(p<0.01), 아세나프텐(p<0.1), 플로렌(p<0.01), 피렌(p=0.05)가 대조군 보다 유의하게 높았다. 또한 구운육류와 생선 섭취군에서는 벤조(a)피렌(p<0.1)이 대조군 보다 유의하게 높았다. 결론: 간접흡연과 구운음식물 섭취는 비직업적 노출에서 다환방향족탄화수소 노출원의 가능성이 높다고 추정된다. 혈중 다환방향족탄화수소는 한국일반인의 비직업적 노출 농도로 사용 가능하다고 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Aguinaga N, Campillo N, Vinas P, Hernandez-Cordoba M. Determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk and related products using solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analytica Chemica Acta 2007;596: 285-290 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.06.005
  2. Ahn Y-G, Seo J-B, Hong J. Comparison solid phase microextraction with Purge & trap on the GC/MS analysis of volatile organic compounds in biota samples. Analytical Science & Technology 2001;145: 392-399 (in Korean)
  3. Armstrong BG, Tremblay CG, Cyr D, Theriault GP. Estimating the relationship between exposure to tar volatiles and the incidence of bladder cancer in aluminum smelter workers. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environmental & Health 1986; 12: 486-493 https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.2109
  4. Boffetta P, Jourenkova N, Custavsson P. Cancer risk from occupational and environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cancer Causes & Control 1997; p. 444- 472
  5. Buratti M, Campo L, Fustinoni S, Cirla PE, Martinotti I et al. Urinary hydrocylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as biomarkers of exposure in asphalt workers. Biomarkers 2007;123: 221-239
  6. Cam D, Gagni S, Lombardi N, Punin MO. Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental solid matrices. Journal of Chromatographic Science 2004;426: 329-35
  7. Campo L, Addario L, Buratti M, Scibetta L, Longhi O et al. Biological monitoring of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by determination of unmatabolized compound in urine. Toxicology Letters 2006;162: 132-138 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.09.024
  8. Ding YS, Yan XJ, Jain RB, Lopp E, Tavakoli A et al. Determination of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mainstream smoke from U.S. brand and non-U.S. brand cigarettes. Environmental Science & Technology 2006;404: 1133-1138
  9. Fagundes R B, Abnet C C, Strickland P T, Kamangar F, Roth M J et al. Higher urinary 1-hydroxy glucuronide (1-OHPG) is associated with tobacco smoke exposure and drinking mate in healthy subjects from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BMC Cancer 2006;6: 1-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-1
  10. Gimmer G, Naujack K W, Dettbarn G. Gas chromatographic determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, azaarenens, aromatic amines in the particle and vapor phase of mainstream and side stream smoke of cigarettes. Toxicology Letters 1987;35: 117-124 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(87)90095-6
  11. Hu Y, Zhou Z, Xue X, Li X, Fu J et al. Sensitive biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): urinary 1- hydroxypyrene glucuronide in relation to smoking and low ambient levels of exposure. Biomarkers 2006;11: 306-318 https://doi.org/10.1080/13547500600626883
  12. Ibanez R, Agudo A, Berenguer A, Jakszyn P, Tormo M J et al. Dietary intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a Spanish population. Journal of Food Protection 2005;68: 2190- 2195 https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-68.10.2190
  13. Ikeda M. Solvents in urine as exposure markers. Toxicology Letters 1999;108: 99-106 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(99)00078-8
  14. International Agency for Research on Cancer (). Polynuclear aromatic compounds, Part 4: Bitumens, coal-tars and derived products, shale-oils and soots. In IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1985;Vol. 35: p. 271
  15. International Agency for Research on Cancer . Polynuclear aromatic compounds, Part 2 Carbon Blacks, mineral oils (lubricant base oils and derived products) and some nitroarenes. In: IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans). Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1984.; Vol. 33: p.245
  16. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds. In: IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans Vol. 3 Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1973. p. 271
  17. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Monographs of the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Part 1. Chemical, environmental and experimental data, In: IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans Vol. 32. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1983
  18. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Overall evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. In IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Supplement 7. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1987
  19. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Polynuclear aromatic compounds, Part 3 Industrial exposures in aluminium production, coal gasification, coke production, and iron and steel foundin. In IARC Nonographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1984a; Vol. 34: (p.219)
  20. Jongeneelen FJ. Benchmark guidline for urinary 1-hydroxypyrene as biomarker of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Ann Occup Hyg 2001;45: 3-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4878(00)00009-0
  21. Kawai T, Mizunuma K, Okada Y, Horiguchi S, Ikeda M et al. Toluene itself as the best urinary marker of toluene exposure. International Archives of Occupational & Environmental Health 1996;68: 289-297 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00409413
  22. Kawai T, Mizunuma K, Yasugi T, Horiguchi S, Ikeda M et al. Toluene in blood as a marker of choice for low-level exposure to toluene. . International Archives of Occupational & Environmental Health 1994;66: 309-315 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378363
  23. Kawai T, Yasugi T, Mizunuma K, Horiguchi S, Iguchi H et al. Comparative evaluation of urinalysis and blood analysis as means of detecting exposure to organic solvents at low concentrations. . International Archives of Occupational & Environmental Health 1992a; 64: 223-234 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378279
  24. Kawai T, Yasugi T, Mizunuma K, Horiguchi S, Ikeda M Urinalysis vs. blood analysis, as a tool for biological monitoring of solvent exposure. Toxicology Letters 1992;63: 333-343 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(92)90095-2
  25. Kazerouni N, Shnha R, Hsu C-H, Greenberg A, Rothman N. Analysis of 200 food items for benzo(a)pyrene and estimation of its intake in an epidemiologic study. Food & Chemical Toxicology, 2001;39: 423-436 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00158-7
  26. Kim J, Cho S-H, Kang J-W, Kim Y-D, Nan H-M, Lee C-H, Lee H, Kawamoto T. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and 2-naphthol concentrations in male Koreans. International Archives of Occupational & Environmental Health 2001;74: 59-62
  27. King AJ, Readman JW, Zhou JL. The application of solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) to the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Environmental Geochemistry & Health 2003;25: 69-75. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021248932084
  28. Lioy PJ, Waldman JM, Greenberg AR. The total human environmental exposure study (THESS) to benzo(a)pyrene: Comparison of the inhalation and food pathways. Archives of Environmental Health 1988;43: 304-312 https://doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1988.10545954
  29. Lu H and Zhu L. Pollution patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2007;A139: 193-198
  30. Moon C-S, Zhang Z-W, Shimbo S, Watanabe T, Moon D-H, Lee CU, Lee B-K, Ahn K-D, Lee S-H, Ikeda M. Dietary intake of cadmium and lead among general population in Korea.Environmental Research 1995;71: 46-54 https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1995.1066
  31. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. 9th report on carcinogens. Research Triangle Park, NC, U.S., Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program; 2000
  32. National Toxicology Program. 9th Report on carcinogens. Revised edition. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina: National Toxicology Program; 2001
  33. Palmer WG, Scott WD. Lung cancer in ferrous foundry workers: a review. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 1981;42: 329-340 https://doi.org/10.1080/15298668191419848
  34. Phillips DH. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the diet. Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology & Environmental Mutagenesis 1999;443: 139-147 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5742(99)00016-2
  35. Redmond CK, Strobino BR, Cypress RH. Cancer experience among coke by-product workers. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1976;271: 102-115 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb23099.x
  36. Reinik M, Tame T, Roasto M, Junkam K, Tenno T et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in meat products and estimated PAH intake by children and the general population in Estonia. Food Additives & Contaminants 2007;24: 427-437
  37. Scherer G, Conze C, VonMeyerinck L, Sorsa M, Adlkofer F et al. Importance of exposure to gaseous and particulate phase components of tobacco smoke in active and passive smokers. International Archives of Occupational & Environmental Health 1990;62: 459-466 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379064
  38. Scherer G, Frank S, Riedel K, Meger-Kossien I, Renner T. et al. Biomonitoring of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of nonoccupationally exposed persons. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2000;9: 373-380
  39. Sinha R, Peters U, Cross A J, Kulldorff M, Weissfeld J L et al. Meat, Meat cooking methods and preservation, and risk for colorectal adenoma. Cancer Research 2005;65: 8034-8041 https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3429
  40. Suzuki K, Yoshinaga J. Inhalation and dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and urinary 1- hydroxypyrene in non-smoking university students. International Archives of Occupational & Environmental Health 2007;81: 115-121 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-007-0188-x
  41. Unwin J, Cocker J, Scobbie E, Chambers H. An assessment of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the UK. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2006;50: 395-403 https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/mel010
  42. WHO. Guideline for drinking-water quality Vol. 1 Recommendation. Geneva; 1984: p.67