• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2004

무전해 Ni(P)는 솔더링 특성과 부식저항성이 우수하고 표면 거칠기가 적으며 원하는 금속 상에 선택적으로 도금이 가능하여 전자패키지에서 반도체칩과 기판의 표면 금속층으로 촉 넓게 사용되고 있다. 그러나 솔더와의 반응 중 금속간 화합물의 spalling과 솔더 조인트에서의 취성파괴 문제가 성공적인 적용의 걸림돌이 되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 각각 조성이 다른 세가지 Ni(P)막 (4.6,9, and $13 wt.\%$ P)을 사용하곡 솔더와의 반응시 무전해 Ni(P)막의 미세구조 및 상 변화와 금속간화합물의 spatting 거동을 면밀히 조사하였다. $Ni_3Sn_4$ 화합물 아래로 침투한 Sn과 P-rich layer ($Ni_3P$)와의 반응에 의해 $Ni_3SnP$ 층이 형성되며 $Ni_3SnP$ 층이 성장함에 따라 $Ni_3Sn_4$가 spalling됨이 관찰되었다. Spalling 후에는 Ni(P)막이 용융된 솔더와 직접 접촉하게 되어 Ni(P)막의 결정화가 가속화되고 $Ni_3P$상이 $Ni_2P$상으로 변태되었다. 또한 이러한 결정화 과정 중 Ni(P)막의 부피가 감소됨에 따라서 인장응력이 발생하여 막 내부에 크랙이 발생하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.316-320
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• 2012

$Co_3O_4$, $Al_2O_3$ and $Co_3O_4$/$Al_2O_3$ mesoporous powders were prepared by a sol-gel method with starting matierals of aluminum isopropoxide and cobalt (II) nitrate. A P123 template is employed as an active organic additive for improving the specific surface area of the mixed oxide by forming surfactant micelles. A transition metal cobalt oxide supported on alumina with and without P123 was tested to find the most active and selective conditions as a heterogeneous catalyst in the reaction of styrene epoxidation. A bBlock copolymer-P123 template was added to the staring materials to control physical and chemical properties. The properties of $Co_3O_4$/$Al_2O_3$ powder with and without P123 were characterized using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), a Bruner-Emmertt-Teller (BET) surface analyzer, and $^{27}Al$ MAS NMR spectroscopy. Powders with and without P123 were compared in catalytic tests. The catalytic activity and selectivity were monitored by GC/MS, $^1H$, and $^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopy. The performance for the reaction of epoxidation of styrene was observed to be in the following order: [$Co_3O_4$/$Al_2O_3$ with P123-1173 K > $Co_3O_4$/$Al_2O_3$ with P123-973 K > $Co_3O_4$-973 K>$Co_3O_4$/$Al_2O_3$-973 K > $Co_3O_4$/$Al_2O_3$ with P123-1473 K > $Al_2O_3$-973 K]. The existence of ${\gamma}$-alumina and the nature of the surface morphology are related to catalytic activity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.975-978
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• 2012

P63 is a gene product required in cell cycle regulation which plays vital roles in tumor differentiation. Aims of the present study were to assess the frequency, pattern, sensitivity and specificity of two p63 protein clones P63 4A4 and P63 4A4+Y4A3 in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Thirty cases of head and neck region SCC diagnosed on the basis of H&E staining were examined along with 60 cases of head and neck region biopsies other than squamous cell carcinoma, negative on H&E staining, were taken as control. Immunostaining was performed on slides according to the Thermo Scientific UltraVision LP detection System. P63 4A4+Y4A3 clone is more sensitive 96.6% in comparison to 86% in P63 4A4 with having greater NPV of 98.3%. The results signify the importance of P63 4A4+Y4A3 marker over the old markers and may be used as a confirmatory marker of squamous cell carcinoma.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.562-570
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• 2018

본 연구는 사회봉사활동에 따른 간호대학생의 직업가치관, 자아존중감, 사회성 정도와 관련성을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이며, 대상자는 간호대학생 535명이다. 연구결과 일반적 특성에 따른 직업가치관은 종교(F=4.79, p=.003)와 전공(F=3.75, p=.011), 자아존중감은 학년(F=4.84, p=.002)에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였고, 사회성은 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 사회봉사활동 특성에 따른 직업가치관은 봉사 시간(F=18.70, p<.001), 봉사 기간(F=18.87, p<.001), 봉사 기관(F=3.41, p=.001), 봉사 동기(F=8.08, p<.001), 참여 경로(F=3.63, p=.002), 참여분야(F=2.13, p=.031)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 상관관계 결과 직업가치관은 자아존중감(r=.247, p<.01)과 사회성(r=.248, p<.01)에서, 자아존중감은 사회성(r=.327, p<.01)과 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.161-165
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• 1999

분얼형 옥수수인 4개 교잡종과 대조구인 P3394 교잡종과의 수량특성을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 생초수량에 대하여 재식밀도별로 알아보면 4,800주/10a에서는 PI213749//FR805/IK3 교잡종이 7,862kg이고, FR805/IK3//Waesungri 교잡종이 8,290kg/10이며, IK/LE//FR805/IK3 교잡종이 7,746kg/10a로서 대조구인 P3394의 6,247kg/10a보다도 많았다. 2. 건물수량은 대조구인 P3394 교잡종이 4,800주/10a에서 1,430kg로 다른 분얼형 옥수수 교잡종인 PI213749//FR805/IK3은 1,834kg/10a FR805/IK3//Waesungri 교잡종이 1,836kg/10a, IK/LE//FR805/IK3 교잡종이 1,810kg/10a로 많았다. 3. 종실수량은 4,800주/10a에서 IK/LE//FR805/IK3 교잡종이 783kg로 대조구인 P3394의 776kg/10a 보다 많았으며, 3,600주/10a에서는 대조구에서 714kg/10a로 다른 분얼형 옥수수 교잡종보다 종실수량이 많았다. 그러나 2,400주/10a에서는 오히려 분얼형 옥수수 교잡종인 IK/LE//FR805/IK3 교잡종이 752kg/10a이고, PI213749/Dangjin//FR805/IK3 교잡종이 699kg/10a로서 대조구인 P3394의 680kg/10a 보다 높았다.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.511-528
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• 2008

Let (R, m) be a 2-dimensional regular local ring with algebraically closed residue field R/m. Let K be the quotient field of R and $\upsilon$ be a prime divisor of R, i.e., a valuation of K which is birationally dominating R and residually transcendental over R. Zariski showed that there are finitely many simple $\upsilon$-ideals $m\;=\;P_0\;{\supset}\;P_1\;{\supset}\;{\cdots}\;{\supset}\;P_t\;=\;P$ and all the other $\upsilon$-ideals are uniquely factored into a product of those simple ones [17]. Lipman further showed that the predecessor of the smallest simple $\upsilon$-ideal P is either simple or the product of two simple $\upsilon$-ideals. The simple integrally closed ideal P is said to be free for the former and satellite for the later. In this paper we describe the sequence of simple $\upsilon$-ideals when P is satellite of order 3 in terms of the invariant $b_{\upsilon}\;=\;|\upsilon(x)\;-\;\upsilon(y)|$, where $\upsilon$ is the prime divisor associated to P and m = (x, y). Denote $b_{\upsilon}$ by b and let b = 3k + 1 for k = 0, 1, 2. Let $n_i$ be the number of nonmaximal simple $\upsilon$-ideals of order i for i = 1, 2, 3. We show that the numbers $n_{\upsilon}$ = ($n_1$, $n_2$, $n_3$) = (${\lceil}\frac{b+1}{3}{\rceil}$, 1, 1) and that the rank of P is ${\lceil}\frac{b+7}{3}{\rceil}$ = k + 3. We then describe all the $\upsilon$-ideals from m to P as products of those simple $\upsilon$-ideals. In particular, we find the conductor ideal and the $\upsilon$-predecessor of the given ideal P in cases of b = 1, 2 and for b = 3k + 1, 3k + 2, 3k for $k\;{\geq}\;1$. We also find the value semigroup $\upsilon(R)$ of a satellite simple valuation ideal P of order 3 in terms of $b_{\upsilon}$.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 간호대학생의 대인관계, 임상실습 스트레스 및 임상실습 만족도를 파악하고, 제 변수의 상관관계를 조사하기 위해 시도되었다. 본 연구는 대구 경북 지역 3개 대학교 간호학과에 재학 중인 3,4학년생 261명을 대상으로 2015년 9월 7일~18까지 설문조사하였고, 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, Stepwise multiple regression으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 대상자의 대인관계는 평균 $3.74{\pm}0.39$점, 임상실습 스트레스는 $3.21{\pm}0.54$점, 임상실습 만족도는 $3.44{\pm}0.45$점이었다. 대인관계는 연령(F=3.12, p=.046), 간호학 전공만족도(F=15.84, p<.001), 대인관계 중요성(F=4.76, p=.001), 학업성적(F=3.80, p=.011)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 임상실습 스트레스는 연령(F=8.05, p<.001), 간호학 지원동기(F=4.55, p=.001), 간호학 전공만족도(F=2.69, p=.046)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 임상실습 만족도는 간호학 전공만족도(F=3.24, p=.022), 대인관계 중요성(F=3.01, p=.019), 학업성적(F=5.24, p=.002)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 대인관계와 임상실습 만족도(r=.24, p<.001)는 유의한 순 상관관계가 있었으며, 임상실습 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요소는 대인관계(${\beta}=.21$, p<.001), 학업성적(${\beta}=.12$, p=.045)이었다. 결론적으로 간호대학생의 임상실습 만족도를 높이기 위해서 간호대학생의 대인관계능력을 향상시키기 위한 중재 방안이 필요하다.

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.95.1-95.17
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• 2018

Objective: Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. Our previous results showed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) XLOC_006390 plays an important role in cervical cancer. In this study, we have explored the mechanism of action of lncRNA XLOC_006390. Methods: LncRNA XLOC_006390 was proposed to exercise its function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), and its potential targeted miRNAs was predicted through the database LncBase Predicted v.2. Two miRNAs, miR-331-3p, and miR-338-3p, were chosen for the study. Expression of miRNAs and lncRNA in cervical cancer cells and tissues was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To determine the correlation, silencing of XLOC_006390, over-expression of miR-331-3p, and miR-338-3p was performed in SiHa and Caski cell lines, respectively. Results: Based on the interactive effect between miRNA and lncRNA, miR-331-3p and miR-338-3p were significantly downregulated in cervical cancer cells and tissues, and their expression levels were negatively related to that of lncRNA. Our results also showed that the expression of miR-331-3p target gene NRP2, miR-338-3p target genes PKM2, EYA2 was significantly downregulated when the XLOC_006390 was knocked down. Further, XLOC_006390 was found to facilitate cervical cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis by downregulating miR-331-3p and miR-338-3p expression. Conclusion: Taken together, our study demonstrated that XLOC_006390 may serve as a ceRNA and reversely regulates the expression of miR-331-3p and miR-338-3p, thus facilitating cervical cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.120-129
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• 2021

Rotavirus A (RVA) is recognized as a major etiology responsible for the development of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. The purpose of the present study was to perform the molecular characterization of RVA. A total of 323 stool specimens collected from hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Rai, Thailand, in 2016-2018 were identified for G- and P-genotypes through RT-PCR analysis. RVA was more prevalent in 2017-2018 (37.8%) than in 2016-2017 (23.2%). The seasonal peak of RVA occurred from March to April. G3P[8] was predominant in 2016-2017 (90.6%) and 2017-2018 (58.6%). Other genotypes including G1P[8], G8P[8], G9P[8], and mixed infections were also identified. G3P[8] strains clustered together in the same lineage with other novel human equine-like G3P[8] strains previously identified in multiple countries and presented a genotype 2 constellation (G3-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2). Several amino acid differences were observed in the antigenic epitopes of the VP7 and VP8* capsid proteins of the equine-like G3P[8] compared with those of the RVA vaccine strains. The homology modeling of the VP7 and VP8* capsid proteins of the equine-like G3P[8] strains evidently exhibited that these residue differences were present on the surface-exposed area of the capsid structure. The emergence of the equine-like G3P[8] strains in Thailand indicates the rapid spread of strains with human and animal gene segments. Continuous surveillance for RVA is essential to monitor genotypes and genetic diversity, which will provide useful information for selecting rotavirus strains to develop a safe and effective RVA vaccine that is efficacious against multiple genotypes and variants.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.396-403
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• 2017

Under normal, non-stressed conditions, intracellular p53 is continually ubiquitinated by MDM2 and targeted for degradation. However, in response to severe genotoxic stress, p53 protein levels are markedly increased and apoptotic cell death is triggered. Inhibiting the ubiquitination of p53 under conditions where DNA damage has occurred is therefore crucial for preventing the development of cancer, because if cells with severely damaged genomes are not removed from the population, uncontrolled growth can result. However, questions remain about the cellular mechanisms underlying the regulation of p53 stability. In this study, we show that p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3), which is a transcriptional target of p53, regulates p53 stability. Overexpression of PIG3 stabilized both endogenous and transfected wild-type p53, whereas a knockdown of PIG3 lead to a reduction in both endogenous and UV-induced p53 levels in p53-proficient human cancer cells. Using both in vivo and in vitro ubiquitination assays, we found that PIG3 suppressed both ubiquitination- and MDM2-dependent proteasomal degradation of p53. Notably, we demonstrate that PIG3 interacts directly with MDM2 and promoted MDM2 ubiquitination. Moreover, elimination of endogenous PIG3 in p53-proficient HCT116 cells decreased p53 phosphorylation in response to UV irradiation. These results suggest an important role for PIG3 in regulating intracellular p53 levels through the inhibition of p53 ubiquitination.