• 생약학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.366-370
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• 2011

Bee venom (BV) has been used as a treatment for a wide variety of ailments such as inflammatory diseases in korean traditional medicine. Despite its well documented anti-inflammatory property, it has not been fully demonstrated regarding the influence of BV against Propionibactierium acnes (P. acnes), which promotes follicular inflammation (inflammatory acne). This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory property of BV against P. acnes in vivo. To induce inflammation in vivo using P. acnes, $1{\times}10^7$ CFU of living P. acnes were intradermally injected into the ear of mice. BV (1, 10, 100 ${\mu}g$) in vaseline was applied epicutaneously on the ear resulting in P. acnes-induced ear swelling and inflammation. Epicutaneous administration of BV with P. acnes decreased the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells and inflammatory cytokines in the ear, thereby relieving P. acnes-induced ear swelling and granulomatous inflammation, especially at the dose of 1 ${\mu}g$ of BV. In this report, we demonstrated the therapeutic effects of BV on P. acnes-induced inflammation in vivo using the mouse model. These data highlight the potential of using BV as an alternative treatment to the antibiotic therapy of acne vulgaris.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.473-477
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• 2007

The in vitro antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant Propionibacterium acnes of kaempferol isolated from the Impatiens balsamina alone and in combination with erythromycin or clindamycin antibiotics was investigated. The antibiotic combination effect against antibiotic-resistant P. acnes was studied by checkerboard test. Kaempferol and quercetin demonstrated antibacterial activities against P. acnes. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for both compounds were ${\leq}32\;{\mu}g/ml\;and\;{\leq}64{\mu}g/ml$ for clindamycin-sensitive and -resistant P. acnes, respectively. The four combination formulations (kaempferol and either erythromycin or clindamycin; quercetin and either erythromycin or clindamycin) exhibited a synergic inhibition of P. acnes growth. The combination of kaempferol with quercetin showed an indifferent effect. The combination of clindamycin with kaempferol or quercetin showed a greater synergic effect than that of erythromycin with kaempferol or quercetin. Thus, these combinations demonstrated the potential to treat acne.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2004

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) plays an important role in the disease pathogenesis of acne vulgaris, a disorder of pilosebaceous follicles, seen primarily in the adolescent age group. In the present study, the presence of antibodies against P. acnes (MTCC1951) were detected in acne patient (n=50) and disease free controls (n=25) using dot-ELISA and Western blot assay. The ability of P. acnes to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), obtained from acne patients and healthy subjects, were also analysed. The patients (n=26) who were culture positive for skin swab culture, were found to have a more advanced disease and higher antibody titres (1:4000 to >1:16000) compared to the P. acnes negative patients (n=24) and normal controls (n=25). An analysis of patients' sera by western blot assay recognized a number of antigenic components of P. acnes, rang-ing from 29 to 205 kDa. The major reactive component was an approximately 96 kDa polypeptide, which was recognised in 92％ (24 of 26) of the patients sera. Further, the P. acnes culture supernatant, crude cell lysate and heat killed P. acnes whole cells, obtained from 72-h incubation culture, were observed to be able to induce significant amounts of IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) by the PBMCs in both the healthy subjects and patients, as analysed by cytokine-ELISA. The levels of cytokines were significantly higher in the patients than the healthy subjects. A major 96 kDa polypep-tide reactant was eluted from the gel and was found to cause dose dependent stimulation of the pro-ductions of IL-8 and TNF-${\alpha}$. Thus, the above results suggest that both humoral and pro-inflammatory responses play major roles in the pathogenesis of acne.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2018

여드름은 사춘기와 젊은 연령층에서 나타나는 염증성 피부질환이다. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)는 여드름에서 염증을 유발하는 주요한 균으로 알려져 있다. P. acnes 는 피부에서 과잉생산된 피지에 의해 막힌 모낭 내에서 증식하며, 피부 내의 단핵구를 활성화시키고 염증성 사이토카인(pro-inflammatory cytokine)의 분비를 촉진하여 염증반응을 증가시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 Cnestis palala (Lour.) Merr. 추출물이 P. acnes 에 의한 염증반응을 감소시킬 수 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 마우스 대식세포주인 RAW264.7 에서 C. palala 추출물은 P. acnes 에 의해 증가하는 염증성 사이토카인인 $IL-1{\beta}$의 단백질 발현량과 IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, COX-2 의 mRNA 발현량을 감소시켰다. 또한 염증성 사이토카인 발현의 주요 전사인자(transcription factor)인 $NF-{\kappa}B$ 의 전사 활성 역시 C. palala 추출물에 의해 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 C. palala 추출물이 P. acnes 에 의해 발생하는 여드름의 치료제나 그 보조제로 사용될 가능성이 있음을 제안 할 수 있다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2019

여드름은 일반적인 피부 염증성 질환으로 알려져 있다. 여드름은 모낭 내 피지선에서 나타나는 만성 염증 질환이다. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)의 증식은 대식세포가 염증성 사이토카인을 분비하도록 자극한다. 최근 연구에서 여러 천연 추출물이 P. acnes에 의해 매개되는 염증반응을 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 P. acnes에 의한 염증반응에서 E. persicifolia Gagnep. (E. persicifolia) 추출물의 억제효과에 관한 연구는 수행되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 P. acnes에 의해 유도된 염증 반응에서 E. persicifolia 추출물의 항 염증효과를 조사하였다. P. persicifolia 추출물은 마우스 대식세포주인 RAW 264.7에서 P. acnes에 의해 유도된 IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ 및 iNOS와 같은 염증 매개체의 발현 수준을 억제하였다. 또한 E. persicifolia 추출물이 염증성 사이토카인 발현의 주요 조절인자인 NF-${\kappa}B$ 전사 활성화를 억제한다는 것을 발견했다. 본 연구 결과는 P. acnes의 치료를 위한 잠재적인 치료물질로서 E. persicifolia 추출물을 제안한다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.73-73
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• 2020

Toona sinensis (TS) leaf is known to antinociceptive, antioxidative stress and skin moisturizing effects. Acnes vulgaris is a chronic skin disease with various symptoms including itchiness, pain and interruption of normal skin function. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major factor in the occurrence of inflammatory acnes. This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammation effects by TS extract from adventitious shoots. TS extract showed anti-inflammatory activities by suppression of pro-inflammation mediators (iNOS and COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. TS extract also has anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines on P. acnes-stimulated HaCaT cells. These effects were regulated by MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, we suggest that TS extract from adventitious shoots might have applications as a medicine for treating P. acnes-induced skin diseases.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2010

Objective : This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts on the inflammatory cytokines gene expression by the bacteria of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) which elicits acne in human monocytes, THP-1 cell line. Experiment : Cytotoxicity of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts was analyzed by XTT assay. Real time RT-PCR was applied to analyze the cytokines gene expressions of IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-$\alpha$. Translocation of transcription factor NF-${\kappa}B$ from cytoplasm into nucleus was observed using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Results : Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts did not show cytotoxicity as high as in $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ of concentration. Transcription levels of inflammatory cytokines, IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-$\alpha$ were increased by P. acnes in THP-1 and Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts decreased the upregulated transcription levels. Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts significantly inhibited the translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ into nucleus by P. acnes. Conclusion : This study suggests that Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts have anti-inflammatory effects on P. acnes treated THP-1 as decreasing the mRNA expressions of IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-$\alpha$. This anti-inflammatory effect of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts may be useful in therapeutic treatments for acne vulgaris.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1308-1316
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• 2008

Propionibacterium acnes is known to playa pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. CBT-SL5 is one of the antimicrobial peptides from Enterococcus faecalis SL5, and it has shown antimicrobial activity against P. acnes. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of CBT-SL5 on the inflammation induced by P. acnes in cultured human keratinocyes. Cultured human keratinocytes derived from neonatal foreskin were treated with heat-killed P. acnes to induce inflammation, and then various concentrations of CBT-SL5 were added to the P. acnes-treated keratinocytes. The mRNA expression and protein secretion of interleukin (IL)-8, an inflammation marker, was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. We also analyzed the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-$\kappaB$) p65 translocation by performing immunofluorescent staining. P. acnes treatment up regulated the IL-8 mRNA expression in the keratinocytes, and this was brought about through both toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4. At the concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 ng/ml, CBT-SL5 significantly down regulated the P. acnes-induced IL-8 mRNA expression and protein production (p<0.05). At 6 hand 12 h of the treatment, CBT-SL5 significantly suppressed the P. acnes-induced IL-8 mRNA expression. Secretion of IL-8 protein was significantly reduced at 24 h. The functional inhibitory activity of CBT-SL5 was shown by CBT-SL5 suppressing the P. acnes-induced NF-$\kappaB$ translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. These results demonstrated that CBT-SL5 suppressed the P. acnes-induced IL-8 expression in keratinocytes. Therefore, CBT-SL5 may be a novel anti-inflammatory treatment for acne.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2010

Biotransformation is often used to improve chemical activity. We evaluated the antimicrobial activity of rhapontigeuin, converted from rhapontin after treatment with Pectinex. Rhapontigenin showed 4-16 times higher antimicrobial activity than rhapontin. The activity was higher against Gram-positive strains than Gram-negative strains. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of rhapontigenin, retinol, and five antibiotics were determined by the microbroth dilution method for antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant Propionibacterium acnes. We also investigated the in vitro antibacterial activity of rhapontigenin in combination with antibiotic against antibiotic-resistant P. acnes. The antibiotic combination effect against resistant P. acnes was studied by the checkerboard method. The combination formulations (rhapontigenin and clindamycin, retinol and clindamycin) showed synergistic effects on the inhibition of the growth of clindamycin-resistant P. acnes. It is predictable that the combination of antibiotics with rhapontigenin is helpful to treat acne caused by antibiotic-resistant P. acnes. The antibacterial activity of rhapontigenin was enhanced by biotransformation.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.206-212
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• 2019

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)는 모낭과 모공 속에 존재하며 세포 찌꺼기, 피지 및 주변 피부 조직의 대사 부산물을 에너지와 영양소로 사용한다. 과도한 피지생성과 모낭의 막힘으로 피지 생성이 증가하면 P. acnes의 증식 및 성장을 유발할 수 있다. 모낭에 있는 P. acnes의 급속한 성장은 염증을 일으킬 수 있는 세포 손상, 신진 대사 부산물을 생성한다. 본 연구는 S. iscoensis Hieron. (S. iscoensis) 추출물이 P. acnes에 의한 염증반응을 조절할 가능성이 있는지 확인하고, 그 신호 전달 기전을 밝히고자 하였다. S. iscoensis 추출물은 마우스 대식세포주인 Raw 264.7에서 P. acne에 의해 유도되는 IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, iNOS와 같은 염증성 사이토카인의 발현을 매우 효과적으로 억제하였다. 이러한, 염증성 사이토카인의 발현 억제는 NF-${\kappa}B$와 NF-AT와 같은 전사 조절 인자의 활성화 저해를 통해 일어남을 확인하였다. 그러나, MAPK 신호 전달 기전과는 상관이 없음을 확인하였다. 이 연구는 S. iscoensis 추출물이 여드름의 치료제로 사용될 가능성이 있음을 최초로 제안한다.