• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.24-28
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• 1996

A procedure is described for the synthesis of the title compound via phosphotriester intermediates. The preparation of $R_p$ and $S_p$ diastereomeric dinucleotide of d[Cp(S)T] was performed by the condensation of the protected deoxycytidine, the protected thymidine, 2,5-dichlorophenylphosphorodichloridothioate and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole in THF. Their designation of configuration at phosphorus as $R_p$ and $S_p$ follows from anaylsis of ${31}^P$ NMR spectroscopy and reverse-phase HPLC and the stereospecificity in the hydrolysis catalyzed by Nuclease S1 and snake venom phosphodiesterase. Diastereomerically pure $R_p$ and $S_p$ d[Cp(S)T] were utilized to synthesize oligonucleotides containing the XhoI recognition sequence with a phosphorothioate group at the cleavage site.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 1998

Previous studies have shown that the heterocycles including thiazoles are efficacious in inducing phase phase II metabolizing enzyme as well as certain cytochrome P450s and that the inductin of these matabolizing enzymes by the heterocyclic agents is highly associated with their hepatotoxicity. In the present study, the effects of benzylisothiazole (BIT), which has a isothiazole moiety, on the expression of microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH), major glutathione S-transerases and cytochrome P450s were studied in the rat liver in association with its hepatotoxicity. Treatment of rats with BIT(1.17 mmol/kg, 1~3d) resulted in substantial increases in the mEH. rGSTA2, rGSTA2, rGSTM1 and rGSTM2 mRNA levels, whereas rGSTA3 and rGSTA5 mRNA levels were increased to much lesser extents. A time-course study showed that the mRNA levels of mEH and rGSTs were greater at 24hr after treatment than those after 3 days of consecutive treatment. Relative changes in mEH and rGST mRNA levels were consistent with those in the proteins, as assessed by Western immunoblot analysis. Hepatic cytochrom P450 levels were monitored after BIT treatment under the assumption that metabolic activation of BIT may affect expression of the enzymes in conjunction with hepatotoxicity. Immunoblot analysis revealed that cytochrome P450 2B1/2 were 3-to 4-fold induced in rats teatd with BIT(1.17 mmol/kg/day.3days), whereas P450 1A2, 2C11 and 3A1/2 levels were decreased to 20~30% of those in unteatd rats. P450 2E1 was only slightly decreased by BIT. Thus, the levels of several cytochrome P450s were suppressed by BIT treatment. Rats treated with BIT at the dose of 1.17mmol/kg for 3 days exhibited extensive multifocal nodular necrosis with moderate to extensive diffuse liver cell degeneration. No notable toxicity was observed in the kidney. These results showed that BIT induces mEH and rGSTs in the liver with increases in the mRNA levels, whereas the agent significantly decreased major cytochrome P450s. The changes in the detoxifying enzymes might be associated with the necrotic liver after consecutive treatment.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.551-560
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• 2023

In this paper we consider a more general class of centralizers called I-centralizers. More precisely, given a prime ideal P of an arbitrary ring R we establish a connection between certain algebraic identities involving a pair of P-left centralizers and the structure of the factor ring R/P.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2006

이 연구의 목적은 $ProTaper\^{(R)}$ S1과 3가지 종류의 파일을 각각 같이 사용하는 혼합법의 근관성형 효율을 비교해 보는 것이다. 5년 이상의 임상경력을 가진 치과의사 20명이 Ni-Ti파일 경험자군과 비경험자군으로 나뉘어, $ProTaper\^{(R)}$만을 사용한 C군과 $ProTaper\^{(R)}$ S1과 함께 세 종류의 파일 시스템- $ProFile\^{(R)}$ (P군), $HeroShaper\^{(R)}$ (H군), $K-Flexofile\^{(R)}$ (S군)을 혼합 적용하여, 각각의 방법으로 레진 근관을 성형하였다. 성형 전후 이미지를 중첩 시켜 근관형태 이상을 조사하고, 근단공부터 1, 2, 3mm 위치에서 근관 폭경의 변화량, 중심 변위율을 산출, 비교하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. C군과 S군 모두 다른 실험군에 비해 성형시간이 많이 소요되었다. 경험자군에 비해 비경험자군에서는 C군과 H군에서 더 많은 시간이 소요되었다 P군의 중심변위율은 $ProTaper\^{(R)}$만을 사용한 C군이나 SS파일을 사용한 S군보다 양호하였다. 마찬가지로, 경험자군의 경우에서는 P군에 추가하여 H군도 더 나은 결과를 보였다 (p<0.05). 이 실험 조건하에, $ProFile\^{(R)}$과 $HeroShaper\^{(R)}$를 사용한 혼합법이 $ProTaper\^{(R)}$만을 사용한 성형방법보다 더욱 추천된다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.212-224
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• 2020

Purpose: miR-205 is a tumor suppressor and plays an important role in tumor invasiveness. However, the role of miR-205 in human gastric cancer (GC) epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of miR-205 in the regulation of EMT in GC invasion. Materials and Methods: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-205 in GC. Further, the correlation between the pathological parameters and prognosis of GC was statistically analyzed. A transwell model was used to evaluate the effect of miR-205-3p on the invasion and migration of GC cells. qPCR, western blotting, and luciferase assay were performed to analyze the relationship and target effects between miR-205-3p and the expression of zinc finger electron box binding homologous box 1 (ZEB1) and 2 (ZEB2). Results: We found that the levels of miR-205-3p were significantly lower (P<0.05) in GC tissues than in matched normal tissues. Additionally, the expression of miR-205-3p was related to the tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, lymph node invasion, and tumor, node, metastasis stage. Patients with lower miR-205-3p expression levels in the tumors had a poorer prognosis. The in vitro assays indicated that miR-205-3p could affect the invasion ability and EMT of GC cells by targeting the expression of both ZEB1 and ZEB2. Conclusions: miR-205-3p promotes GC progression and affects the prognosis of patients by targeting both ZEB1 and ZEB2 to directly influence EMT.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.1441-1462
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• 2018

In this paper, we investigate the fractional p&q-Kirchhoff type system $$\{M_1([u]^p_{s,p})(-{\Delta})^s_pu+V_1(x){\mid}u{\mid}^{p-2}u\\{\hfill{10}}={\ell}k^{-1}F_u(x,\;u,\;v)+{\lambda}{\alpha}(x){\mid}u{\mid}^{m-2}u,\;x{\in}{\Omega}\\M_2([u]^q_{s,q})(-{\Delta})^s_qv+V_2(x){\mid}v{\mid}^{q-2}v\\{\hfill{10}}={\ell}k^{-1}F_v(x,u,v)+{\mu}{\alpha}(x){\mid}v{\mid}^{m-2}v,\;x{\in}{\Omega},\\u=v=0,\;x{\in}{\partial}{\Omega},$$ where ${\Omega}{\subset}{\mathbb{R}}^N$ is an unbounded domain with smooth boundary ${\partial}{\Omega}$, and $0<s<1<p{\leq}q$ and sq < N, ${\lambda},{\mu}>0$, $1<m{\leq}k<p^*_s$, ${\ell}{\in}R$, while $[u]^t_{s,t}$ denotes the Gagliardo semi-norm given in (1.2) below. $V_1(x)$, $V_2(x)$, $a(x):{\mathbb{R}}^N{\rightarrow}(0,\;{\infty})$ are three positive weights, $M_1$, $M_2$ are continuous and positive functions in ${\mathbb{R}}^+$. Using variational methods, we prove existence of infinitely many high-energy solutions for the above system.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.254-270
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• 2002

This descriptive correlational study was conducted to identify the variables related to a health promoting lifestyle in women student of high school. 286 students were selected by a convenience sampling method. The data were collected by self - reported questionnaires from 10 to July 13, 2002. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression with SPSS program. The result of this study were as follows: 1. The average score of health promoting behavior was 2.46 of a 4 point scale. Sanitary life(3.05), interpersonal support(2.80), alcohol & smoking(2.79) Self actualization(2.76), habit of meal(2.52), rest & sleeping(2.33) regulation of meal(2.30) stress management(2.05), health responsibility(1.91) were also analyzed. 2. Health promoting lifestyle showed significant positive correlations with self-esteem (r=0.446, p<0.00l), life orientation test(r=.493, P<0.0l) and score(F=6.157, P=0.002) 3. Perceived health state showed significant correlation with alcohol & smoking subscale(r=-.134, P<0.05) of health promoting lifestyle. Self-esteem showed significant correlation with total health promoting lifestyle(r=.538, P<0.01), and showed significant correlation self-actualization subscale(r=.657, P<0.01) health responsibility subscale (r=.272, P<0.01), food regulation subscale(r=.126, P<0.05), interpersonal relationship subscale (r=.468, P<0.0l), stress management subscale(r=.349, P<0.01) sanitary life subscale (r=.282, P<0.01) sleep & rest subscale(r=.123, P<0.05). Life orientation test showed significant correlation with total health promoting lifestyle(r=.493, p<0.01), self­actualization subscale(r=.643, p<0.01) health responsibility subscale(r=.192, P<0.0l), habit of meal subscale(r=.215, p<0.01), interpersonal relationship subscale(r=.423, p<0.01), stress management subscale(r=.345, p<0.01) sanitary life subscale(r=.191, p<0.01) sleep & rest subscale(r=.137, P<0.05). Stress response showed significant correlation with sleep & rest subscale(r=-.137, P<0.05) of health promoting lifestyle. 4. The combination of self-esteem. life orientation test explained $33.2\%$ of the variance in health promoting lifestyle. On the basis of the above findings. self-esteem and Life Orientation Test were identified as the variables which explained most of Pender's health promoting model. Nursing strategies enhancing self-esteem and Life Orientation Test which have a more significant effect on health promoting lifestyles should be developed.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.837-851
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• 2021

Let R ⊆ L ⊆ S be ring extensions. Two star operations ${\ast}_1{\in}Star(R,S)$, ${\ast}_2{\in}Star(L,S)$ are said to be linked if whenever $A^{{\ast}_1}= R^{{\ast}_1}$ for some finitely generated S-regular R-submodule A of S, then $(AL)^{{\ast}_2}=L^{{\ast}_2}$. We study properties of linked star operations; especially when ${\ast}_1$ and ${\ast}_2$ are strict star operations. We introduce the notion of Prüfer star multiplication extension ($P{\ast}ME$) and we show that under appropriate conditions, if the extension R ⊆ S is $P{\ast}_1ME$ and ${\ast}_1$ is linked to ${\ast}_2$, then L ⊆ S is $P{\ast}_2ME$.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2014

합병증으로 당뇨병성 족부질환을 가진 환자와 그렇지 않은 당뇨병 환자에서 DFS를 조사하고 이것이 생활습관, 식습관 및 당뇨병 자가 관리와 상관관계가 있는지 규명하고자 하였다. 1) 당뇨병성 족부질환군 69명(남/녀 48/21)과 일반당뇨군 59명(남/녀 33/26)으로 구성되었고, 당뇨병성 족부질환군이 일반당뇨군에 비해 당뇨병 유별기간이 유의적으로 길었으며(각각 $17.3{\pm}11.0$년, $11.3{\pm}9.46$년, p<0.01), 연령이 유의적으로 낮았고(각각 $51.2{\pm}11.6$세, $64.2{\pm}12.6$세, p<0.01), 기혼자의 비율이 유의적으로 낮았다 (p<0.05). 2) 당뇨병성 족부질환군은 일반당뇨군에 비해 부정적인 식사 특히, 패스트푸드, 배달음식, 인스턴트식품 및 편의점 음식의 섭취 빈도가 유의적으로 높은 반면(각각 $1.37{\pm}1.02$일/주와 $0.91{\pm}0.85$일/주, p<0.01), 긍정적인 식사 빈도와(각각 $2.74{\pm}1.76$일/주와 $3.61{\pm}2.05$일/주, p<0.01), 발 관리, 특히 발 씻기와 씻은 후 말리기의 빈도는 유의적으로 낮았다(각각 $4.61{\pm}1.97$일/주와 $5.53{\pm}2.22$ 일/주, p<0.05). 3) 12 항목으로 된 DFS의 Chronbach's ${\alpha}$는 당뇨병성 족부질환군에서 0.614로 매우 낮고, 자아효능감 관련 하부 영역의 세 항목은 제거되었을 때 내적일치도가 증가하였다. 따라서 당뇨병의 자가관리를 예측하는 인자로서 DFS의 유용성은 적어도 당뇨병성 족부질환 환자에서, 현재 12 항목의 DFS 도구로는 제한적임을 시사한다. 4) 당뇨병성 족부질환 합병증이 없는 일반당뇨군의 경우 12 항목 DFS는 Chronbach's ${\alpha}$가 0.869로 높고, 음주(r=0.247, p=0.059)와 부정적인 식사(r=0.241, p=0.066)와는 양의 상관관계가, 긍정적인 식사(r=-0.227, p=0.083)와는 음의 상관관계의 경향이 있었다. 자아효능감과 관련된 DFS와의 양의 상관관계는 음주(r=0.257, p<0.05), 흡연(r=0.350, p<0.01) 및 부정적 식습관(r=0.295, p<0.05)과 유의적이었고, 운동 (r=-0.224, p<0.088) 및 발 관리(r=-0.247, p<0.059)와는 경향이 있었다. 따라서 DFS는 적어도 당뇨병성 족부질환이 없는 환자의 경우에 특히 자아효능감 관련 항목에서 생활습관, 식습관 및 발 관리 충실도를 예측할 수 있는 도구로서의 잠재적 유용성을 있음을 제시한다. 본 연구에서는 당뇨병성 족부질환으로 족부 절단 위험에 처한 당뇨 환자가 그렇지 않은 당뇨 환자에 비해 식생활이 바람직하지 못할 뿐 아니라 발 관리가 잘 되고 있지 않음을 보여주어 비록 그 인과관계가 밝혀지지는 못했지만 당뇨병성 족부질환의 예방과 관리에서 당뇨 환자를 위한 식생활과 발관리 교육의 중요성이 확인되었다. 또한 이 연구는 우리나라에서 당뇨환자의 생활습관, 식습관 및 당뇨 자가관리를 예상할 수 있는 척도로서 미국에서 최근 개발된 DFS가 사용될 수 있는지 알아보는 첫 시도로 의미가 있는데 연구 결과는 종교, 당뇨병 형태, 심각한 합병증 유무에 따른 당뇨병 환자군별로 그 유용성을 규명할 필요성을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.152-156
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• 2003

Through enrichment on two nutrient agars, 57 Thermus isolates were recovered from 15 hot spring samples taken from the Rehai geothermal area, Tengchong, China. Unique growth characteristics were observed when the strains were transferred from YIM14 medium to Thermus medium. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 16S rDNA sequences of the isolates and clones from the Rehai geothermal area farmed a monophyletic group on the phylogenetic tree. A secondary structure comparison showed that their 16S rRNAs have unique secondary structure characteristics.