• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.593-597
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• 2010

This study investigated the properties and antioxidative activities of phenolic acid concentrates of rice bran. Rice bran contains bioactive substances such as phenolic compounds, which can provide health benefits as natural antioxidants. This study examined how levels of phenolic acids can be obtained efficiently through various extraction methods. The extractions of defatted rice bran were followed by using ethylacetate (RBE-I), ethylacetate after alkaline hydrolysis (RBE-II), and 80% methanol (RBE-III). For all extracts, yields (%), total polyphenol contents (TPC), various phenolic acids and antioxidative activities were estimated. RBE-II had the highest total polyphenol contents (526.72 mg/100 g rice bran) and showed high antioxidative activity (74.7%). To concentrate the phenolic acids, RBE-II was passed through Sep-pak $C_{18}$ Vac cartridge and F1-RBE-II was collected by the elution of 50% methanol. The total phenolic content of F1-RBE-II (736.8 mg/100 g rice bran) was higher than that of RBE-II (367.1 mg/100 g rice bran), and the ratios of ferulic acid (73%) and sinapic acid (14%) increased. As RBE-II was analysed by HPLC, 6 different phenolic acids were found via chromatography, whereas F1-RBE-II showed 5 different peaks and the major phenolic acid was identified as ferulic acid. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of F1-RBE-II was the highest among the rice bran extracts. In a ${\beta}$-carotene-linoleic acid model system, linoleic acid oxidation was reduced by F1-RBE-II (73%) and RBE-II (35%).

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.503-526
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• 2010

We investigated the brain activity in perceiving the emotional stimuli between a science invention group(n=13) and a general group(n=13). The science invention group, which mostly consisted of recipients of creativity prizes, scored 96% on creative personality tests(WKOPAY, SAM), whereas the general group performed at an average level on these tests. Analyzing the brain activity in perceiving the emotional stimuli(IAPS pictures), the science invention group than the general group showed higher activity in certain areas, such as MTG, STG, and so on. When correlation analysis was performed on the creative personality score and brain activity, MTG, STG, and so on areas showed significant correlations. There were more correlation areas in valence than in arousal. These results show that scientific creativity is related to emotional susceptibility. Thus, we insist that emotion be considered in the assessment and education programs for the gifted in science.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• 제104권4호
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• pp.519-526
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• 2015

This study was investigated to analyze stand structure in Daegu Dodong T.orientalis Forest for conservation Thuja orientalis forest. Results of cluster analysis, it was classified to Quercus variabilis group(A), Quercus variabilis-Quercus mongolica group(B), Pinus densiflora group(C), Thuja orientalis group(D). Charaters of location environments for D group were analyzed that altitude 99.3 m, slope $59^{\circ}$, rock exposure 68.3%, BHA $21.8m^2/ha$ and North West aspects. The MRPP-test, It classified groups, appropriately. Importance value of D group was T. orientalis 85.42, Q. variabilis 1.28, P.densiflora 1.30, Fraxinus rhynchophylla 3.56 etc. DBH classes of D group were expressed inverted-J-shaped curve. H' was resulted in 0.600~0.834, H'max 1.317~1.466, J' 0.456~0.594, D' 0.405~0.544. Indecator species Analysis were conducted that woody plants were 4 taxa, Herbal plants 9 taxa.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.518-526
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• 2005

Hwanggumgung (HGG) is a hair-care product which is composed of several plant extracts used in oriental medicine. This study was carried out to investigate effect of HGG on hair regrowth in a shaving model of C57BL6 mice. Five-week-old mice were acclimated for 1 week under 23$\pm$3$^{\circ}C$, 50$\pm10\%$ relative humidity and 12 h of a light/dark cycle before beginning experiment. There were four experimental groups including distilled water (D.W., control), 10$\%$ ethanol (EtOH, vehicle control), a positive control of 3$\%$ minoxidil (MXD), and HGG for female and male mice, respectively; Six-weeks old mice were trimmed by electric clippers so as not to damage the skin. The next day; mice without visible scraches were selected, randomized and separated in groups of 11 mice. The test compounds were topically treated with 0.15ml per mouse per day for 21 days. The hair regrowth was photographically and histologically determined during the experimental period of 21 days. Enzyme activities of $\gamma$-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase were also determined using a rate assay method. There were no clinical signs in all experimental groups. The topical application of 3$\%$ MXD and HGG in female mice promoted hair regrowth earlier and faster than the control groups. In male mice, the topical application of 3$\%$ MXD and HGG also accelerated hair growth compared with the controls. Ten percent ethanol also promoted hair growth faster than D.W group. The histology of hair growth in experimental groups was strongly associated with the hair regrowth. 3$\%$ MXD and HGG promoted elongation of hair follicles compared with the controls in both female and male mice. Activities of alkaline phosphatase and $\gamma$-glutamyl transpeptidase, enzymes related to hair growth, significantly increased after treatments of 3$\%$ MXD and HGG for 2 weeks in both female and male mice (p < 0.05). These results suggest that HGG has hair growth promoting activities and it can be for treatment for alopecia.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.526-546
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• 2001

Fiber-reinforced composite(FRC) was developed as a structural component for dental appliances such as prosthodontic framework. FRC provides the potential for fabrication of a metal-free, excellent esthetic prostheses. It has demonstrated success as a result of its simple fabrication, natural colour, and marginal integrity, and fracture resistance of veneering composite resin and the FRC material. Although it has lots of merits, clinical and objective data are insufficient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength and the marginal fitness of fiber reinforced composite bridge in the posterior region for clinical application. Sixteen bridges of each group. $Targis/Vectris^{(R)}$, $Sculpture-Fibrekor^{(R)}$, and In-Ceram, were fabricated. All specimens were cemented with Panavia 21 to the master dies. Strength evaluation was accomplished by a universal testing machine (Instron). The marginal fitness was measured by using the stereoscope (${\times}50$). The results were as follows. : 1. The fracture strength according to the materials was significantly decreased in order In-Ceram($238.81{\pm}82$), Targis Vectris($176.25{\pm}18.93$), Sculpture-Fibrekor($120.35{\pm}20.08$) bridges. 2. FRC resin bridges were not completely fractured, while In-Ceram bridges were completely fractured in the pontic joint. 3. The marginal accuracy was significantly decreased in order Targis/Vectris ($60.71{\mu}m$), Sculpture-Fibrekor($73.10{\mu}m$) In-ceram Bridge ($83.81{\mu}m$). 4. The fitness of occlusal sites had a lower value than the marginal sites(P<0.001), and the marginal gaps of inner site of the pontic were greater than that of outer sites of the pontic. Fiber reinforced composite bridges are new, esthetic prosthesis and can be clinically used in anterior regions and short span bridges. However, caution must be exercised when extrapolating laboratory data to the clinical situation because there are no long term clinical data regarding the overall success of the FRC.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.517-526
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• 2011

The physical properties of dough with different levels (2, 4, 6, and 8%) of bamboo leaf powder were inverstigated. The bamboo leaf powder had a moisture content of 5.15%, a crude protein content of 10.48%, a crude fat content of 5.21%, a crude fiber content of 22.74%, and a crude ash content of 17.63%. The following parameters showed significant differences with the increase in the amount of bamboo leaf powder added. The gelatinization degree measured by a rapid visco-analyzer increased with the increase in the powder amount added. In the values of the farinogram parameter for dough consistency, the elasticity of the dough increased with the increase in the powder amount added. The alveogram values showed a similar tendency as those of the farinogram in terms of elasticity, absorption rate, absorption time and stability. In the rheofermentometer analysis, the volume decreased with the increase in the powder amount added, but no significant difference was found at up to 4% powder amount addition, suggesting that the about 2% and up to 4% powder amount addition is moderate.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Soil incorporation of green manure crop(GMC) and liquid pig manure(LPM) is one of the methods for reduction of chemical fertilizer and the increase of crop yield. The objective of this study was to select optimal incorporation time of GMCs on growth and nutrient property in paddy soil treated LPM. METHODS AND RESULTS: The kinds of GMCs were Hordeum vulgare L.(green barley, GB) and Vicia villosa roth(hairy vetch, HV). The effects of GMCs on rice yield were investigated under different incorporation times of GMCs(LPM1: at 25 days before rice transplantation, LPM2: at 18 days before rice transplantation, LPM3: at 11 days before rice transplantation). In GB treatments, the biomass was greater in the order of $$LPM3{\geq_-}LPM2{\geq_-}LPM1$$. Contents of N, P and K ranged 1.21~1.28, 0.36~0.38 and 1.41~1.45%, respectively, regardless of incorporation times. The amounts of nutrient supply in GB treatments were higher in LPM1 than those in other treatment conditions. In GB treatments, rice yields in LPM1, LPM2 and LPM3 were 523, 525 and 526(increasing yield 3% than control) kg/10a, respectively. In HV treatments, the amounts of nutrient supply were higher in the order of $$LPM3{\geq_-}LPM2{\geq_-}LPM1$$. Rice yields were 530 kg/10a for LPM1, 531 kg/10a for LPM2, 535 (increasing yield 5% than control) kg/10a for LPM3 in HV treatments, respectively. CONCLUSION(s): The optimum incorporation time of green barley and hairy vetch was at 11 days before rice transplantation(LPM3) in paddy soil with liquid pig manure.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권12호
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• pp.1340-1347
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• 2006

Purpose : The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of polymorphic cytosine adenine (CA) repeat of the IGF-I gene in the age-related alterations of serum IGF-I levels in healthy children. Methods : Two hundred and forty three normal healthy children (136 boys; 107 girls) aged between 7 and 15 years were enrolled in the present study. The primers were designed to cover the promoter regions containing the polymorphic CA repeat. Data were analyzed using GeneMapper software, version 3.7. All analyses were performed using MEDCALC software packages. Results: Deletion of 2 bp (G, A) following 3' of CA repeat were observed in all Korean children. The CA repeat sequences ranged from 17 to 23, and 19 CA repeat were the most common with an alleles frequency of 39.3 percent. Considering genotypes, 63.8 percent of subjects were homozygote or heterozygote for 19 CA repeat (192 bp allele), suggesting that this is wild type allele from which all other alleles originated in Korean children. Homozygote for 19 CA repeat were 14.7 percent, heterozygote for 19 CA repeat was 49.1 percent and 19 CA noncarriers totalled 36.2 percent. In 19 CA repeat noncarriers, the mean height, weight and serum IGF-I level were lower compared with those of 19 CA homozygous carriers, but statistically not significant. Correlations between serum IGF-I level and age according to the IGF-I genotypes revealed statistically significant relationships in the all groups, in the 19 CA repeat carrier group and, even in the noncarrier group. Conclusions : There were no significant differences of the mean height, weight and serum IGF-I levels among three different genotype groups. Also, there were no significantly different correlations between 19 CA repeat polymorphisms and serum IGF-I levels, according to genotype. Our results suggest that the IGF-I 19 CA repeat gene polymorphism is not associated with circulating IGF-I levels in healthy children.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.130-142
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• 2007

This study was to examine impacts of turbid water on fish community in the downstream of Yongdam Dam during the period from June to October 2006. For the research, we selected six sampling sites in the field: two sites were controls with no influences of turbid water from the dam and other remaining four sites were the stations for an assessment of potential turbid effects. We evaluated integrative health conditions throughout applications of various models such as necropsy-based fish health assessment model (FHA), Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) using fish assemblages, and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI). Laboratory tests on fish exposure under 400 NTU were performed to find out impact of turbid water using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results showed that fine solid particles were clogging in the gill in the treatments, while particles were not found in the control. This results indicate that when inorganic turbidity increases abruptedly, fish may have a mechanical abrasion or respiratory blocking. The stream health condition, based on the IBI values, ranged between 38 and 48 (average: 42), indicating a "excellent" or "good" condition after the criteria of US EPA (1993). In the mean time, physical habitat condition, based on the QHEI, ranged 97 to 187 (average 154), indicating a "suboptimal condition". These biological outcomes were compared with chemical dataset: IBI values were more correlated (r=0.526, p<0.05, n=18) with QHEI rather than chemical water quality, based on turbidity (r=0.260, p>0.05, n=18). Analysis of the FHA showed that the individual health indicated "excellent condition", while QHEI showed no habitat disturbances (especially bottom substrate and embeddeness), food-web, and spawning place. Consequently, we concluded that the ecological health in downstream of Yongdam Dam was not impacted by the turbid water.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2005

The purpose of this Study was to investigate the prevalence rate of idiopathic scoliosis to the students from the elementary to the university in S city of Chung-Nam using 100 mm Mirror Camera radiation indirect examination units, with on age range of between eight and thirteen (1.526 subjects), fourteen and sixteen (462 subjects), seventeen and eighteen (291 subjects), nineteen and twenty four(508 subjects) and total of 2,787 participants with the 590 male subjects and 2,197 female subjects. The results of this study can be summarized and compared the primary examination with the secondary test of greater than $10^{\circ}$of Cobb's Angle were obtained as follows; 1. Indirect Examination were conducted to find idiopathic scoliosis amomg total 2.787 subjects, 257 subjects (9.2%) who showed positive sign greater than $10^{\circ}$in the Cobb's Angle ; below age of thirteen (132 subjects), between fourteen and sixteen (52 subjects), seventeen and eighteen (35 subjects), nineteen and twenty four (38 subjects). The $x^2-test$ analysis of Indirect Examination showed no statistical significant difference association between the age range and $10^{\circ}$Cobb's Angle of spinal curve(P>0.059). 2. The numbers of idiopathic scoliosis of greater than $10^{\circ}$Cobb's Angle of spinal curve in the primary examination were observed in 147 subjects (57.2%) at the Thoracolumbar region, 81subjects (31.5%) at the Thoracic region, 20 subjects (7.8%) at the Cervicothoracic region, 7 subjects (2.7%) at the Lumbar region, 2 subjects (0.8%) at the Cervical region. So, the large numbers were Thoracolumbar region, 183 participants (71.2%) showed the right side curve of scoliosis and 74 participant (28.8%) showed the left side curve of scoliosis. 3. The main region of the pain in one's own self more than $10^{\circ}$ Cobb's angle of spinal curve were no pain 219 subjects (85.2%), 18 subjects (7.0%) at the Lumbar region, 9 subjects (3.5%) at the Cervical region, 7 subjects (2.7%) at the Thoracic region, 2 subjects (0.7%) at the shoulder girdle region, 1 subjects (0.39%) at the pelvis and whole body region. There was statistical significant difference association between the Cobb's Angle of spinal curve and the main pain region of one's (P<0.006). This study may be significant to an early stage investigate of the prevalence rate of idiopathic scoliosis in the juveniles using 100 mm Mirror Camera radiation indirect examination units. The results of this study help that the students in a stage on growth the basis of data early discovery and therapy of idiopathic scoliosis.