• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.259-262
• /
• 2016

The content analysis of fatty acids in Perilla cultivars and commercial oils is conducted through gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Results show that Perilla cultivars, such as Deulsaem and Daesil, contain high amounts of ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid (262.22 and 261.97 mg/g, respectively). Among commercial oils, Perilla oil contains a higher amount of ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid (515.20 mg/g). Accordingly, ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid is a major fatty acid of Perilla cultivars and oil. Therefore, Perilla cultivars could be used as a food supplement for nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2014

There have not been many studies conducted on the seedling production, especially in plug trays, of traditional medicinal plant species. In an effort to establish guide lines for seedling production, this study investigated the effect of plug cell size on the growth and development of plug seedling of three medicinal plant species. Seeds were sown in either 128, 200, or 288-cell plug trays, containing a commercial medium. Growth and development of individual seedling was generally promoted with increasing size of a plug cell in all of the three species. The greatest biomass of the seedlings gained in a plug tray was obtained in the 288-cell trays in Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo and Sophora tonkinensis, and the 200-cell trays in Angelica gigas Nakai. Overall growth and development of the shoot and root of a single seedling of Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo, except total chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, was the greatest in the 128-cell tray. However, length of the longest root, length, width and area of the leaf, internode length, root fresh weight, and root ball formation in the 200- and 288-cell trays were not significantly different each other. In Sophora tonkinensis, although length of the longest root, stem diameter, leaf width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and root ball formation were not significantly different among the treatments, length of the longest root and root ball formation of a single seedling were the greatest in the 128-cell tray. Overall shoot and root growth, except total chlorophyll content, of a single seedling of Angelica gigas Nakai was the greatest in the 128-cell tray. Based on the total biomass, it is concluded that 288-cell trays are recommended for production of plug seedlings of medicinal plant species P. frutescens var. acuta Kudo and S. tonkinensis. In A. gigas Nakai, it would be more economical to use the 200-cell trays than 128-cell trays due to total biomass.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.85-88
• /
• 2015

This study attempted to establish an HPLC analysis method for determination of marker compounds as a part of material standardization for the development of health functional food materials from Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo. The quantitative determination method of rosmarinic acid as a marker compound of P. frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo extract (PFE) was optimized by HPLC analysis using a C18 column ($4.6{\times}150mm$, $5{\mu}m$) with 0.1% acetic acid as the elution gradient and methanol as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and detection wavelength of 280 nm. The HPLC/UV method was applied successfully to quantification of the marker compound in PFE after validation of the method with linearity, accuracy, and precision. The method showed high linearity in the calibration curve at a coefficient of correlation ($R^2$) of 0.9995, and the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were $0.36{\mu}g/mL$ and $1.2{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values of data from intra- and inter-day precision were less than 3.21% and 1.43%, respectively. Recovery rate test at rosmarinic acid concentrations of 12.5, 25 and $50{\mu}g/mL$ scored between 97.04~98.98% with RSD values from 0.25~1.97%. These results indicate that the established HPLC method is very useful for the determination of marker compound in PFE to develop a health functional material.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.311-316
• /
• 2011

Pepper powdery mildew causes increasingly economical damage due to increased cultivation of pepper in greenhouses. To assess resistance of pepper resources against pepper powdery mildew, we developed a novel evaluation formula for pepper resistance against powdery mildew. The evaluation formula named S index is as follows; (number of the highest disease leaf/top leaf number)-(number of the lowest disease leaf/top leaf number). Positive correlation (81%, P = 0.01) between S index and authentic disease leaf rate was observed from the pepper plants infected by powdery mildew. Various pepper species from our genetic resources were evaluated to identify pepper varieties conferring resistance against powdery mild using S-index. Capsicum frutescens accessions 3CA131 and C. baccatum accessions 3CA0162, 3CA174, 3CA176 showed high resistance to powdery mildew, but none of C. annuum was resistant. Results suggest that S-index proposed in this study is useful to assess resistance evaluation of powdery mildew in chili pepper breeding.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.900-905
• /
• 2001

In this study, the levels of insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) in Perilla frutescens seed were quantified and antimutageinc effects of perilla seeds extracts (method extract, hexane extract, methanol soluble fraction and dietary fiber)was carried out IDF and SDF values of perilla seeds were 16.1% and 1.1% , respectively, with 17.2 of total fiber content. Among the solvent extracts of perilla seeds, methanol extract and methanol soluble fraction (MSF) effectively inhibited the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B$_{1}$(AFB$_{1}$)in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, Methanol extract of perilla seeds showed 91% inhibition against AFB$_{1}$ mutagen under the 2.5 mg/assay concentration, and MSF inhibited the mutagenicity of 87% by adding 1.25,g/assay. However, perilla seed extracts showed low inhibition rate on the mutagenicity induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitosoguanidine(MNNG). And also, SDF and hexane extracts from perilla seeds did not show the antimutagenic effects against AFB$_{1}$ and MNNG. On the hand, IDF extracted from perilla seeds inhibited 21% of mutagenicity induced Trp-P-2 due to the carcinogen binding effect.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.510-516
• /
• 2016

Isoegomaketone (IK) was isolated from Perilla frutescens, which has been widely used as a food in Asian cuisine, and evaluated for its biological activity. We have already confirmed that IK induced the HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation in RAW264.7 cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of IK on the mechanism of HO-1 expression. IK upregulated HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in a dose dependent manner. The level of HO-1 mRNA peaked at 4 h after $15{\mu}M$ IK treatment. To investigate the mechanisms of HO-1 expression modulation by IK, we used pharmacological inhibitors for the protein kinase C (PKC) family, PI3K, and p38 MAPK. IK-induced HO-1 mRNA expression was only suppressed by SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK. ROS scavengers (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC, and glutathione, GSH) also blocked the IK-induced ROS production and HO-1 expression. Furthermore, both NAC and SB203580 suppressed the IK-induced Nrf2 activation. In addition, ROS scavengers suppressed other oxidative enzymes such as catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and NADH quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) in IK-treated RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, it can be concluded that IK induced the HO-1 expression through the ROS/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in RAW264.7 cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2017

It has been known that RA, one of major constituents of Perilla frutescens which has been used as a traditional folk remedy for sedation in oriental countries, shows the anxiolytic-like and sedative effects. This study was performed to know whether RA may enhance pentobarbital-induced sleep through ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid $(GABA)_A-ergic$ systems in rodents. RA (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the locomotor activity in mice. RA decreased sleep latency and increased the total sleep time in pentobarbital (42 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced sleeping mice. RA also increased sleeping time and number of falling sleep mice after treatment with sub-hypnotic pentobarbital (28 mg/kg, i.p.). In electroencephalogram (EEG) recording, RA (2.0 mg/kg) not only decreased the counts of sleep/wake cycles and REM sleep, but also increased the total and NREM sleep in rats. The power density of NREM sleep showed the increase in ${\delta}-waves$ and the decrease in ${\alpha}-waves$. On the other hand, RA (0.1, 1.0 and $10{\mu}g/ml$) increased intracellular $Cl^-$ influx in the primary cultured hypothalamic cells of rats. RA (p.o.) increased the protein expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase ($GAD_{65/67}$) and $GABA_A$ receptors subunits except ${\beta}1$ subunit. In conclusion, RA augmented pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors through $GABA_A-ergic$ transmission. Thus, it is suggested that RA may be useful for the treatment of insomnia.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.241-248
• /
• 2013

This study was to compare the antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities of perilla (Perilla frutescens Britton) and sesame (Seasamum indicum L.) leaf extracts. The total polyphenol levels of sesame leaf ($634.7{\pm}1.2$ mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g dried leaf) were higher than those of perilla leaf ($408.7{\pm}4.6$ mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g dried leaf; p<0.001). The total flavonoid levels of sesame leaf ($166.7{\pm}17.3$ mg quercetin equivalent/100 g dried leaf) were also higher than those of perilla leaf ($108.2{\pm}3.7$ mg quercetin equivalent/100 g dried leaf; p<0.05). ABTS radical- and DPPH radical-scavenging activities of sesame leaf extracts (78.9% and 18.2%, respectively) were higher than those of perilla leaf extracts (46.0% and 9.0%, respectively; p<0.01). Both perilla and sesame leaf extracts significantly inhibited the growth of HCT116 human colon cancer cells. However, the inhibitory activities of sesame leaf extracts were more pronounced than those of perilla leaf extracts (p<0.001). These results indicate that sesame leaf extracts have higher antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities than perilla leaf extracts. More studies are needed in order to enhance the sensory value of sesame leaf and to develop sesame leaf as health/functional food ingredients.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.49 no.5
• /
• pp.517-523
• /
• 2016

The contents of functional components in the organically agricultural perilla leaves were compared with the perilla leaves grown in conventional condition. Perilla leaves used in the experiment were purchased or harvested from each three organic farm houses and conventional farm houses in Miryang city. The analyzed components included total phenol, total flavonoid, vitamin C, vitamin E, ${\beta}$-carotene, GABA, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, Total N, Zn, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, and P. Organically grown perilla leaves had vitamin E 49% greater than the conventional perilla leaves, and 21% for TN, 29% for Ca, and 73% for Mg, while conventionally grown perilla leaves contained K 16% higher than organic ones. Other components were not showed the differences.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.200-205
• /
• 2015

Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara was collected from farmland in Seongju-gun. Fifteen endophytic fungal strains with different colony morphologies were isolated from roots of P. frutescens. Waito-c rice seedlings were treated with the concentrated culture filtrates (CF) of endophytic fungi for observation of their plant growth-promoting activities. In the results, the CF of Y2H001 fungal strain promoted the growth of the waito-c rice seedlings. The phylogenetic tree of Y2H001 strain was analyzed by the combined sequences of the partial internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and partial betatubulin gene. Molecular and morphological studies identified the Y2H001 strain as belonging to Aspergillus flavus. In gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the CF of Y2H001 strain, gibberellic acid (GA) was detected and quantified. Therefore, we describe Y2H001 strain as a new $GA_3$-producing A. flavus based on morphological, molecular characteristics and analysis of secondary metabolite.