• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2013

Perilla frutescens usually dieted in East Asian country such as Korea and Japan. Antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer activities of perilla leaves have been founded. In previous study, we confirmed that caffeic acid, major compound of perilla, was accumulation by sucrose aqueous solution and thus antioxidant effect of perilla was enhanced. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of functional perilla leaves extract (PLE) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide(t-BHP) induced-oxidative hepatotoxicity. The pretreatment with PLE (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w.) for 5 days before a single dose of t-BHP (i.p.; 0.5 mmol/kg) significantly lowered the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase dose-dependently. And we confirmed that the indicators of oxidative stress were remarkably reduced in the liver, such as the glutathione contents and malondialdehyde, marker of lipid peroxidation. Pathological histology of the rat livers tissues showed that PLE reduced the hepatocyte degeneration and neutrophilic infiltration of liver induced by t-BHP. These results suggest that functional perilla frutescens has the protective effect of liver against t-BHP-induced oxidative hepatic stress in rats.

• ANNALS OF ANIMAL RESOURCE SCIENCES
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate the quality properties of sausages added with the atmospheric pressure plasma treated extract of Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo (red perilla). The lyophilized powder of red perilla extract treated by atmospheric-pressure plasma contained 7.5 g kg^-1 nitrite. Sausage samples were manufactured with the addition of sodium nitrite (Control), celery powder (Celery), or plasma-treated extract of red perilla (PTP) to obtain nitrite concentration of 70 mg kg^-1. The residual nitrite content was the lowest in PTP during storage for 21 days at 4℃ (p<0.05). The total aerobic bacteria counts were higher in PTP than in Control and Celery during storage at 4℃ (p<0.05). Malondialdehyde content of sausages was significantly lower in PTP than in Control and Celery during storage (p<0.05). PTP showed the lowest L^* value and the highest b^* value among the tested sausage samples during storage (p<0.05). PTP received the low scores in all the sensory properties of sausages because of its inherent color and flavor. The results suggested that the plasma-treated extract of red perilla was an unsuitable natural nitrite source for cured meat products because of its adverse effect on sensory quality. However, natural nitrite source with increased nitrite content can be produced by the treatment of the natural plant extract with atmospheric-pressure plasma.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of raw (P) and roasted (RP) Perilla frutescens Britton (perilla) seeds in RAW 264.7 macrophages and an ulcerative colitis mouse model. In lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells, treatment with ethanol extract of P at the concentrations of 75 and $150{\mu}g/mL$ decreased nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) levels to 48-85% of the control (p<0.01). Treatment with RP extract exhibited similar effects on NO, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$, decreasing those levels to 51-84% of the control (p<0.01). In dextran sulfate sodium-treated ulcerative colitis mice, dietary treatment with 1% RP for 7 days decreased the colonic levels of prostaglandin $E_2$ and leukotriene $B_4$ to 34% and 58% of the control, respectively (p<0.05). Dietary P treatment, however, did not decrease those levels significantly. These results indicate that roasted perilla seed exerts anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 1996

Characterization of Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in Perillae Folium, particullarly inhibitor studies were investigated. This enzyme was stable at pH 5.0 and the residual activity of PPO at ${\geq}$ ph 5.5 was estimated to be very low. PPO activity was decreased slightly by adding amino acid with catechol as a substrate, particullary PPO activity was inhibited markedly by cystein, histidine, lysine and arginine. In the absorption spectra of the product formed when catechol was oxidized by PPO, with a ${\lambda}_{max}$ at 410nm, the peak shifted toward ${\lambda}_{max}$ 520nm by addition of L-proline. At relatively low concentrations($10^{-3}M$), sulfite and dithiothreithol completely inhibited PPO activity. Inhibition of PPO activity by amino acids and inhibitors increased or decreased depending on the pH used to measure it.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.266-273
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• 2007

This study was conducted to examine the antimicrobial activity of Perilla frutescens var. acuta leaf fractions extracted with a mixture of ethanol and water. The Ca and Mg contents of the leaf were 595.75 mg% and 467.0 mg%, respectively, and they were the highest among all of the test minerals. The extract yield increased w e content of water in e extraction solvent. Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in the 50,70 and 95% ethanol extracts. Of the various fractions extracted from the mixture of ethanol and water, the ethyl acetate fraction showed antibacterial activity against all microorganisms tested in this experiment, and the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction from the water extract was the strongest. The phenol and flavonoid content in the ethyl acetate fraction showed no correlation with the concentration of ethanol in the extract solvent; however, their contents were higher in the 30% ethanol and water extraction which the antimicrobial activity of the extract was the strongest.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.192-196
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• 2001

Ethanol extracts from 36 vegetable samples were assayed for their growth-promoting effects on Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. longum, and Lactobacillus casei The growth-promoting effects varied according to bacterial strain and vegetable species. In modified Gy rgy broth, extracts of Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum and L escutentum var. cerasiforme exhibited strong growth-promoting responses toward B. longum, and significant and strong growth- promoting response toward B. bifidum was observed in extracts of Actinidia arguta, Allium cepa, A. sativum, Brassica campestris subsp. napus vats. pekinensis, Capsicum frutescens, Daucus carota var. sativa, L sativa, 1. esculentum and L. esculentum var. cerasforme, Nelumbo nucifera, Cucurbita moschata, Lackca sativa var. capitata, and Rubus coreanus. For L casei, extracts of A. fshlosum, A. hberosum, Cichorium intbus, Cucurbita moschat\ulcorner Ipomoea batatas, 1. sativa var. capitata, L. esculentum, P. brachycarpa, Raphanus sativus, R. coreanus, and S. melongena strongly enhanced the growth of this bacteria. In modified Gy rgy broth, the promoting effect was most pronounced with B. bifidum and L. casei among lactic acid bacteria used. In MRS broth, A. arguta, A. cepa, A. sativum, B. campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis, C. frutescens, and D. carota var. sativa L. satiw var. capitata, and R. coreanus strongly enhanced the growth of B. bifidum, Growth of B. longum was strongly affected by the addition of extracts from L. sativa var. capitata. For L casei, moderate growth-promoting responses were observed in 9 vegetable extracts. The promoting effect in MRS broth was most pronounced with B. bifidum among lactic acid bacteria used.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.357-366
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• 2022

Biochar can be obtained by using various types of biomass under an oxygen-limited condition. Biochar can be utilized for various applications such as soil improvement, waste management, growth promotion, and adsorption. Wood vinegar is produced by the process of pyrolysis wood biomass and is used as a growth promoter, for soil improvement, and as a feed additive. When wood vinegar is treated on soil, it acts to control soil pH, improve nutrient availability, and alleviate N₂O and NH₃ volatilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biochar and wood vinegar on the growth of perilla and soil quality. The experiment was conducted by using a Wagner pot (1·5,000 a^-1) in a glass greenhouse. The biochar was produced by pyrolysis at 450℃ for 30 minutes using rice husk and rice straw. Wood vinegar was diluted to 1 : 500 (v·v^-1) and used in this experiement. In the results of a cultivation experiment, co-application of biochar and wood vinegar enhanced the growth of perilla. In particular, rice husk biochar affected the leaves of the perilla, and rice straw biochar influenced the stems of the perilla. In addition, soil quality after treatment with biochar and wood vinegar applied together was highest compared to other units. Therefore, it is anticipated that co-application of biochar and wood vinegar will be more productive and improve soil quality compared to individual utilization of biochar and wood vinegar.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1605-1610
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• 2012

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of red pepper (Capsicum frutescens) powder or red pepper pigment on the performance and egg yolk color of laying hens. In Exp. 1, 210, thirty-wk old, Hy-line Brown laying hens were fed one of seven diets containing 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.0, 4.8 or 9.6 ppm red pepper pigment or 0.3 ppm carophyll red. Each diet was fed to three replicate batteries of hens with each battery consisting of a row of five cages of hens with two hens per cage (n = 3). In Exp. 2, 180, thirty-wk old, Hyline Brown laying hens, housed similarly to those in Exp. 1, were fed an unsupplemented basal diet as well as treatments in which the basal diet was supplemented with 0.8% red pepper powder processed in a laboratory blender to an average particle size of $300{\mu}m$, 0.8% red pepper powder processed as a super fine powder with a vibrational mill ($44{\mu}m$) and finally 0.8% red pepper powder processed as a super fine powder with a vibrational mill but mixed with 5% $Na_2CO_3$ either before or after grinding. A diet supplemented with 0.3 ppm carophyll red pigment was also included (n = 3). In both experiments, hens were fed the red pepper powder or pigment for 14 days. After feeding of the powder or pigment was terminated, all hens were fed the basal diet for eight more days to determine if the dietary treatments had any residual effects. In Exp. 1, there were no differences in egg-laying performance, feed consumption or feed conversion ratio due to inclusion of red pepper pigment in the diet. Average egg weight was higher (p<0.05) for birds fed 1.2, 2.4 or 9.6 ppm red pepper pigment than for birds fed the diet containing 0.3 ppm red pepper pigment. On d 14, egg color scores increased linearly as the level of red pepper pigment in the diet increased. In Exp. 2, feeding red pepper powder did not affect egg-laying performance, feed consumption or feed conversion ratio (p>0.05). However, compared with the control group, supplementation with all of the red pepper powder treatments increased egg weight (p<0.05). All the red pepper powder treatments also increased (p<0.05) the yolk color score compared with the control. The results of the present study suggest that both red pepper powder and pigment are effective feed additives for improving egg yolk color for laying hens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 2021

The study was conducted to identify the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects in sprouts of mouse-eyed bean (Rhynchosia nulubilis), ginseng (Panax ginseng), perilla (Perilla frutescens), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown with organic germanium concentrate. Western blot analysis was performed to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract. All extracts exhibited noticeable anti-oxidant activity, indicating a significant correlation between the germanium content and anti-oxidant activity (p<0.05). In particular, rat-eyed bean sprouts with the highest germanium content showed significant anti-inflammatory activity (p<0.05) by significantly inhibiting the expression of the inflammatory complexes, NLRP3, cytokines IL-1β and caspase-1. Ginseng and broccoli sprouts showed strong anti-cancer properties and had high anti-oxidant effects (p<0.001). Germanium-concentrated water allows the mass production of agricultural products containing high concentrations of organic germanium. Agricultural produce grown with germanium concentrate add organic germanium to various physiological active ingredients, increasing the anti-oxidant and anti-cancer effects. These results strongly suggest that agricultural products containing high germanium concentrations can be used as novel health supplements to improve health.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.328-335
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• 1996

Effects of hydrogen peroxide$(H_2O_2)$ on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in Perillae Folium were investigated. The inactivation of this enzyme was dependent on $H_2O_2$ concentration. and the initial lag period was not shown. Preincubation of Perillae Folium PPO with $H_2O_2$ in the absence of a substrate resulted in rapid loss of enzymatic activity. The inactivation of PPO by $H_2O_2$ dependents temperature and pH. OH radical scavengers such as mannitol and sodium formate did not protect the enzyme against inactivation by $H_2O_2$. Substrate analogue such as phenylalanine protected the enzyme against inactivation by $H_2O_2$. and copper chelator such as sodium azide also protected the enzyme.