• 제목/요약/키워드: P-T path

검색결과 128건 처리시간 0.03초

WDM 망에서 QoS 제약 조건을 고려한 p-Cycle 적용 방안 (Adaptation of p-Cycle considering QoS Constraints in WDM Networks)

  • Shin, Sang-Heon;Shin, Hae-Joon;Kim, Young-Tak
    • 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.668-675
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    • 2003
  • 본 논문은 WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing) 망에서 서비스 품질에 따른 제약조건을 고려하였을 때 장애 복구에 적용될 수 있도록 개선된 p-cycle(preconfigured protection cycle) 기법을 제안한다. 기존의 p-cycle에서는 양방향으로 동일한 대역폭을 가지는 연결만을 고려하기 때문에 단방향 멀티캐스팅이나 양방향으로 서로 다른 대역폭을 사용하는 경우에는 적용하기 어려운 문제점이 있다. 또한 대체 경로의 서비스 품질은 고려하지 않으므로 장애 발생 시 대체 경로에서 서비스 품질을 만족시킬 수 없을 수 있다는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 단방향 멀티캐스팅이나 양방향 비대칭 대역폭을 사용하는 광대역 멀티미디어 통신에서 사용되는 단방향 연결의 장애복구를 효율적으로 구현할 수 있도록 P-cycle 기법을 개선하였다. 또한 장애복구를 위한 대체 경로의 P-Cycle에서 서비스 품질을 보장할 수 있도록 하기 위해서 P-cycle 선정을 위한 새로운 절차를 제안한다. 단방향 연결 개념을 사용한 P-cycle을 적용함으로서 비대칭적인 대역폭을 사용하는 통신환경에서 장애 복구를 위해 요구되는 대역폭을 줄일 수 있었으며, 제안된 p-cycle 선정 절차에 의해 구성된 대체 경로가 서비스 품질을 보장할 수 있는지의 여부를 시험하기 위해서 미국 시험망에 적용하고 그 결과를 분석하였다.

중소기업 환경에서의 합목적적 정보시스템 활용을 위한 최종사용자 피드백 탐색행위의 중요성 (Importance of End User's Feedback Seeking Behavior for Faithful Appropriation of Information Systems in Small and Medium Enterprises)

  • 신영미;이주량;이호근
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.61-95
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    • 2007
  • Small-and-medium sized enterprises(SMEs) represent quite a large proportion of the industry as a whole in terms of the number of enterprises or employees. However researches on information system so far have focused on large companies, probably because SMEs were not so active in introducing information systems as larger enterprises. SMEs are now increasingly bringing in information systems such as ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning Systems) and some of the companies already entered the stage of ongoing use. Accordingly, researches should deal with the use of information systems by SME s operating under different conditions from large companies. This study examined factors and mechanism inducing faithful appropriation of information systems, in particular integrative systems such as ERP, in view of individuals` active feedback-seeking behavior. There are three factors expected to affect end users` feedback-seeking behavior for faithful appropriation of information systems. They are management support, peer IT champ support, and IT staff support. The main focus of the study is on how these factors affect feedback-seeking behavior and whether the feedback-seeking behavior plays the role of mediator for realizing faithful appropriation of information systems by end users. To examine the research model and the hypotheses, this study employed an empirical method based on a field survey. The survey used measurements mostly employed and verified by previous researches, while some of the measurements had gone through minor modifications for the purpose of the study. The survey respondents are individual employees of SMEs that have been using ERP for one year or longer. To prevent common method bias, Task-Technology Fit items used as the control variable were made to be answered by different respondents. In total, 127 pairs of valid questionnaires were collected and used for the analysis. The PLS(Partial Least Squares) approach to structural equation modeling(PLS-Graph v.3.0) was used as our data analysis strategy because of its ability to model both formative and reflective latent constructs under small-and medium-size samples. The analysis shows Reliability, Construct Validity and Discriminant Validity are appropriate. The path analysis results are as follows; first, the more there is peer IT champ support, the more the end user is likely to show feedback-seeking behavior(path-coefficient=0.230, t=2.28, p<0.05). In other words, if colleagues proficient in information system use recognize the importance of their help, pass on what they have found to be an effective way of using the system or correct others' misuse, ordinary end users will be able to seek feedback on the faithfulness of their appropriation of information system without hesitation, because they know the convenience of getting help. Second, management support encourages ordinary end users to seek more feedback(path-coefficient=0.271, t=3.06, p<0.01) by affecting the end users' perceived value of feedback(path-coefficient=0.401, t=6.01, p<0.01). Management support is far more influential than other factors that when the management of an SME well understands the benefit of ERP, promotes its faithful appropriation and pays attention to employees' satisfaction with the system, employees will make deliberate efforts for faithful appropriation of the system. However, the third factor, IT staff support was found not to be conducive to feedback-seeking behavior from end users(path-coefficient=0.174, t=1.83). This is partly attributable to the fundamental reason that there is little support for end users from IT staff in SMEs. Even when IT staff provides support, end users may find it less important than that from coworkers more familiar with the end users' job. Meanwhile, the more end users seek feedback and attempt to find ways of faithful appropriation of information systems, the more likely the users will be able to deploy the system according to the purpose the system was originally meant for(path-coefficient=0.35, t=2.88, p<0.01). Finally, the mediation effect analysis confirmed the mediation effect of feedback-seeking behavior. By confirming the mediation effect of feedback-seeking behavior, this study draws attention to the importance of feedback-seeking behavior that has long been overlooked in research about information system use. This study also explores the factors that promote feedback-seeking behavior which in result could affect end user`s faithful appropriation of information systems. In addition, this study provides insight about which inducements or resources SMEs should offer to promote individual users' feedback-seeking behavior when formal and sufficient support from IT staff or an outside information system provider is hardly expected. As the study results show, under the business environment of SMEs, help from skilled colleagues and the management plays a critical role. Therefore, SMEs should seriously consider how to utilize skilled peer information system users, while the management should pay keen attention to end users and support them to make the most of information systems.

간호대학생의 혐오민감성, 임상실습스트레스, 회복력이 전문직 자아개념에 미치는 영향 (Factors Influencing Disgust Sensitivity, Clinical Practice Stress, and Resilience in Professional Self-Concept among Nursing Students)

  • 조정희;조옥희
    • 가정∙방문간호학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.301-309
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors affecting nursing students' professional self-concept. Methods: A survey was conducted from August to October 2022, targeting 110 students in the 3rd and 4th grades at three universities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression. Results: There were significant differences in professional self-concept according to application motivation (F=5.43, p=.006), school record (F=3.24, p=.043), major satisfaction (t=-6.38, p<.001), desired occupation (F=9.30, p<.001), participant health status (F=4.31, p=.016), character (F=25.29, p<.001), clinical practice satisfaction (t=-5.36, p<.001), and change of thinking about career path after clinical practice (t=2.78, p=.006). Professional self-concept showed significant correlations with clinical practice stress (r=-0.37, p<.001) and resilience (r=0.66, p<.001). The variables affecting nursing students' professional self-concept were resilience (β=.38, p<.001), character (β=.32, p<.001), major satisfaction (β=.28, p<.001), and clinical practice stress (β=-.18, p=.007); the explanatory power was 65%. Conclusion: A professional self-concept enhancement program should be developed to promote the establishment of a positive professional self-concept in nursing students. As a strategy, it should reflect individual personality tendencies, improve major satisfaction and resilience, and reduce clinical practice stress.

Comparison of apical extrusion of intracanal bacteria by various glide-path establishing systems: an in vitro study

  • Dagna, Alberto;El Abed, Rashid;Hussain, Sameeha;Abu-Tahun, Ibrahim H;Visai, Livia;Bertoglio, Federico;Bosco, Floriana;Beltrami, Riccardo;Poggio, Claudio;Kim, Hyeon-Cheol
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.316-323
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    • 2017
  • Objectives: This study compared the amount of apically extruded bacteria during the glide-path preparation by using multi-file and single-file glide-path establishing nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary systems. Materials and Methods: Sixty mandibular first molar teeth were used to prepare the test apparatus. They were decoronated, blocked into glass vials, sterilized in ethylene oxide gas, infected with a pure culture of Enterococcus faecalis, randomly assigned to 5 experimental groups, and then prepared using manual stainless-steel files (group KF) and glide-path establishing NiTi rotary files (group PF with PathFiles, group GF with G-Files, group PG with ProGlider, and group OG with One G). At the end of canal preparation, 0.01 mL NaCl solution was taken from the experimental vials. The suspension was plated on brain heart infusion agar and colonies of bacteria were counted, and the results were given as number of colony-forming units (CFU). Results: The manual instrumentation technique tested in group KF extruded the highest number of bacteria compared to the other 4 groups (p < 0.05). The 4 groups using rotary glide-path establishing instruments extruded similar amounts of bacteria. Conclusions: All glide-path establishment instrument systems tested caused a measurable apical extrusion of bacteria. The manual glide-path preparation showed the highest number of bacteria extruded compared to the other NiTi glide-path establishing instruments.

MANET 네트워크에서의 JXTA 기반의 P2P 통신 (JXTA based P2P communication in MANET Networks)

  • 정왕부;서현곤;김기형;손영호
    • 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국시뮬레이션학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.139-143
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    • 2005
  • The P2P is a network environment supporting data exchange which is directly connected peers without limit of existing server-client and intervening central server for resource or offered service with each peer. JXTA is a representative of P2P system. JXTA is a typical distributed computing model that proposed by Sun Microsystems. JXTA that doesn't require centralized services or resources is adaptable in extreme changes of network organization. MANET(Mobile Ad Hoc Network) is a representative wireless network that is composed of mobile nodes without infrastructure. So MANET establishes the path for the communication of each peers and maintains the newest routing information by exchanging routing information. In this paper, we propose a technique of JXTAMAUET which implements JXTA which is the P2P network system from the wireless network which is becoming the foundation of ubiquitous computing. For the performance evaluation of the JXTAMANET, we use simulation.

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LSI의 레이아웃 CAD에 있어서 2 -독립 경로 문제 (Two-Disjoint Path Problem in LSI Layout CAD)

  • 정대화
    • 대한전자공학회논문지
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.62-66
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    • 1982
  • LSI의 레이아웃 CAD 시스템에 있어서 미체선 신호면에 대한 초선가능성을 판정하고 그것을 수정·해결하는 것은 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 무향 그라프 G=(V, E)를 도입하여 2개의 절점 독립(vertex-disjoint)경로의 존재여부를 판정하는 알고리즘을 제안하고, 경로가 존재하는 경우는미결선 신호선을 해결하고, 존재하지 않는 경우는 해결할 수 없음을 보이는 방법을 제시하였다. 제안한 알고리즘의 시간 복잡도는 O(|VlxlEl)이다. A method finding out routability for unrouted signal lines and rerouting those which are turned out to be able to route in layout design of LSI is described. In this paper the problems of finding two-disjoint Paths represented by an undirected graph G=(V,E), where V,E are sets of vertices and edges respectively, are studied. The existence of two-disjoint paths from s1, to t1, (called P1) and from S2 to T2 (called P2) indicated by the four vertices on the graph s1, t1, s2, t2 ∈ V means that two distinct signal lines exist in layout design. It turns out that the proposed time complexity in the algorithm is O (IVI x IEI).

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호텔기업에 있어 구조조정상의 공정성 지각이 경영진의 신뢰, 직무만족 및 조직몰입에 미치는 영향 (The Impact of Justice of Layoff on Management Trust, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in the Hotel Corporations)

  • 김용순;안대희
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.115-139
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    • 2008
  • IMF이후 경쟁의 심화와 적대적인 경영환경에 효과적으로 대응하고자 많은 호텔기업들이 구조조정을 실시해오고 있다. 이러한 구조조정은 인력감축을 동반하기 때문에 구조조정 과정에서 공정성을 지각하는데, 인력감축에서 살아남은 생존자들이 인력감축의 절차나 실무에서 불공정성을 지각할 때 상사에 대한 신뢰감이나 조직유효성을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 호텔기업을 대상으로 구조조정 이후 살아남은 생존자를 대상으로 정리해고의 공정성 지각이 경영진의 신뢰, 직무만족 및 조직몰입에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 하는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 실증분석을 실시한 결과 잔류종업원들은 구조조정 과정에서 절차 공정성 및 분배 공정성을 높게 지각 할수록 경영진에 대한 신뢰감과 조직 몰입이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 구조조정 과정에서 절차 공정성을 높게 지각할수록 직무만족은 높아지는 것으로 나타났지만, 분배 공정성은 직무만족과는 인과관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 구조조정 과정에서의 경영진에 대한 신뢰감이 높아질수록 직무만족이나 조직몰입은 높아지는 것으로 나타났다.

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풍기지역 소백산편마암복합체의 백립암상 변성작용 -북부 소백산육괴의 지각진화와 환경지질- (Granulite facies metamorphism of the Punggi area in the Sobeaksan Gneiss Complex -Crustal evolution and environmental geology of the North Sobeagsan Massif, Korea-)

  • 권용완;신의철;오창환;김형식;강지훈
    • 암석학회지
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.183-202
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    • 1999
  • 풍기일대 솝개산편마암복합체는 미그마타이트질 편마암, 반상변정질 편마암, 석류석 화강암질 편마암 그리고 흑운모 화강암질 편마암이 주를 이룬다. 변성염기성암들이 부우딘 또는 포획암으로 존재하며 석류석-사방휘석 백립암이 소규모로 나타난다. 이 지역은 앰피볼라이트상의 변성작용을 받은 북서에서 백립암상의 변성작용을 받은 남동으로 갈수록 변성도가 점진적으로 증가한다. 앰피볼라이트상의 대표 광물조합은 흑운모-백운모-K장성-사장석$\pm$석류석$\pm$녹염석이며 앰피볼라이트-백립암상 전이대는 침상 또는 섬유상을 보이는 규선석의 생성이 특징적이다. 백립암상의 변성작용을 받은 지역에서 석류석-사방휘석 백립암은 석류석-사방휘석-흑운모-사장석의 광물조합을, 변성염기성암은 단사휘석-사장석$\pm$각섬석$\pm$사방휘석$\pm$석류석의 광물조합을, 미그마타이트질 편마암은 석류석-흑운모-규선석-근청석$\pm$스피넬의 광물조합을 각각 보인다. 백립암상 변성작용이후 후퇴변성작용에 의해 미그마타이트질 편마암은 스피넬, 강옥, 홍주석 등을 생성하며 변성염기성암은 단사휘석과 사장석의 접합부에서 얇은 띠상의 석류석을 생성한다. TWEEQU에 의해 계산된 최대 변성온도-압력은 미그마타이트질 편마암에서 $916^{\circ}C$/6.6kb이며 석류석-사방휘석 백립암에서 $826^{\circ}C$/6.3kb이다. 백립암상의 전진변성과정을 지시하는 석류석 반상변정내에 포획된 사장석과 흑운모를 사용하여 구한 온도-압력은 $866^{\circ}C$/7.5kb이며 석류석의 가장자리와 그에 접하는 흑운모를 사용하여 구한 온도-압력은 $726^{\circ}C$/4.8kb로 온도와 압력이 감소하는 시계방향 압력-온도경로를 보인다. 미그마타이트질 편마암과 석류석 화강암질 편마암에서 석류석과 흑운모의 가장자리 조성을 사용하여 구한 온도들은 $556-741^{\circ}C$로 넓은 범위를 보여 백립암상의 변성작용이후 수회변성정도가 차이가 있었음을 지시한다. 흑운모 화강암질 편마암은 석류석의 산출이 적고 석류석의 스페서틴 함량이 높아 정확한 변성환경을 규명하기 힘들다. 단사휘석과 사장석사이에 띠상으로 나타나는 석류석을 함유하는 변성염기성암의 변성온도-압력은 $635-707^{\circ}C$/4.1-4.3kb이다. 이러한 구조는 퇴변성작용의 진화과정이 등압하 온도감소(IBC, isobaric cooling)환경을 거쳤음을 지시한다. 이상의 결과들은 풍기지역이 시계방향의 압력-온도 경로를 가지는 백립암상의 변성작용후에 IBC를 겪었음을 지시한다.

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호흡에 따른 간장용적의 변화와 정상조직손상확율에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (Volumetrical changes of liver associated with breathing and its impact to normal tissue complication probability)

  • 조정희;김주호;이석;박재일
    • 대한방사선치료학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.14-22
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    • 2001
  • Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate geometrical and volumetrical changes of liver due to breathing and its impact to NTCP. In order to attain better treatment results it should be considered deliberately during planning session. Mehtods and Materials : Seven patients were examined in this study who have done TACE for accurate tumor margin drawing. After contrast media injection, C-T scan data were obtained in supine position during breathing free, inhalation and exhalation, respectively. For all patients C-T scan were done with same scanning parameters- 5 mm index, 5 mm thickness and pitch 1. Based on C-T data we have measured differences of each variables between breathing status such as changes of total and remained liver volumes, GTV, beam path length and superior to inferior shift. NTCP were calculated using Lyman's effective volume DVH reduction scheme and for this NTCP calculation, the V50 was computed from DVH and each m, n value were referred from Burmans data. Results : The measured total tilter volume and the remained liver volume changed between inspiration and expiration about $1.2-7.7\%(mean+2.7\%)$ and $2.5-13.23\%(mean=5.8\%)$ respectively, and these results were statistically significant(p>0.1). The GTV difference in each patient varied widely from $1.17\%\;to\;30.69\%$, but this result was not statistically significant. Depending on the breathing status, the beam path length was changed from 0.5 cm to 1.1 cm with the average of 0.7 cm, and it was statistically significant(p=0.006). The measured superior to inferior shifts were ranged from 0.5 cm to 3.74 cm. The NTCPs were changed relatively small in each patient, but the variation was large between the patients. The mean NTCP difference was $10.5\%$, with the variation ranged from $7\%\;to\;23.5\%$. Conclusion : Variations of liver volume and of beam path length were changed significantly depending on the breathing statues and the range of variation itself was very different between the patients. Since this variance could seriously affect the clinical outcomes of radiation treatments, the breathing of patients need to be accounted when a final treatment planning is derided.

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치과 임플란트 환자의 의료서비스 질 만족과 가치만족, 재이용의사의 관계에 관한 연구 (Relationship between satisfaction of dental service, value quality, and reuse intention)

  • 전지현;민희홍;김영숙
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.765-773
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    • 2014
  • Objectives : The objective of study is to investigate the relationship between the satisfaction of dental service, value quality, and reuse intention among dental implant patients. Methods : A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 316 dental implant patients in 4 dental clinics in Daejeon from December, 2013 to March, 2014. Results : The average of dental service satisfaction was 4.14(SD=.562). The average of value satisfaction was 3.88(SD=.648), and that of reuse intention was 3.98(SD=.662). The tangibility was defined as the influence of the quality of medical service on the value satisfaction(t=4.042, p<0.001) and the confidence(t=2.997, p<0.01). The influence of the service value on the intention to reuse was 0.486(t=10.796, p<.001) of path coefficient. Conclusions : The quality of medical service is decided by the value satisfaction and the intention to reuse including the value satisfaction.