• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.898-908
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• 1998

The aim of this experiments were to assess the time-interval change of motional characteristics in frozen-thawed semen of Korean native cattle (KNC) by using computer aided semen analysis (CASA) technology. Twenty-six KNC frozen semen straws were obtained from Korean KNC improvement department, livestock improvement main division, national livestock cooperatives federation in Korea. Specimens were allowed to thaw at $37^{\circ}C$ for 30 sec in water bath. Semen analysis was performed on semen image analysis system (SIAS, Medical supply, Korea) adjusted to the gate settings and used the semen droplet ($5{\mu}l$) placed on Makler counting chamber (Sefi medical instrument, Israel) prewarmed at $37^{\circ}C$. The same person used the same micropipette to fill the Makler counting chamber. A total of 150 or more of sperms were analysed in each specimen by a single trained person by scanning at least 5 to 10 fields. The measurement parameters in SIAS were as follows ; frame rate = 30 frames per sec, image capture = 1 sec, minimum motile speed = $10{\mu}m/s$, maximum countable sperm number = 400. Statistical analysis was done by Student t-test with use of the Sigma plot program on a IBM personal computer. The dancemean(DNM) and hyperactivated sperm(HYP) of frozen-thawed KNC semen kinematics were significantly decreased(p < 0.05) after 10 min of incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ water bath. But, wobble(WOB) of same sample semen was significantly increased(p < 0.05) after 10 min of incubation and significantly decrease(p < 0.05) after 60 min of same incubation. And, after 30 mim of incubation, significantly differences were found most of motion kinematics, motifity(MOT), curvilinear velocity(VCL), straight line velocity(VSL), average path velocity(VAP), amplitude of lateral head displacement(ALH), beat cross frequency(BCF), mean angular displacement(MAD), dance(DNC), on same sample semen. The DNM of KNC semen sample was variable kinematics after 30 min of incubation. Also, the linearity(LIN) and straightness(STR) was significantly decreased(p < 0.05) from 60 min of incubation. In conclusion, the AI within 30 min after thawing of frozen semen can be an effective method for obtaining high fertility rate in KNC reproductive program.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-34
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• 2010

소비자의 구매 행위가 합리적이고 실용적인 방향으로 변화하는데 힘입어 할인점업계는 급속한 외형적인 성장과 함께 경쟁도 치열하다. 따라서 업계는 그 해결책으로 차별화와 수익성을 동시에 실현 시킬 수 있는 유통업체 브랜드(PB: Private Brand) 개발에 사활을 걸고 있다. 또한 치열한 경쟁 환경 하에서 생존하기 위해서는 고객만족을 넘어서 고객충성도를 높이는 것이 효과적인 방법임이 밝혀짐에 따라 PB가 고객충성도를 제고시키기 위한 전략적인 도구로 사용되고 있다. PB 이용 고객의 충성도를 높이려면 우선 고객집단의 특성을 파악해서 소비자가 지각하는 품질수준을 우선적으로 맞춰줘야 고객만족과 고객신뢰를 얻을 수 있고 결과적으로 고객충성도로 유도할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 지각된 품질에 영향을 미치는 선행요인과 고객충성도에 영향을 미치는 변수들 간의 관계에 대한 체계적인 분석결과를 제시하기 위해 선행연구에서 검증된 인과관계를 기반으로 연구모형과 연구가설을 설정했고, 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 기업명성, 브랜드명성, 제품경험, 브랜드친숙도가 높을수록 지각된 품질이 높아지고, 지각된 품질이 높을수록 고객만족, 고객신뢰, 고객충성도가 높아지며, 고객만족과 고객신뢰가 높을수록 고객충성도가 높아지는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 기업명성이 지각된 품질에 미치는 영향력은 PB가 NB보다 높게 나타난 반면 브랜드명성과 브랜드친숙도가 지각된 품질에 미치는 영향력은 NB가 PB보다 높게 나타났다. 이러한 실증분석 결과는 지각된 품질에 영향을 미치는 선행요인과 결과요인에 대한 보다 명확한 이해를 바탕으로 실무자가 마케팅 활동을 하는데 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 1997

내몽고 다큉산일대에는 초기원생대의 선캠브리아대 고변성암대가 존재한다. 이들은 대규모 연성 변형대로 북쪽으로 급경사진 엽리와 $340^{circ}-30^{\circ}<45^{circ}-50^{\circ}$ 방향의 선구조가 보이는 나페구조를 형성한다. 이는 섭업/팽창동안 북쪽지역이 남쪽지역 위로 드러스트에 의해 올라갔음을 지시한다. 남쪽의 침강된 지역은 전 진 변성의 특정을 보여준다. 북쪽의 드러스트 된 지역은 압력 감소와 온도 상승에 따른 후퇴 변성의 증거들 이 나타난다. 초기원생대 모이아이트질 암상은 소저반상을 이루는 흑운모 아다멜라이트, 섬장화강암과 맥상 의 알카리-장석 화강암으로 구성되어있다. 혹운모 아다멜라이트는 시생대와 초기원생대의 암석과 정이적인 접촉을 보이며, 변성암의 포유울을 다량 함유하여 아나택시스기원을 지시한다. 모이아이트질 암석의 지화학 적 특성은 전형적인 아나텍시스기원을 보인다. 초기원생대의 중기에서 후기에 대륙-대륙 충돌은 대규모 드 러스트와 시생대 기저암의 인편상 작용(imbrication)을 일으켰다. 광물조합과 Paria et a1.(1988)의 지온지 압계를 이용하여 P-T 환경은 다음과 같다: 상부블록; $700-710^{\circ}C$, 0.72-0.78 GPa(초기상태)와 $600^{\circ}C$, 0.44 G GPa(후기상태), 하부블럭: $620-840^{\circ}C$, 0.64-0.45 GPa(최대변성작용), $620-630^{\circ}C$, 0.35 GPa(후기상태). 이 결과는 시계방향의 압력-온도-시간경로를 지시한다(Jin et ai., 1991, 1994). 횡압력하의 섭입시 깊야-온도모델과 Wyllie et ai.(1983)의 실험결과를 이용하여 섭입대-연성대 내에서 발생하는 변성작용과 아나텍시스 작용에 대한 지구조-마그마-열역학적모댈은 제시하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2007

We investigated the effects of the addition of Mn and $AB_5$ type alloy on the electrochemical characteristics of Ti-Cr-V BCC type alloys as anode materials for Ni-MH battery. The activation behavior and discharge capacity of the BCC type alloys were significantly improved by ball-milling with the $LmNi_{4.1}Al_{0.25}Mn_{0.3}Co_{0.65}$ alloy, because the $AB_5$ type alloy acted as hydrogen path on the surface of the BCC type alloy. Among the Mn substituted alloys($Mn=0.03%{\sim}0.08%$), the $Ti_{0.32}Cr_{0.38}Mn_{0.05}V_{0.25}$ alloy ball-milled with $AB_5$ type alloy exhibited the greatest discharge capacity of $336\;mAh{\cdot}g^{-1}$. In addition, Mn substituted alloys exhibited the lower plateau pressure in P-C- T curve, the better hydrogen storage capacity and faster surface activation compared with the alloy without Mn.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.351-364
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• 2022

The yield criterion, or called yield function, plays an important role in the study of plastic working of a sheet because it governs the plastic deformation properties of the sheet during plastic forming process. In this paper, we propose a modified version of previous anisotropic yield function (Trans. Mater. Process., 31(4) 2022, pp. 214-228) based on J2 and J3 stress invariants. The proposed anisotropic yield model has the 6th-order of stress components. The modified version of the anisotropic yield function in this study is as follows. f(J₂⁰,J₃⁰) ≡ (J₂⁰)³ + α(J₃⁰)² + β(J₂⁰)^3/2 × (J₃⁰) = k⁶ The proposed anisotropic yield function well explains the anisotropic plastic behavior of various sheets such as aluminum, high strength steel, magnesium alloy sheets etc. by introducing the parameters α and β, and also exhibits both symmetrical and asymmetrical yield surfaces. The parameters included in the proposed model are determined through an optimization algorithm from uniaxial and biaxial experimental data under proportional loading path. In this study, the validity of the proposed anisotropic yield function was verified by comparing the yield surface shape, normalized uniaxial yield stress value, and Lankford's anisotropic coefficient R-value derived with the experimental results. Application for the proposed anisotropic yield function to AA6016-T4 aluminum and DP980 sheets shows symmetrical yielding behavior and to AZ31B magnesium shows asymmetric yielding behavior, it was shown that the yield locus and yielding behavior of various types of sheet materials can be predicted reasonably by using the proposed anisotropic yield function.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of department satisfaction and career maturity on the perceived health status, relationship, and self-efficacy of dental hygiene college students based on Alderfer's existence-relationship-growth theory. Methods: We obtained convenience samples of dental hygiene students in Daejeon and Chungnam areas; 241 questionnaires were collected from 250 persons considering the dropout rate and used for the final analysis except for 9 careless responses. The differences in perceived health status, relationship, self-efficacy, department satisfaction, and career maturity according to general characteristics were analyzed using a t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Moreover, structural equation modeling was performed to confirm the variables. GFI, AGFI,CFI, RMR, RMSEA, TLI, and NFI indices were calculated to verify the fitness of the path model. Results: There were significant differences in self-efficacy, department satisfaction, career maturity according to grade, and significant differences in academic performance for all variables except relationship. The school system also had a significant effect on department satisfaction. Perceived health status, relationship, self-efficacy, department satisfaction, and career maturity demonstrated statistically significant positive correlations (p<0.05). The factors affecting department satisfaction were relationship and self-efficacy. The indirect and total effects of perceived health status and relationship on career maturity were not statistically significant; however, the indirect and total effects of self-efficacy on career maturity were statistically significant. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop teaching methods according to student management plans for dental hygiene by comprehensively perceived health status, relationship, and self-efficacy affecting department satisfaction and career maturity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.1421-1430
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• 2022

The computation of the solid angle and the detector efficiency is considering to be one of the most important factors during the measuring process for the radioactivity, especially the cylindrical γ-ray NaI(Tl) detectors nowadays have applications in several fields such as industry, hazardous for health, the gamma-ray radiation detectors grow to be the main essential instruments in radiation protection sector. In the present work, a generic numerical simulation method (NSM) for calculating the efficiency of the γ-ray spectrometry setup is established. The formulas are suitable for any type of source-to-detector shape and can be valuable to determine the full-energy peak and the total efficiencies and P/T ratio of cylindrical γ-ray NaI(Tl) detector setup concerning the truncated conical radioactive source. This methodology is based on estimate the path length of γ-ray radiation inside the detector active medium, inside the source itself, and the self-attenuation correction factors, which typically use to correct the sample attenuation of the original geometry source. The calculations can be completed in general by using extra reasonable and complicate analytical and numerical techniques than the standard models; especially the effective solid angle, and the detector efficiency have to be calculated in case of the truncated conical radioactive source studied condition. Moreover, the (NSM) can be used for the straight calculations of the γ-ray detector efficiency after the computation of improvement that need in the case of γ-γ coincidence summing (CS). The (NSM) confirmation of the development created by the efficiency transfer method has been achieved by comparing the results of the measuring truncated conical radioactive source with certified nuclide activities with the γ-ray NaI(Tl) detector, and a good agreement was obtained after corrections of (CS). The methodology can be unlimited to find the theoretical efficiencies and modifications equivalent to any geometry by essential sufficiently the physical selective considered situation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권9호
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• pp.3441-3449
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• 2023

We determined the radiation shielding properties for 10CaO-xPbO-(90-x) deteriorated silica gel (DSG) glass system (x = 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 mol.%). The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) has been estimated at photon energies of 74.23, 97.12, 122, 662, 1173, and 1332 keV using a narrow beam X-ray attenuation and transmission experiment, the XCOM program, and a PHITS simulation. The obtained MAC values were applied to estimate the half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number, and effective electron density. Results show that the MAC value of the studied glasses ranges between 0.0549 and 1.4415 cm²/g, increases with the amount of PbO, and decreases with increasing photon energy. The HVL and MFP values decrease with increasing PbO content and increase with increasing photon energy. The recycled glass, with the addition of PbO content (20-45 mol.%), exhibited excellent radiation shielding capabilities compared to standard barite and ferrite concretes and some glass systems. Moreover, the experimental radiation shielding parameters agree with the XCOM and PHITS values. This study suggests that this new waste-recycled glass is an effective and cost-saving candidate for X-ray and gamma-ray shielding applications.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to find out influential variables related to Home Management Ability of urban home makers. This study focuses on the following aspects; 1) to find out which variables of sociodemographic variables (ie. home maker's age, level of education-husband, wife, job-husband, wife, income, duration of marriage), of psychological variables (ie. degree of resourcefulness recognition, degree of stress recognition, degree of life level recognition) have significant effects on home management ability. 2) to find out which variables of sociodemographic variables have significant effects on degree of resourcefulness recognition, of stress recognition, and of life level recognition. 3) to identify the influence of significant variables related to home management ability. Data was analyzed by frequency. percentage, mean , F-test, t-test, Duncan's multiple range test. regression analysis , path analysis pearson's r. x2-test. Major findings are as follows; 1) The level of education (husband , wife)and occupation of husband were variables to have influences on home management ability. 2) a. The level of education (husband, wife) and income were variable to have influences on degree of resourcefulness recognition. b. The employment of home makers. income, and the form of family were variables to have influences on degree of stress recognition. c. The level of education (husband, wife) occupation of husband , income , and duration of marriage were variables to have influences on degree of life level recognition. 3) There were significant relationships between home management ability and degree of resourcefulness recognition and of stress recognition (r=0.13, r=-0.12, p<.05). a. The higher degree of resourcefulness recognition, the higher home management ability (x2=11.17. df=4. p<.05) b. The higher degree of stress recognition, the lower home n=management ability (x2=14.64. df=4. p<.01) 4) The education level of homemakers (β =0.15) and income (β=0.12) were variables to have indirect influences on home management ability through the medium of the degree of resourcefulness recognition (β =0.13) 5) The employment of home makers (β=-0.17) was a variable to have indirect influence on home management ability through the medium of the degree of stress recognition(β=-0.12) 6) the education level of husband (β=0.16) and income (β=0.32) were variables to have direct influence on degree of life level recognition. 7) The degree of life level recognition (β=0.13) and education level of home makers (β=0.17) were variables to have indirect influences on home management ability through the medium of the degree of resourcefulness recognition (β=0.13) 8)The degree of life level recognition (β=-0.22) the employment of home makers(β=-0.17) and the from of family(β=-0.10) were variables to have indirect influences on home management ability through the medium of the degree of stress recognition.

• 암석학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.209-225
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• 2010

남서부 경기육괴 홍성의 동부 예당호 부근의 신리지역은 원생대 후기의 덕정리 화강섬록암-토날라이트, 압쇄 각섬석 정편마암 및 함석류석 변성염기성암을 포함하는 대리암이 분포한다. 이 논문에서는 신리지역의 대리암 내 원생대 후기 함석류석 변성염기성암의 광물화학 및 지화학 자료를 보고하고자 한다. 신리지역의 함석류석 변성염기성암을 $SiO_2$ 대 $Na_2O+K_2O$의 분별도에 도시하면 $SiO_2$의 함량은 46.98-51.17 wt% 그리고 $Na_2O+K_2O$의 함량은 1.95-2.85 wt%로 솔레아이트질 서브-알칼라인 현무암의 영역에 점시된다. Zr/Y 대 Zr의 분별도에서도 함석류석 변성염기성암은 서브-알칼라인 현무암의 영역에 점시된다. 신리 지역의 변성염기성암의 희토류 원소 농도를 콘드라이트 조성치에 표준화한 희토류 양상은 중앙해령과 유사한 현무암의 희토류원소 양상을 보여준다. 평균 초생맨틀값으로 미량원소 성분을 표준화하여 도시한 거미 성분도상에서는 신리변성염기성암는 경희토류가 부화되어 있고, 전반적으로 주원소 및 미량원소의 지화학적 특징은 판 내부 환경의 현무암과 유사한 경향을 보여준다. 이들 양상은 기 보고된 비봉과 백동지역의 변성초염기성암과 관련된 고압형 변성염기성암의 중앙해령 현무암과 유사한 호상열도 현무암 혹은 배호분지 현무암의 양상과 상이하다. 신리지역 대리암 내에 포함된 변성염기성암의 광물군과 광물화학을 근거로 계산된 변성 압력-온도 조건은 석류석 중심부에서 9.6-12.7 kb, $695-840^{\circ}C$, 석류석 가장자리에서 9.6-13.6 kb, $630-755^{\circ}C$로 온도가 감소하며 압력이 거의 일정한 변성진화과정을 보여준다. 이들 변성 압력-온도 진화경로는 비봉 및 백동 변성염기성암의 등온하강 후퇴변성작용 경로와는 다름을 알 수 있다. 이들 암체에서 보고된 트라이아스기 변형, 변성 시기와 더불어 원생대 후기의 변성작용과 생성 시기 등을 포함한 보다 상세한 연구가 수행되어져야 할 것이다.