• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 1991

According to the Established Regulations of National Institute of Safety Research, the skin-irritation test of BST-SR (Lucky Ltd.) was perfonned for seven days in New Zealand White Rabbits. During treatment periods no significant clinical symptom was observed. Significant changes such as erythema, scar tissue and edema were not shown on the applicating sites. According to Primary Irritation Index of Draize, skin irritation rate was assessed as "Zero". The eye irritation of BST-SR (Lucky Ltd.) was examined in nine New Zealand White rabbits, based on the Established Regulation of National Institute of Safety Research. 0.1 ml of test material was dropped on right eye, and after 20~30 seconds, three rabbits' eyes were cleaned with wann saline for 1 minute. Other six rabbits' eyes were left uncleaned. The untreated left eyes were negative control. The lesions of cornea, iris and conjuntiva were assessed by the Grade table (from the Regulation of National Institute of Safety Research), and it is concluded that BST-SR has no eye-irritation.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2005

Renin-angiotensin system (RAS)은 혈압 조절에 중요한 역할을 수행하는 생리적 조절계로써, 이 system 을 구성하는 유전자들의 이상은 본태성 고혈압의 발병과 유의하게 관련된 것으로 알려졌다. RAS의 주요한 구성 성분인 angiotensin II는 2종류의 수용체인 angiotensin II type I receptor(AT₁R)와 angiotensin II type I receptor(AT₂R)에 의해 그 효과가 매개되기 때문에, 이 수용체를 암호하는 유전자는 본태성 고혈압의 유력한 후보 유전자라고 볼 수 있다. 현재가지의 연구에 의하면, AT₁R 유전자에 존재하는 유전적 변이와 본태성 고혈압과의 관련성에 관해서는 많은 보고들이 있었지만, AT₂R 유전자에 존재하는 유전적 변이 가 본태성 고혈압에 유의한 효과를 나타내는 지에 관해서는 이렇다할 연구 성과가 별로 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한국인 집단을 대상으로 하여, AT₂R 유전자에 존재하는 C3123A 다형성이 한국인 집단에서 본태성 고혈압과 유의한 관련성이 있는 지를 분석하였다. 이 유전자는 인간의 X 염색체에 존재하기 때문에, 여성인 경우에는 CC, CA및 AA로 이루어진 3유전자형이 존재하지만, 남성인 경우에는 C와 A로 이루어진 2종류의 대립 유전자로 구성되어 있기 때문에, 본 연구에서는 남성과 여성을 개별적으로 나누어서 분석하였다. 연구 결과, AT₂R 유전자에 존재하는 C3123A 다형성은 남녀 모두에서 본태성 고혈압과 유의한 관련성을 나타내지 않았다(P>0.05). 그렇지만, 이 다형성에 대한 대립 유전자 빈도를 서양인 집단과 비교했을 경우에는, 한국인을 대상으로 한 본 연구에서 A 대립 유전자 빈도가 0.33인 반면에 서양인 집단은 그 빈도가 0.43～0.48로 한국인 집단보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 따라서, AT₂R 유전자에 존재하는 C3123A 다형성과 본태성 고혈압과의 관련성에 대해서는 한국인과 유전적 배경이 다른 서양인 집단을 대상으로 한 추시가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2013

WAVE(Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments) is a representative V2V communication protocol and its standards of MAC and PHY parts except for security were published. In order to control traffic flow and ensure driver's safety using V2V communication, various projects are conducting. In particular, safety application has been researched. Therefore, in this paper, we designed the safety application algorithm, which informs a driver of the dangerous status when driver tries to turn left in an intersection and we also implemented the algorithm. Proposed algorithm configures a model for a host vehicle and a vehicle coming in opposite lane and in case that there is collision hazard it provides warning message to driver by using HMI. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm's performance, we configured the test bed using test vehicles and we tested the algorithm on proving ground with the composed test scenarios. As test results, our system showed excellent performance. If the infrastructures for V2I communications are constructed, we will optimize our system more precisely and stably.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2010

Introduction: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed in human epithelial tumors including salivary cancers, and known to be correlated with tumor progression and poor clinical courses in some epithelial tumors. In this study, we determined the therapeutic effect of the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody Erbitux (C225, cetuximab) in combination with the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan (CPT-11) on human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) cells growing in nude mice. Materials and Methods: At first, immunocytochemical analysis for the expression of EGFR and phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) on a human salivary ACC cell line (ACC3). To determine the in vivo effects of Erbitux and CPT-11, nude mice with orthotopic parotid tumors were randomized to receive intraperitoneal Erbitux (1 mg) two times per week, intraperitoneal Irinotecan (50 mg/kg) once per week, Erbitux plus CPT-11, or placebo. (control) Tumor volume and weight were measured. And mechanisms of in vivo activity of Erbitux and/or CPT-11 were determined by immunohistochemical/ immunofluorescent analyses. Results: Immunocytochemical staining of ACC3 demonstrated that EGFR was expressed and phosphorylated. CPT-11 inhibited ACC tumor growth in nude mice. Tumors of mice treated with CPT-11 and CPT-11 plus Erbitux exhibited increased tumor cell apoptosis and decreased microvessel density, which correlated with a decrease in the tumor volume in nude mice. But, CPT-11 seems not to be synergistic with Erbitux in our ACC3 model system. Conclusion: These results suggest that anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody and the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor will be effective in the treatment of recurred or metastatic lesions of salivary ACC.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1996

To understand the current status of neonatal surgery in Korea, a survey was made among the 27 members of Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. Response rate among surgeons was 78 percent, eighteen hospitals participated in this study. Five hundred and three cases of neonatal surgical patients were analyzed. In Korea, about 50% of cases were treated at the hospital in the capital city area. Regional number of patients were closely related to the regional population. Imperforate anus(19%), atresia/stenosis of gut(12%), and Hirschsprung's diseases(12%) were sitting at the top in the list. Majority of operation was done within the first week of life, especially during the first 24 hour period. Eighty per cent was major or so called index cases. Mortality in so-called index cases was 17%. High mortality was observed in patients with diaphragmatic hernia(47%), gastrointestinal perforation(65%) and esophageal atresia(28%). Low birth weight babies showed higher mortality in gastrointestinal perforation, esophageal atresia and abdominal wall defect. These were compared to 1993 survey of Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgeons.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.303-308
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• 1999

An in vitro culture method for entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema glaseri was developed. A symbiotic bacterium was isolated from Steinernema glaseri and identified as Xenorhabdus nematophilus. Phase variation that differed in some biochemical characteristics of symbiotic bacterium was observed. Entomopathogenic nematodes carried only phase I bacterium in their guts. Phase I bacterium could be converted into phase II form in in vitro culture medium consisting of 5% yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl, 0.05% $K_2HPO_4$, $0.02% MgSO_4$.$7H_2O$. The optimum temperature for bacterial growth was $28^{\circ}C$. The pH of the culture medium increased up to 9.0-9.5 during the exponential growth period of the culture, regardless of initial pH 6-7. Various culture media such as chicken offal, dog food, bovine liver, peanut, and so on were tested for in vitro culture of the nematodes. The best medium for Steinernema glaseri production was obtained from concentrated homogenate of bovine liver and the nematode growth was highest at 80% bovine liver. In the co-culture of entomopathogenic nematode with its symbiont, the growth rate of nematodes was 2 times faster than that without its symbiont and the nematode concentration reached about $5.5\times10^4$/mL within 15 days.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.58-66
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• 2020

Carbonation (step I) and cryo-crystallization (crystallization at low temperature) (step II) were performed to synthesize Na compounds from sodium concentrated solution. In the step 1, the solubility and pH of carbon dioxide (95 wt.%) affecting carbonation could be changed by the variation of reaction temperature. The step II was performed at 2 ℃ after carbonation. The injection of carbon dioxide was carried out twice for the stable production and the saturated solubility of carbonate ions in solution. Firstly, we tried to inject CO₂ for controlling the solubility of CO₂ by changing the reaction temperature from 35 ℃ to 10 ℃, and the second injection was aimed at 10 ℃ for inducing nucleation of Na compound through carbonation after NaCl solution addition. In the cryo-crystallization step, the crystal growth of Na compounds could be induced by slowing the carbonation rate through reaction temperature change from 10 ℃ to 2 ℃. In this study, the effect on NaOH concentration was examined and the purity of Na compound was increased when 2M NaOH was used. In addition, the synthesized Na compounds were mostly rod-shaped and consisted of sodium carbonate or sodium carbonate with monohydrate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1507-1511
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• 2011

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of Erigeron annuus L. flower (EAF) methanol extract. We examined the involvement of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the inhibitory activities of EAF methanol extract on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Cell viability and NO assays were performed. In addition, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and HO-1 expressions were detected by Western blotting and blocking HO-1 activity on NO production. EAF methanol extract (25, 50, 100, 200 ${\mu}g$/mL) significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated NO production (p<0.05; 12.82, 9.61, 6.83, 2.52 ${\mu}m$) in a concentration-dependent manner. EAF methanol extract also reduced the expression of iNOS protein. The EAF methanol extract induced the expression of HO-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Blockage of HO-1 activity by zinc protoporphyrin suppressed EAF methanol extract-induced reductions in the production of NO. The present results suggest that EAF methanol extract has a potent anti-inflammatory effect in RAW264.7 macrophages through the induction of HO-1.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2004

In this study, we evaluated the crow's feet of 152 Korean women by using visual assessment established by our research group and mechanical assessment, Skin Visiometer SV 600. The volunteers were divided into 3 groups according to age; the group I of 30's was 43, the group II of 40's was 75, the group III of 50's was 34. The wrinkle score by visual assessment showed tendency to increase according to age and was statistically significant different among those three age groups (P 〈 0.05). But there was no significant difference between the left and the right of crow's feet. The 5 wrinkle parameters (RI, R2, R3, R4, R5) of mechanical assessment varied as age and the Rl, R4, and R5 showed statistically significant difference among three age groups (P 〈 0.05). However there was no significant difference between the left and the right of crow's feet. The volunteers were divided into 3 groups according to wrinkle score; (0-3 grade for group A, 4-6 grade for group B, 7-9 grade for group C). Only R4 and R5 showed significant difference between group A and group C (P 〈 0.05). It was suggested that visual scoring criteria applied in this study was related to R4 and R5 and was useful in investigating in fine wrinkles.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 2023

In this study, an analysis of medical waste generation characteristics was conducted, differentiating between ordinary situation and the outbreaks of massive infectious diseases. During ordinary situation, prediction models for medical waste quantities by type, general medical waste(G-MW), hazardous medical waste(H-MW), infectious medical waste(I-MW), were established through regression analysis, with all significance values (p) being <0.0001, indicating statistical significance. The determination coefficient(R2) values for prediction models of each category were analyzed as follows : I-MW(R2=0.9943) > G-MW(R2=0.9817) > H-MW(R2=0.9310). Additionally, factors such as GDP(G-MW), the number of medical institutions (H-MW), and the elderly population ratio(I-MW), utilized as influencing factors and consistent with previous literature, showed high correlations. The total MW generation, evaluated by combining each model, had an MAE of 2,615 and RMSE of 3,353. This indicated accuracy levels similar to the medical waste models of H-MW(2,491, 2,890) and I-MW(2,291, 3,267). Due to limitations in accurately estimating the quantity of medical waste during the rapid and outbreaks of massive infectious diseases, the generation unit of I-MW was derived to analyze its characteristics. During the early unstable stage of infectious disease outbreaks, the generation unit was 8.74 kg/capita·day, 2.69 kg/capita·day during the stable stage, and an average of 0.08 kg/capita·day during the reduction stage. Correlation analysis between generation unit of I-MW and lethality rates showed +0.99 in the unstable stage, +0.52 in the stable stage, and +0.96 in the reduction period, demonstrating a very high positive correlation of +0.95 or higher throughout the entire outbreaks of massive infectious diseases. The results derived from this study are expected to play a useful role in establishing an effective medical waste management system in the field of health care.