• 분석과학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.282-288
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• 2004

Inclusion selectivities of the cyanocadmate host complexes with ammonium oniums, $[Cd_x(CN)_{2x}][onium{\cdot}zG]$ (onium = $NMe_3Et^+$, $NMeEt{_3}^+$ and $NEt{_4}^+$, G = guest), have been investigated for $C_6H_6$ (B), PhMe (T), PhEt (E), ortho (O), meta (M), and para (P) isomers of $C_6H_4Me_2$ as the aromatic guest molecules. From the binary, ternary, quaternary and quinary mixed guests of B, T, E, O, M and P, the order of preference in the $NMe_3Et+$-host is $B{\gg}$T>P${\fallingdotseq}O{\fallingdotseq}M$ and E>O${\gg}P{\fallingdotseq}M$; in the $NMeEt{_3}^+$-host is T>B>P${\gg}O{\fallingdotseq}M$ and E>P${\gg}$M>O; in the $NEt{_4}^+$-host is $B{\gg}T{\fallingdotseq}O{\fallingdotseq}M{\fallingdotseq}P$. However, the $NEt{_4}^+$-host complexes of E, O, M and P mixed-guests were not obtained. These inclusion selectivities were compared to our previous results of the $NMe{_4}^+$-host; T>B>P${\gg}$M>O and E>P${\gg}$M>O.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2007

비타민 E 150 IU, selenium yeast로 셀레늄 1.2 ppm에 비타민 E를 100, 150, 200 및 300 IU로 복합 첨가하였을 때 육계의 사료 섭취량, 증체량, 사료 요구율, 계육 품질 및 selenium 축적에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. $1{\sim}21$일의 증체량은 대조구와 비타민 E 150 IU 첨가구가 높았으며(P<0.05), 사료 섭취량은 비타민 E 150 IU 첨가구가 유기태 셀레늄 1.2 ppm에 비타민 E 150 IU와 200 IU를 복합 첨가한 구에 비하여 증가하였다(P<0.05). $21{\sim}35$일의 사료 섭취량은 대조구가 유기태 셀레늄 1.2 ppm에 비타민 E 200 IU를 복합 첨가한 구에 비하여 증가하였다(P<0.05). 그러나 시험 전기간의 사료 요구율은 대조구를 포함한 모든 처리구에서 차이가 없었다. 2. 가슴 근육의 셀레늄 함량은 대조구와 비타민 E 150 IU 첨가구에 비하여 유기태 셀레늄과 비타민 E를 복합 첨가함으로서 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 간조직의 셀레늄 함량 역시 대조구와 비타민 E 150 IU 첨가구에 비하여 유기태 셀레늄과 비타민 E를 복합 첨가함으로서 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 3. 저장 기간별로 TBARS는 대조구와 비타민 E 150 IU 첨가구는 1일보다 3일차가 높게 나타났으나(P<0.05), 셀레늄 1.2 ppm에 비타민 E 100, 150, 200 및 300 IU 복합 첨가구는 1일과 3일간에서 차이가 없었으며, 3일차에는 대조구보다 비타민 E와 셀레늄 복합 첨가구가 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 육계 사료에 유기태 셀레늄 1.2 ppm에 비타민 E를 100, 150, 200 및 300 IU를 복합 첨가시 생산성에는 차이가 없으나 계육 내 selenium 함량과 저장성은 향상되었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1483-1499
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• 2015

With the improvement of the quality of construction materials and the development of construction technologies, large-scale long-span steel frame buildings have been built recently. The P.E.B system using tapered members is being employed as an economically-efficient long-span structure owing to its advantage of being able to distribute stress appropriately depending on the size of sectional areas of members. However, in December 2005 and in February 2014, P.E.B buildings collapsed due to sudden loads such as snow loads and wind gusts. In this study, the design and construction of the P.E.B system in Korea were analyzed and its structural safety was evaluated using the finite element analysis program to suggest how to improve the P.E.B system in order to promote the efficient and rational application of the system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.803-812
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• 1997

The influences of dietary supplements of vitamin E on hepatocellular chemical carcinogenesis have been studied, Placental glutathione S-transferase(GST-P) positive foci area, antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase(GST)), glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activities, and lipid peroxidation of mecrosomes(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) contents) were investigated. For is purpose , we used the murine chemical hepatocardinogenic procedure induced by modified Ito model, which consists of 200mg/kg body weight diethylinitrosamine (DEN) injection, 0.01% 2-acethlaminoflurene(2-AAF) feeding for 6 weeks, and partial hepatectomy on week 3. Weanling Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed pulverized Purina rat chow with 15, 000IU/kg diet vitamin E from initiation or promotion stages. We found that vitamin E supplement decreased the area of GST-P positive foci. Catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase. GST activities, and TBARS contents were decreased. On the other hand G6Pase activities were increased by vitamin E supplement. It seemed that vitamin E supplements helped endogenous defense systems against carcinogenesis by decreasing TBARS contents, $H_2O$$_2$ and organic peroxides. So, vitamin E seemed to protect cell from free radical damage in carcinogenesis. Anticarcinogenic effects of vitamin E were more effective at intiation that at promotion stage. These results suggest that vitamin E has suppressive effects on hepatocellular chemical carcinogenesis, probably through antioxidant effects against TBARS contents $H_2O$$_2$ and orgainc peroxides.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2020

This study presents neuronal migration pattern of dopamine (DA) neurons generated in separate regions occupying the ventral mesencephalic territory. A single pulse 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered at embryonic day (E)10-E15. Distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive cells was determined at E13-postnatal day 0 (P0) by immunohistochemistry. BrdU positive cells labeled at E10 were spread out uniformly in the mesencephalon from E13 to E15, migrating through dorsal and ventral routes at E17 and P0. TH expression labeled at E10 was observed at E13 in the ventromedial region and clearly formed in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) at E15. At E17, TH expression in the substantia nigra (SN) was observed in the ventrolateral region, spreading more outward of the mesencephalon at P0. Generation of TH-positive cells labeled at E13 was also observed in VTA and SN of the mesencephalon at E17 and P0. The expression of these cells labeled after E15 was markedly decreased. These results demonstrated that an almost complete primary structure of DA neuron was formed at the early embryonic stage in the ventral mesencephalon, showing the most active neuronal migration was occurred at E13-E17.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.252-257
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• 1993

본 연구는 한우 9두를 E.S. 처리하여 비처리구와 물리화학적 차이를 비교함으로써 전기자극이 한우의 육질개선 효과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 실시하였다. 일반적인 방법으로 도축을 실시한 후 45분 이내에 400V/60Herz로 1분간 전기자극 후 E.S. 처리구와 대조구에서 각 근육별로 시료를 취하여 $5^{\circ}C$와 $15^{\circ}C$로 구분하여 3일간 저장하며 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 도체에서의 lactate의 변화는 초기 E.S. 처리구가 대조구에 비해 2배 이상 증가하였다. 또한 E.S. 처리 직후부터 저장 4시간까지 E.S. 처리구가 대조구에 비해 근육내 lactate의 급속한 증가를 보이고 있으며(p<0.01), 직후 $6{\sim}8$시간까지 대조구에 비해 E.S. 처리구의 증가속도가 높았으나(p<0.05), 12시간 이후에는 완만하게 증가하여 24시간 이후에는 두 처리구 공히 거의 비슷한 경향을 보였고, 그에 따라 pH는 E.S. 처리구에서 고도의 유의성을 보이며 감소하였다. ATP는 E.S. 처리구가 급격한 감소를 보이면서, 저장 12시간까지 거의 분해되는 것으로 나타났으며, 저장 6시간에 $5^{\circ}C$에서 p<0.05의 유의차를 보인데 반하여 $15^{\circ}C$에서는 p<0.01로 고도의 유의차를 보이며 감소하였다. Shear force value는 전기자극 직후에 E.S. 처리구가 대체로 높았으나, 저장후 1일, 3일에는 E.S. 처리육이 연도가 개선되어(p<0.01) 전기자극에 의해 한 우육의 숙성이 효과적으로 촉진되었음을 확인하였다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2011

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants derived from incomplete combustion of carbons and crude oil. In this study, we investigated the effects of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a representative PAHs on in vitro sex steroid hormone production and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) using isolated oocytes of longchin goby (Chasmichthys dolichognathus) and chameleon goby (Tridentiger trigonocephalus). Oocytes in diameters of 0.8-0.9 (end vitellogenic stage) and 0.9-1.0 mm (germinal vesicle migratory stage) from longchin goby and 0.5 mm (fully vitellogenic stage) from chameleon goby were used. In GVBD assay, B[a]P at 10 nM stimulated GVBD in the oocytes of 0.8-0.9 mm from longchin goby. B[a]P at 1 nM stimulated GVBD in the oocytes with diameter 0.5 mm from chameleon goby. In steroid production from oocytes of longchin goby, B[a]P at 100 nM decreased testosterone (T) production, B[a]P at 1,000 nM increased estraiol-17 (J (E2) production and 10 and 100 nM increased $17,20{\beta}$-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one ($17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$) production in the oocytes with diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. B[a]P at 1,000 nM increased E2 production, 100 and 1,000 nM increased $17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$ production in the oocytes with diameter 0.9-1.0 mm. In steroid production of oocytes from chameleon goby, B[a]P at 1,000 nM increased $E_2$ production. B[a]P at 10 nM increased $17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$ production. In the ratio of $E_2$ to T ($E_2$/T), B[a]P at 100 and 1,000 nM increased $E_2$/T in the oocytes of longchin goby. B[a]P at 100 nM also increased $E_2$/T in the oocytes of chameleon goby. Taken together, these results suggest that B[a]P have not only weak estrogenic effects but progestogenic effects on oocyte maturation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.598-606
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• 2003

Salmonella encodes an enterotoxin (Stn) which possesses biological activity similar to the cholera toxin. Stn contributes significantly to the overall virulence of S. typhimurium in a murine model. The production of Stn is enhanced in a high-osmolarity medium and by contact with epithelial cells. In the present study, the in vitro and in vivo transcriptional regulations of the sin promoter revealed two promoters, P1 and P2. The P1 promoter identified by a primer extension analysis of stn mRNA exhibited a switching mechanism in vivo. Depending on the growth stage, transcription was initiated from different start sites termed $P1_S\;and\;P1_E$. $P1_S$, recognized by RNA polymerase containing ${\sigma}^S(E{\sigma}^S),\;and\;P1_E$, recognized by $E{\sigma}^70$, were activated during the stationary and exponential phases, respectively, while $P1_S\;and\;P1_E$ were both negatively regulated by CRPㆍcAMP and H-NS. Results revealed that $P1_S$ was the responsible promoter activated under a high osmolarity and low pH. The P2 promoter was identified 45 nucleotides downstream from $P1_E$ and negatively controlled by CRPㆍcAMP in vitro. No P2 activity was detected in vivo. The regulation of stn expression monitored using a Pstn::egfp fusion indicated that $E{\sigma}^S$ was required for the induction of stn and various factors were involved in stn regulation inside animal cells.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.341-348
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• 1996

The regulation of xylE gene expression was examined by using vector promoter and construction of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) for application in microcosm. When the xylE gene wsa subcloned into pBluscript SK(+) under the control of lac promoter (pTY1) in E. coli, and the expression was induced by IPTG, the enzyme activity of catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase was increased 4.7 times more than that of the crude extracts from transformants harboring pTY1. We suggest that the xylE gene has its own promoter at the upstream portion, because it was able to be expressed even in the absence of IPTG. A recombinant plasmid, pSW3a harboring the xylE gene under the T7 promotor, showed the activity of 14.5 units/mg protein, higher than that of parental strain, E. coli PYT1. The xylE gene in recombinant plasmid pSW3a was used as reporter gene for the application in microcosm ecosystem, since it was used for detection of xylE-positive clones by catechol spray on the agar plates. The pSW3a in E. coli was introduced into Pseudomonas patida to construct GEM strain, and examined for the exxpression and functional stability in microcosms.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.681-688
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• 2016

The present study was conducted to compare the supplementation of natural (D-${\alpha}$-tocopherol) and synthetic (DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol acetate) vitamin E on the growth performance, meat quality, muscular antioxidant capacity and genes expression related to oxidative status of broilers. A total of 144 1 day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 6 replicates of 8 birds each. Birds were given a basal diet (control group), and basal diet supplemented with either 20 IU D-${\alpha}$-tocopherol or DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol acetate for 42 days, respectively. The results indicated that treatments did not alter growth performance of broilers (p>0.05). Compared with the control group, concentration of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in the breast muscle was increased by the supplementation of vitamin E (p<0.05). In the thigh, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content was also enhanced by vitamin E inclusion, and this effect was more pronounced in the natural vitamin E group (p<0.05). Vitamin E supplementation increased the redness of breast (p<0.05). In the contrast, the inclusion of synthetic vitamin E decreased lightness of thigh (p<0.05). Dietary vitamin E inclusion reduced drip loss at 24 h of thigh muscle (p<0.05), and this effect was maintained for drip loss at 48 h in the natural vitamin E group (p<0.05). Broilers given diet supplemented with vitamin E showed decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the breast (p<0.05). Additionally, natural rather than synthetic vitamin E reduced MDA accumulation in the thigh (p<0.05). Neither natural nor synthetic vitamin E supplementation altered muscular mRNA abundance of genes related to oxidative stress (p>0.05). It was concluded that vitamin E supplementation, especially the natural vitamin E, can enhance the retention of muscular ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, improve meat quality and muscular antioxidant capacity of broilers.