• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2003

본 연구는 평균체중 60.0$\pm$1.5kg인 육성비육돈 30두를 대조구, 죽초액 2% 급여구 및 죽초액 4% 급여구의 3개 처리구로 10두씩 배치하여 4개월간 사양시험을 실시한 후 도축하여 등심육을 시료로 채취하여 저장 중 육질특성 변화를 알아보고자 실시하였다. pH는 저장 3일 이후 죽초액 2%와 4% 급여구가 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 감소함을 나타냈다. 명도(L)는 저장 1일과 3일에 2%와 4% 급여구가 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높게 나타났다. 적색도는 저장 1일과 3일에 죽초액 4% 급여구가 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 낮게 나타났다. 황색도는 저장기간 동안 죽초액 2%와 4% 급여구가 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높게 나타났다. 가열감량은 저장 3일 이후 죽초액 2%와 4%급여구가 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높게 나타났다. 전단력은 저장 1일과 3일에 죽초액 2%와 4% 급여구가 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 낮게 나타나 연도 개선효과를 보였다. 지방산패도는 저장 6일과 9일에 죽초액 2%와 4% 급여구가 유의적(P<0.05)으로 감소하였다. 총균수는 죽초액 2%와 4% 급여구가 대조구에 유의적(p<0.05)으로 낮게 나타났다. 냄새는 저장 1일과 3일에 죽초액 2%와 4% 급여구가 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높은 점수를 받아 돼지 특유의 이취가 감소하는 효과를 나타냈다. 외관은 저장 1일에 죽초액 2%와 4% 급여구가 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 증가함을 나타냈다. 맛은 저장 1일과 3일, 6일에 죽초액 2%와 4% 급여구가 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 죽초액 2%와 4% 급여된 돼지고기는 육질특성과 저장안정성이 개선된 것으로 사료된다.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2005

The design of reconfiguring a class of second-order dynamic systems via proportional plus derivative (P-D) feedback is considered. The aim is to resynthesize a P-D feedback controller such that the eigenvalues of the reconfigured closed-loop system can completely recover those of the original close-loop system, and make the corresponding eigenvectors of the former as close to those of the latter as possible. Based on a parametric result of P-D feedback eigenstructure assignment in second-order dynamic systems, parametric expressions for all the P-D feedback gains and all the closed-loop eigenvector matrices are established and a parametric algorithm for this reconfiguration design is proposed. The parametric algorithm offers all the degrees of design freedom, which can be further utilized to satisfy some additional performances in control system designs. This algorithm involves manipulations only on the original second-order system matrices, thus it is simple and convenient to use. An illustrative example and the simulation results show the simplicity and effect of the proposed parametric method.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 1972

상족후 7일째 수견하고 자웅을 감별하여 일부는 방사선(${\gamma}$-선) 1,000${\gamma}$에서 40분간 조사시켜 화아 교미후 산란후 시간을 5분, 15분, 45분, 90분, 720분, 2,400분의 6구로 나누어 란내 acid soluble phosphorus의 변동을 분석 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 표준구(대조구)에서는 산란후 90분에 1,288${\gamma}$/100 mg D.P.로 점차 감소하여 720분에 1,232${\gamma}$/100mg D.P.로 가장 적은량을 나타냈으나 2,400분에 1,456${\gamma}$/100mg D.P.로 가장 많은 량을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 2. 방사선처리한 ♀에 표준구(무처리) ♂놈을 교미시킨 구에서는 표준구(대조구)에 비하여 산란초기 5분에 1,288${\gamma}$/100mg D.P. 15분에 1,299${\gamma}$/100mg D.P.로 다소 적은량을 나타냈으나 45분에 1,484${\gamma}$/100mg D.P.로 증가된 량을 보이다가 2,400분에 1,400${\gamma}$/100mg D.P.로 표준구(대조구)보다 적은량을 나타냈다. 그러나 표준구에 ♀놈에 방사선처리구에 ♂놈을 교미시킨 구와 비교할 때 초기에는 다소 적은 량이었으나 큰 차리는 확인할 수 없었으며 양구 다같이 산란후 15분에서 720분까지 양적으로 표준구(대조구) 많았음을 인정할 수 있고, 방사선처리한 ♀놈에 표준구(무처리)의 ♂놈을 교미시킨 구보다 표준구의 ♀놈에 방사선처리한 ♂놈을 교미시킨 구에서 변동이 크고, lipid phosphorus(Part I)의 경우와 상반된 변동이 이루어지는것을 알 수 있었다. 3. ♀.♂ 다같이 방사선을 처리하여 교미시킨 구에서 산란후 90분에 1,736${\gamma}$/100mg D.P, 2,400분에 1,760 ${\gamma}$/100mg D.P.로 많은 량을 나타냈고 5분에 1,288${\gamma}$/100mg D.P.로 가장 적은량을 나타냈으며 전반적으로 보아 산란초기에는 표준구보다 적었으나 그 후에는 표준구보다 크게 증가하고 변동이 심한것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.669-685
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• 1997

The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of xylazine and tiletamine + zolazepam on echocardiograms before and after experimental myocardial infarctions in clinically normal dogs taken preliminary examinations related to cardiac function. The results are as follows. With xylazine administration, left ventricle end-diastolic dimension, left ventricle end-systolic dimension, left atrium/aorta, ejection time and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased and mitral valve CD slope, % delta D decreased(p<0.01). In tiletamine+zolazepam administered group, interventricular septum amplitude(p<0.01), mitral valve DE slope(p<0.05) and ejection time(p<0.01) decreased and left atrium/aorta, ejection time also decreased compared with xylazine group(p<0.01). In 48 hours after experimental myocardial infarction group, anterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control, xylazine, tiletamine + zolazepam group, respectively(p<0.01). Posterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricle end systolic dimension increased compared with control and tiletamine + zolazepam group, respectively(p<0.01). Left ventricular posterior wall end systolic dimension decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricular posterior wall amplitude decreased compared with control and tiletamine+zolazepam group(p<0.01). Left atrium/aorta decreased compared with xylazine group(p<0.01). % thickening left ventricular posterior wall decreased compared with control(p<0.05). % delta D decreased compared with control and tiletamine+zolazepam group(p<0.01). Ejection time decreased compared with xylazine(p<0.01). Velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased compared with control and tiletamine + zolazepam group(p<0.01). With xylazine administration 48 hours after experimental myocardial infarction, anterior aortic wall amplitude, posterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricle end-diastolic dimension increased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricle end-systolic dimension increased compared with control and tiletamine + zolazepam group, respectively(p<0.01). Left ventricular posterior wall end-systolic dimension and left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic dimension decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left atrium/aorta decreased compared with xylazine group(p<0.01). % thickening left ventricular posterior. wall(p<0.05) and % delta D(p<0.01) decreased compared with control. Velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased compared with tiletamine + zolazepam group(p<0.01). With tiletamine + zolazepam administration 48 hours after experimental myocardial infarction, anterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control, xylazine and tiletamine+zolazepam group, respectively(p<0.01). Posterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricle end-systolic dimension increased compared with control and tiletamine+zolazepam group(p<0.01). Left ventricular posterior wall end-systolic dimension, left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic dimension and interventricular septum amplitude decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left atrium/aorta decreased compared with xylazine group(p<0.01). % delta D decreased compared with control and tiletamine + zolazepam group(p<0.01). Ejection time decreased compared with xylazine group and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased compared withtiletamine+zolazepam group(p<0.01). Conclusively, echocardiography was proved to be a useful, diagnostic, non-invasive and simple method for establishing the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and evaluating the effects of drug on cardiac function before and after myocardial infarction.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.604-611
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• 2009

A dP/dV feedback-controlled MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) method for photovoltaic power systems using II-SEPIC (Isolated Inverse-SEPIC; Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter) is presented and a current-mode dP/dV feedback-controlled MPPT method is devised to apply for the PV power converter system. A control strategy for the current-mode dP/dV feedback control system is developed in this paper and the proposed MPPT shows relatively satisfactory dynamics against rapidly changing insolation conditions. In order to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method, simulations and experiments of the PV power system using II-SEPlC converter are performed. These simulation and experiment results show that the proposed method enables the PV power system to extract maximum power from the photovoltaic module against the solar insolation variation.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); 포항공과대학교, 포항; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.164-167
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• 1996

This paper presents an off-line P.I.D parameter estimation method during normal operation in power plant. The process parameters are estimated using the recursive least square method. The controller parameters are estimated on the basis of desired characteristics of the dynamic model of the closed-loop control.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.577-598
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• 1996

This study was conducted to identify the effects of caffeine or combinations of caffeine and iron or vitamin E on the lipid and protein components or blood chemistry levels of the serum as well as the total homogenate, mitochondrial and microsomal fraction of the rat(Sprague-Dawley, female) liver. Chronic test were conducted to determine those effects. The chronic test was conducted by dividing rats into 5 groups according to the type of drugs and dosages administrated as follows; the control(group A), and group B was given 25mg/kg caffeine orally once daily for 30 days, group C was given 50mg/kg caffeine orally once daily for 30 days, group D was given 25mg/kg caffeine and orally ferric chloride once daily for 30 days and group E was given 25mg/kg caffeine and 25mg/kg vitamin E once daily for 30 days. The concentrations of glucose, urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, albumin, A/G ratio, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, free fatty acid, phospholipid as well as the activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were measured in the serum of each experimental groups. The concentrations of the carbonyl group and malondiaidehyde(MDA) and the patterns of the SDS-PAGE(Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate - Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) and fatty acid compositions in free fatty acids and phospholipids were analyzed to determine the oxidative damages and metabolic changes on the lipid and protein components in the serum, and total homogenate, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of the rat liver. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows; 1. Body weights of groups B, C, D and E were significantly decreased(p < 0.01) in comparison with that of the control in the chronic test. 2. The concentrations of serum glucose in groups B(124.5mg/dl), C(130.1mg/dl), D(122.1mg/dl), E(119.3mg/dl) were significantly higher(p < 0.01) in comparison to that of the control(101.5mg/dl). But, there were no significant differences in the concentrations of urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, albumin and A/G ratio in comparison to that of the control. 3. The concentrations of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in serum of groups B(69.6, 53.4mg/dl), C(73.0, 56.3mg/dl), D(68.9, 51.1mg/dl) and E(68.2, 51.3mg/dl) were significantly higher(p < 0.01) in comparison to that of the control(52.6, 38.8mg/dl). On the other hand, the concentrations of triglyceride in serum of groups B(45.0mg/dl), C(40.4mg/dl), D(33.8mg/dl) and E(47.2mg/dl) were significantly lower(p < 0.01) in comparison to that of the control(66.2mg/dl). There were no significant differences in the activities of ALT, AST and ALP in comparison to that of the control. 4. The concentrations of free fatty acid and phospholipid in serum of groups B(45.7, 154.4mg/dl), C(50.0, 167.2mg/dl), D(52.5, 148.4mg/dl) and E(41.1, 159.2mg/dl) were higher(p < 0.01) in comparison to that of the control(35.2, 125.3mg/dl). And the concentrations of the carbonyl group and malondialdehyde in serum of group D(1.82, 0.52nM/mg protein) were significantly higher(p < 0.01) in comparison to the control(1.53nM/mg protein). 5. The concentrations of carbonyl group in total homogenate, mitochondrial and microsomal fraction of group D(1.45, 0.94, 1.67nM/mg protein) were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in comparison to the control(1.16, 0.66, 1.27nM/mg protein). And the concentrations of malondialdehyde in the total homogenate, mitochondrial and microsomal fraction of group D(6.70, 6.10, 1.36nM/mg protein) were significantly higher(p < 0.01) in comparison to the control(5.17, 3.64, 0.68nM/mg protein). 6. As the analytical results of the fatty acid compositions of free fatty acid in serum, the proportions of stearic acid and arachidonic acid of groups B(16.52, 12.62%), C(17.52, 15.18%), D(19.73, 13.47%) and E(17.62, 13.28%) were significantly higher(p < 0.01) in comparison to the control(14.75, 7.88%), but the proportions of oleic acid and linoleic acid of groups B(12.97, 32.59%), C(10.88, 31.23%), D(12.37, 30.66%) and E(11.95, 32.41%) were significantly lower(p < 0.01) in comparison to the control(16.44, 35.12%). Otherwise, as the results of the fatty acid compositions of phospholipid in serum, the proportions of stearic acid and arachidonic acid of groups B(39.37, 16.39%), C(40.63, 17.83%), D(42.73, 15.39%) and E(39.16, 15.70%) were significantly higher(p < 0.01) in comparison to the control(37.74, 14.24%), but the proportions of oleic acid and linoleic acid of groups B(4.03, 14.38%), C(3.54, 12.38%), D(4.52, 11.68%) and E(4.29, 13.64%) were significantly lower(p < 0.01) in comparison to the control(5.53, 16.14%). 7. As the analytical results of the fatty acid compositions of free fatty acid in total homogenate, mitochondrial and microsomal fraction of liver, the proportions of oleic acid of groups B(7.8**, 8.73**, 6.88%) and C(6.89**, 7.75**, 6.58%) were lower(**:p < 0.01) in comparison to the control(8.67, 10.08, 7.81%), but the proportions of arachidonic acid of group C(22.62, 19.79, 23.71%) were significantly higher(p < 0.01) in comparison to the control(20.93, 18.47, 22.24%). And the proportions of palmitic acid of group D(25.95**, 26.16, 26.34**%) were significantly higher(**:p < 0.01) in comparison to the control(24.43, 25.42, 23.34%). In addition, the proportions of linoleic acid of group D(23.43, 25.02, 23.95%) were also significantly higher(p < 0.01) in comparison to the control(22.17, 23.75, 21.26%). The proportions of stearic acid of group D(19.87, 19.76**%) in mitochondrial and microsomal fraction were lower(**:p < 0.01) in comparison to the control(21.01, 24.18%), and the proportions of stearic acid of group E(16.71*, 19.65**%) in mitochondrial and microsomal fraction were significantly lower(**:p < 0.01, *:p < 0.05) in comparison to the control(21.01, 24.18%), and the proportions of linoleic acid of group E(25.04, 29.20, 26.48%) in total homogenate, mitochondria and microsome were significantly higher(p < 0.01) in comparison to the control(22.17, 23.75, 21.26%). 8. As the results of the fatty acid compositions of phospholipid in total homogenate, mitochondrial and microsomal fraction of liver, the proportions of palmitic acid of group D(17.58**, 18.78*, 18.23%**) were significantly higher(**:p < 0.01, *:p < 0.05) in comparison to the control(16.28, 17.22, 16.38%), and the proportions of stearic acid of group D(36.41, 37.23, 39.53%) were also significantly higher(p < 0.01) in comparison to the control(34.18, 34.16, 36.04%). But the proportions of oleic acid(3.41*, 3.11**, 3.12**%) and linoleic acid (18.03**, 15.79**, 14.74**%) of group D were significantly lower(**:p < 0.01, *:p < 0.05) in comparison to the control(oleic : 3.63, 3.72, 3.79%, linoleic : 20.03, 18.71, 18.48%). 9. In order to determine the oxidative damages to the protein in serum, mitochondrial and microsomal fraction of the rat liver, the patterns of the SDS-PAGE were identified, but the results of SDS-PAGE were not significantly different between the control and experimental groups.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.346-357
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• 2015

목적: 본 연구는 VRE 환자 보호자의 질병 불확실성과 감염관리 수행 정도를 확인하기 위한 서술적 조사 연구이다. 방법: 본 연구는 D광역시에 소재한 D의료원에 입원한 VRE 환자 보호자 82명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 21.0을 이용하여 실수, 백분율, t-test, ANOVA로 통계 분석하였다. 결과: VRE 환자 보호자의 질병 불확실성은 56.99점이었고, 감염관리 수행 정도는 35.09점이었다. 대상자의 특성에 따른 감염관리 수행 정도 차이 검정에서 나이(F=121.38, p<.001), 학력(F=102.77, p<.001), 환자와의 관계(F=17.80, p<.001), 하루 평균 간호하는 시간(t=3.14, p=.002), 가족의 형태(t=-8.65, p<.001)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 대상자의 질병 불확실성은 유의하게 감염관리 수행 정도와 부적인 상관관계를 보였다(r=-.96, p<.001). 결론: 본 연구결과는 VRE 환자 보호자를 위한 감염관리 프로그램 개발 및 감염관리 표준지침 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.928-941
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• 2022

This study aimed to analyze the microbiological composition and sensory characterization of fermented sausage using strains isolated from Kimchi (GK1, Pediococcus pentosaceus SMFM2016-GK1; NK3, P. pentosaceus SMFM2016-NK3), Doenjang (D1, Debaryomyces hansenii SMFM2021-D1), and spontaneously fermented sausage (S8, D. hansenii SMFM2021-S8; S6, Penicillium nalgiovense SMFM2021-S6). The control was commercial starter culture. Nine treatments were applied [GD (GK1+D1), GS (GK1+S8), GDS (GK1+D1+S8), ND (NK3+D1), NS (NK3+S8), NDS (NK3+D1+S8), GND (GK1+NK3+D1), GNS (GK1+NK3+S8), and GNDS (GK1+NK3+D1+S8)] by mixing lactic acid bacteria and yeast, and S6 was sprayed. The microbial composition of fermented sausage was analyzed [aerobic bacteria (AC), Lactobacillus spp. (LABC), Staphylococcus spp. (STPC), and yeast and mold (YMC)], and pH and electronic nose and tongue measurements were taken. The AC, LABC, STPC, and YMC values of the control and treatment groups tended to increase during fermentation (p>0.05). The STPC values of the GD, GS, ND, and GDS groups were similar to that of the control on day 3. The pH of the control on day 3 was significantly lower than that of the GD, ND, and GND groups (p<0.05). Higher levels of 4-methylpentanol, 2-furanmethanol, and propyl nonanoate, which provide a "fermented" flavor, were detected in the GD group compared to in the control and other treatment groups. GD and ND groups showed higher umami values than the control and other treatment groups. Therefore, it is expected that GD can be valuable as a starter culture unique to Korea when manufacturing fermented sausage.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.784-792
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weight control programs on BMI, serum profiles, nutrition knowledge and eating behaviors of adult obese women. The subjects of this study were 33 adult obese women aged 30-65 years residing in Seoul. The weight control program for obese women included nutritional education, cognitive behavioral therapy and exercise for 12 weeks. The weight control experience of the subjects was 60.6%. They preferred physical exercise and diet restriction to weight control and 72.7% of subjects answered that the reasons for wanting to control their weight was health. The BMI of test subjects significantly decreased (p<0.001) from 28.3 to 27.1 after the 12 weeks of the weight control program. In addition, the % body fat significantly decreased (p<0.001) from 36.4% to 34.5% after completion of the weight control program. SGPT levels in the serum were also significantly decreased (p<0.05) after the program. Triglyceride levels significantly decreased from 194.9 mg/dL to 98.1 mg/dL (p<0.01) and the HDL cholesterol level significantly increased (p<0.01) from 55.8 mg/dL to 60.0 mg/dL after completion of the weight control program. Nutritional knowledge and eating behavior scores were significantly increased (p<0.001). In addition, the eating self-efficacy of the subjects was significantly increased (p<0.01); however, the food diversity scores were not changed after the program. These results suggest that the weight control program for adult obese women may be effectively used to promote weight reduction and improve nutritional knowledge and eating behavior.