• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.246-253
• /
• 1998

광산폐수, 산업폐수등으로 부터 Cd, Pb, Zn 및 Cu 등의 중금속에 강한 내성을 지니고 있을 뿐만 아니라 균체내 중금속 축적능력이 우수한 중금속 내성 미생물 균주 Pseudomonas putida, P. aeruginosa, P. chlororaphis 및 P. stutzeri를 각각 분리하여, 화학적인 방법으로 세포내 functional group들의 전하를 인위적으로 변형시켜 변형시키기 전과의 중금속 결합능력을 비교 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 화학적인 방법으로 functional group의 charge를 변형시킨 cell wall들에 의한 중금속 축적변화를 조사한 결과, cell wall중 amine group을 변형시켰을 경우에는 중금속 축적율이 변형시키지 않은 cell wall에 비하여 약간 증가되었거나 거의 비슷한 축적율을 나타내었으나, carboxyl group을 변형시켰을 경우에는 매우 크게 감소되었다. 이와같은 결과는 functional group을 변형시킨 cell wall의 외형적인 중금속 축적형태를 전자현미경으로 관찰하였을 경우에도 명확하게 나타났으며, 따라서, carboxyl기는 중요한 중금속 binding site인 것으로 판단되었다.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 5가지 제품농약을 이용하여 어류 급성독성시험 결과 (반수치사농도)와 잉어의 표피에서 유래된 EPC 세포를 이용한 neutral red uptake 결과 (반수저해농도)를 비교함으로써 동물 실험의 대체 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 어류 급성 독성시험은 왜몰개 (Aphyocypris chinensis)를 포함하여 OECD와 농촌진흥청의 농약에 대한 독성시험기준에서 추천하는 어종인 송사리 (Oryzias latipes)와 잉어 (Cyprinus carpio)를 이용하여 수행하였다. 5가지 제품 농약에 대한 민감도는 어류에 비하여 세포에서 약 10배 더 낮게 확인되었지만, 독성을 서열화 하였을 때 나타나는 순서는 두 가지 방식에서 모두 비슷하게 나타났다. 5가지 제품 농약에 대한 세포와 어류 독성값의 상관성을 분석한 결과는 A. chinensis, O. latipes와 C. carpio에서 각각 $r^2=0.38$ (p = 0.26), $r^2=0.76$ (p = 0.05), $r^2=0.90$ (p = 0.01)을 나타내었다. 본 시험의 결과, EPC 세포를 이용한 NRU 시험은 O. latipes와C. carpio에 대한 어류 독성시험 결과와 상관성이 높으므로 향후 더 많은 약제시험을 통해 어류 급성독성시험의 대체시험법으로서의 가능성이 기대된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2010

국내 10개의 폐금속 광산을 대상으로 토양의 물리적, 화학적 및 생물학적 특성과 자생하고 있는 쑥(Artemisia princeps var. orientalis)의 카드뮴(Cd) 함량을 분석하였다. 식생이 없는 대조군 토양과 쑥 근권 토양의 Cd 함량은 산술평균으로 각각 5.92와 5.91 mg/kg으로 나타났으며, 분산분석 결과 두 토양간의 Cd 함량에는 유의한 차이가 없었다(p < 0.05). 그리고 쑥의 지상부와 지하부의 Cd 함량은 근권 토양의 Cd 함량과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p < 0.05, ${R^2}_{shoot}$ = 0.3120, ${R^2}_{root}$ = 0.4177). 쑥의 Cd 흡수 해석을 위하여 주성분 분석(PCA)을 실시한 결과, 최소 토양질 인자(MDS)로 유기물 함량 (OM), 탈수소효소 활성도(DHA), pH, 치환성 Mg가 선정되었다. MDS를 이용한 다중회귀분석 결과, 쑥의 지상부와 지하부의 Cd 함량의 회귀식에 대한 결정계수($R^2$)는 각각 0.3418과 0.5121로 나타났다. 이것은 MDS를 이용한 통계적인 토양질 평가가 식물의 중금속 흡수를 해석하는 유용한 기법이라는 것을 나타낸다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.551-563
• /
• 1996

This study investigated the properties of primary cultured proximal tubule cells in hormonally defined(insulin, transferrin, and hydrocortisone), serum-free medium or 10% serum-supplemented medium. The growth rate of the primary cultured proximal tubule cells was lower in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium than in the 10% serum- supplemented medium(p < 0.05), while the activities of brush border marker enzymes, alkaline phosphatase(AP), leucine aminopeptidase(LAP), and y-glutamyl transpeptidase(${\gamma}$-GTP) were increased(p < 0.05). The activities of these enzymes, however, decreased with the lapse of incubation time to 50-70% after 6 days culture compared to those of the freshly-prepared proximal tubules. The enzymatic activities of the primary cultured proximal tubul cells on 6, 9, 12, and 15 days of culture were significantly increased in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium compared to the 10% serum-supplemented medium(p < 0.05). The functional differentiation of the primary culture was examined by observing multicellular domes of the confluent monolayer, which is indicative of transepithelial solute transport. The dome formation by the proximal tubule cultures occurred at a higher frequency in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium than in the 10% serum-supplemented medium(p < 0.05). Upon electron microscopic examination, an increased density of the brush border was observed in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium compared to the cells grown in 10% serum-supplemented medium. The activities of $Na^+$glucose cotransporter($^{14}C$-a-MG uptake), $Na^+$phosphate cotransportere($^{32}P$ uptake) and $Na^+$ transporter($^{22}Na^+$ uptake) in the brush border membrane, and of $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase($^{86}Rb$ uptake) in the basolateral membrane were significantly stimulated in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium than in 10% serum-supplemented medium(p < 0.05). In conclusion, the primary cultured proximal tubule cells grown in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium demonstrated a slower growth rate, but the functions of cell were enhanced.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.232-242
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 유해 와편모조류 Cochlodinium polykrikoides와 규조류 Skeletonema sp.의 용존 유기 영양염에 대한 이용 및 흡수능력을 통해서 종간 경쟁관계를 파악하였다. C. polykrikoides와 Skeletonema sp.는 용존 무기 질소와 무기인 이외에 다양한 용존 유기 질소와 유기 인을 이용하여 성장하였다. 이는 용존 무기 질소 또는 무기 인이 제한 영양염으로 작용하는 환경에서 중요한 생존전략으로 작용할 것이다. Urea와 glycerophospahte(glycero-P)의 흡수동력학 실험으로부터 도출된 반포화상수(Ks) 값은 C. polykrikoides가 Skeletonema sp.에 비해서 낮은 값을 보였다. 이는 Skeletonema sp.가 C. polykrikoides에 비해서 urea와 glycero-P와 같은 유기 영양염에 대한 친화성이 높음을 의미한다. 하지만 Skeletonema sp.가 유기 영양염에 대한 친화성이 높을지라도 C. polykrikoides가 ${\alpha}$ (${\rho}_{max}/Ks$) 값이 높아, 저농도의 영양염 조건(

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.652-658
• /
• 2013

A huge number of greenhouse soils in Korea have accumulated mineral elements which induce many nutritional and pathological problems. The present study was performed to the effects of the reduced fertilization on plant growth, and uptake and partitioning of minerals (N, P, K) and soluble carbohydrates using highly minerals-accumulated farmer's greenhouse soil. On the basis of the recommended application for tomato crop, the application rates of N, P and K were 110(50%)-5.2(5%)-41.5(35%)kg $ha^{-1}$, respectively, using Hoagland's nutrient solution. Tomato growth rates during the whole experiment were not significant between treatments, but it was found that a decrease in daily growth represented after 60 days of treatment (DAT). The reduced application led to a drastic decrease in the concentration of N, P and K in fruits, and, thus, this resulted in lower uptake after 40 DAT. The lower phloem export and utilization of soluble carbohydrates caused an accumulation of extra-carbohydrates in leaves, stems and fruits in the reduced application. The reduced fertilization induced the capture of N, P and K in leaves and of soluble carbohydrates in stems compared to the conventional application. In this study, we suggest that it is possible to delay the first fertigation time in minerals-accumulated soils without an adverse impact on crop growth, but it is necessary to regularly monitor mineral status in soil to ensure a balanced uptake, synthesis and partitioning of minerals and carbohydrates.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.325-337
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pre and post-rigor marinade injections on some quality parameters of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles. Three marinade formulations were prepared with 2% NaCl, 2% NaCl+0.5 M lactic acid and 2% NaCl+0.5 M sodium lactate. In this study marinade uptake, pH, free water, cooking loss, drip loss and color properties were analyzed. Injection time had significant effect on marinade uptake levels of samples. Regardless of marinate formulation, marinade uptake of pre-rigor samples injected with marinade solutions were higher than post rigor samples. Injection of sodium lactate increased pH values of samples whereas lactic acid injection decreased pH. Marinade treatment and storage period had significant effect on cooking loss. At each evaluation period interaction between marinade treatment and injection time showed different effect on free water content. Storage period and marinade application had significant effect on drip loss values. Drip loss in all samples increased during the storage. During all storage days, lowest CIE $L^*$ value was found in pre-rigor samples injected with sodium lactate. Lactic acid injection caused color fade in pre-rigor and post-rigor samples. Interaction between marinade treatment and storage period was found statistically significant (p<0.05). At day 0 and 3, the lowest CIE $b^*$ values obtained pre-rigor samples injected with sodium lactate and there were no differences were found in other samples. At day 6, no significant differences were found in CIE $b^*$ values of all samples.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 1996

This study was performed to compare the anticarious effect of the different fluoride adsorbed(Naf, $NH_4F, Na_2PO_3F, SnF_2, TiF_4$) on synthetic hydroxyapatite and enamel. The amount of fluoride adsorbed in synthetic hydroxyapatite under various concentrations and pH of these fluoride solutions was measured by specific electrode. Enamel samples treated with 5 kinds of 1,000ppm fluoride solutions for 10 minutes were evaluated for fluoride uptake and enamel soubility. The results were as follows. 1. The adsorption of fluoride on synthetic hydroxyapatite increased gradually by the concentration of the fluoride solution, In 1,000ppm fluoride solution, the adsorption of fluoride on synthetic hydroxyapatite treated with NH4F and NaF solutions at pH 4.0 was relatively higher than that of other fluoride solutions. In NH4F and NaF solutions, the adsorption of fluoride on powdered enamel was higher at pH 4.0 solution than at pH 7.0 solution. 2. Fluoride uptake from NH4F solution was relatively high. But that from $Na_2PO_3F$ solution was lower than those from other fluoride solutions. 3. Fluoride solutions were significantly effective on enhancing acid resistance. $NH_4F$ solution was relatively more effective than others on enhancing acid resistance. 4. $SnF_2 and TiF_4$ solutions had the same effect on fluoride adsorption, fluoride uptake, and enamel solubility.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.198-205
• /
• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The anti-diabetic activity of pear through inhibition of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ has been demonstrated. However, little has been reported about the effect of pear on insulin signaling pathway in obesity. The aims of this study are to establish pear pomace 50% ethanol extract (PPE)-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity and characterize its action mechanism in 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Lipid accumulation, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) secretion and glucose uptake were measure in 3T3-L1 cells. Mice were fed HFD (60% kcal from fat) and orally ingested PPE once daily for 8 weeks and body weight, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum lipids were measured. The expression of proteins involved in insulin signaling pathway was evaluated by western blot assay in 3T3-L1 cells and adipose tissue of mice. RESULTS: In 3T3-L1 cells, without affecting cell viability and lipid accumulation, PPE inhibited MCP-1 secretion, improved glucose uptake, and increased protein expression of phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 [p-IRS-1, ($Tyr^{632})$)], p-Akt, and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). Additionally, in HFD-fed mice, PPE reduced body weight, HOMA-IR, and serum lipids including triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol. Furthermore, in adipose tissue, PPE up-regulated GLUT4 expression and expression ratio of p-IRS-1 ($Tyr^{632})/IRS$, whereas, down-regulated p-IRS-1 ($Ser^{307})/IRS$. CONCLUSIONS: Our results collectively show that PPE improves glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells and insulin sensitivity in mice fed a HFD through stimulation of the insulin signaling pathway. Furthermore, PPE-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity was not accompanied with lipid accumulation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.73-77
• /
• 2007

N,N-Dimethyl-D-ribo-phytosphingosine (DMPH) is an N-methyl derivative of sphingosine. In the present paper, we studied effects of DMPH on intracellular Ca$^{2+}$ concentration, pH, glutamate uptake, and cell viability in human 1321N1 astrocytes. DMPH increased intracellular Ca$^{2+}$ concentration and cytosolic pH significantly in a dose-dependent manner. DMPH also inhibited glutamate uptake by 1321N1 astrocytes. Finally, treatment of cells with DMPH for 24 h reduced viability of cells largely and concentration-dependently. In summary, DMPH increased intracellular Ca$^{2+}$ concentration and pH, inhibited glutamate uptake and evoked cytotoxicity in 1321N1 astrocytes. Our observations with DMPH in the 1321N1 astrocytes would enhance understanding of DMPH actions in the brain.