• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.303-314
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• 2024

Objective: Rutin, also called vitamin P, is a flavonoids from plants. Previous studies have indicated that rutin can alleviate the injury of tissues and cells by inhibiting oxidative stress and ameliorating inflammation. There is no report on the protective effects of rutin on goat rumen epithelial cells (GRECs) at present. Hence, we investigated whether rutin can alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage in GRECs. Methods: GRECs were cultured in basal medium or basal medium containing 1 ㎍/mL LPS, or 1 ㎍/mL LPS and 20 ㎍/mL rutin. Six replicates were performed for each group. After 3-h culture, the GRECs were harvested to detect the relevant parameters. Results: Rutin significantly enhanced the cell activity (p<0.05) and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) (p<0.01) and significantly reduced the apoptosis rate (p<0.05) of LPS-induced GRECs. Rutin significantly increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activity (p<0.01) and significantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity and reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.01). The mRNA and protein levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and the mRNA level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) were significantly increased in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.05 or p<0.01), while rutin supplementation significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL8 in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The mRNA level of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was significantly improved in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.05 or p<0.01), whereas rutin supplementation could significantly reduce the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 (p<0.05 or p<0.01). In addition, rutin had a tendency of decreasing the protein levels of CXCL6, NF-κB, and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B alpha (0.05

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 1973

1. The sericin solubility increased rapidly as the increase of water M-alkalinity. 2. The acidity of the treated water was nutralized at the over 25ppm of M-alkalinity. 3. The more M-alkalinity of the sample water is, the more M-alkalinity was found after cocoon treat. 4. The total hardness of sample water seemed to be droped as M-alkalinity increased. 5. The sericin solubility also seemed to be droped as the increase of water acidity. 6. In case of treat finish with cocoon, the acidity and total hardness seemed to increase as the acidity of the water increased, but M-alkalinity was nutralized at 20~40 ppm of water acidity or the M-alkalinity could not be found in case over 40ppm of acidity. 7. In case increase of iron component with sample water, sericin solubility seemed to drop down, and mangan component showed the same nature but dull drop. 8. After cocoon was treated with water, acidity, M-alkalinity and total hardness were increased by the extraction from cocoon shell because of pH and treating temperature but not because of iron componnent. Mangan component, however, affected as to increase of acidity and total hardness but to decrease for M-alkalinity. 9. In case change of M-alkalinity and total hardness, sericin solubility has increased also. 10. In case constant pH and total hardness, the more M-alkalinity is, the more sericin solubility was found. 11. In case constant pH, total hardness, and M-alkalinity, the more acidity is, the less sericin solubility was found. 12. In case constant pH(6.8) and M-alkalinity, the more total hardness is, the less sericin solubility was found. 13. Though the combination of water, high solubility water, medium solubility water and low solubility water were prepared. The high solubility water desolved sericin 2.2% more than low solubility water. And the medium solubility water desolved sericin as much as 2.4~2.9%. 14. It was found that the most important factors for filature water are pH, M-alkalinity, acidity and total hardness which may need more words for optimum filature water development. 15. In case of repeat use of water, the buffer action of water has increased so that the sericin solubility to be decreased.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 2010

The performance of grass filter strips (GFS) in reducing $PO_4$-P concentrations and soil loss from the forage cropland was tested in an experiment on the 10% slope in Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA) from October 2007 to September 2009. Forage cropland with rye-corn double cropping system receiving inorganic fertilizer or livestock manure (LM) were compared in a natural condition. The plots were hydrologically isolated in a randomized block layout of 3 treatments $\times$ 2 factors $\times$ 3 replicates. Main plots consisted of the length of GFS, such as $25\;m^2$ ($5{\times}5\;m$), $50m^2$ ($5{\times}10\;m$), $75m^2$ ($5{\times}15\;m$). Sub plots consisted of the type of LM, such as chemical fertilizer (CF), cattle manure (CM) and swine manure (SM). Concentrations of $PO_4$-P in surface runoff water were reduced as the length of GFS increased. Especially, GFS with 10 m and 15 m reduced $PO_4$-P concentrations significantly compared to that with 0 m (p<0.05). However, there was not significant different between $PO_4$-P concentrations of GFS with 10m and that of GFS with 15 m. Moreover, Soil loss in surface runoff water were reduced as the length of GFS increased. GFS with 15 m reduced soil loss significantly compared to that with 5 m and 10 m (p<0.05). The results from this study suggest GFS improve the removal and trapping $PO_4$-P and soil loss from forage cropland.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2016

A bacterial strain, producing an excellent lipolytic enzyme, was isolated from the intestinal tracts of an earthworm (Eisenia fetida). The strain was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila by phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characteristics and 16S ribosomal DNA analysis, and was designated as Aeromona hydrophila PL43. The lipolytic enzyme from A. hydrophila PL43 was purified via 35−45% ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-sepharose fast flow ion-exchange, and sephacryl S-300HR gel filtration chromatography. The yield of the purified enzyme was 3.7% and 2.5% of the total activity of crude extracts with p-nitrophenyl butyrate (pNPB) and p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP) as substrates, respectively. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was approximately 74 kDa using gel filtration, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and zymography. The optimal activity of purified enzyme was observed at 50℃ and pH 8.0 using pNPB, and 60℃ and pH 8.0 using pNPP. The purified enzyme was stable in the ranges 20− 60℃ and pH 7.0−10.0. The activity of purified enzyme was inhibited by PMSF, pepstatin A, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Fe²⁺, but was recovered by metal chelating of EDTA. The K_m and V_max values of the purified enzyme were 1.07 mM and 7.27 mM/min using pNPB and 1.43 mM and 2.72 mM/min using pNPP, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.32A no.6
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• pp.75-81
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• 1995

InGaAsP/InP uncooled LDs emitting at 1.3$\mu$m wavelength are of interest for several application of fiber-to-the-home, optical interconnection, long-haul high-bit-rate optical transmission systems, etc. The strain compensated PBH-MQW-LD employing 1.4% compressive strained well (${\lambda}=1.3{\mu}m$) and 0.7% tensile strained barrier (${\lambda}=1.12{\mu}m$) layers grown by low pressure metallicorganic vapor phase epitaxy was found to be low threshold current and stable temperature characteristics. The average threshold current of 5.6mA and average slope efficiency of 0.27mW/mA at room temperature were obtained for uncoated uncooled-LD.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.613-618
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• 1996

Microorganisms capable of producing ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AsA2P) from ascorbic acid (AsA) and pyrophosphate (PPi) were screened from the culture collection of this laboratory. Among them, Cellulomonas sp. AP-7 showed the highest productivity of AsA2P. The optimal conditions for the production of AsA2P from AsA and PPi with cell-free extract as an enzyme source were investigated. The reaction mixture for the maximal production of AsA2P consisted of 21 g protein of cell-free extract per liter as the enzyme source, 250 mM AsA, 200 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 150 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5). By using this reaction mixture, 31.9 mM of AsA2P, which corresponded to a 12.76% yield based on AsA, was produced after incubation of 48 hr at 33$\circ$C.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2002

Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of P/M 6061 Al alloy subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) were investigated. The P/M 6061 Al alloy had an intial grain size of approximately $20\mutextrm{m}$. An equiaxed ultra-fine grained structure with the mean grain size of $~50 \mutextrm{m}$ was obtained by four repetitive ECAP at 473 K. The microhardness of P/M 6061 Al alloy was drastically increased from about 40 Hv to 80 Hv by two repetitive ECAP at 373 K. However, the microhardness decreased with increasing ECAP temperature. The tensile stength of as-hot-pressed P/M 6061 Al alloy before ECAP was 95 MPa, whereas it increased to both 248 MPa after two repetitive ECAP at 373 K and 130 MPa after four repetitive ECAP at 473 K. The tensile properties of the ECAPed sample were compared with those of commercial cast 6061-O and 6061-T4 Al alloys.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.201-201
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• 2016

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.371-376
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• 1992

The growth and cultural characteristics of Bacillus sp. SH-8 and SH-8M were investigated at various pH conditions. Bacillus sp. SH-8 showed normal growth pattern above pH 9.0. However, with the pH adjusted below 7.7, 0.$D_{550}$ decreased rapidly with concomitant reduction in viable cell numbers. In contrast, Bacillus sp. SH-8M demonstrated growth capability at pH 7.7, but with slightly reduced growth rate at pH 6.9. Similar results were obtained when those two strains were cultivated on the solid medium. Both of them showed short rod shapes at pH 10.2. However, at pH 7.7 only Bacillus sp. SH-8 was observed to have elongated rod shape. Extracellular pH of both the strains, when cultured at initial pH of 10.2, reached to 9.0 after the incubation of 28 hours. At the initial pH of 9.0 and 9.6, the extracellular pH was reduced at the beginning of cultivation, but elevated after 12 hours. When cultured at initial pH of 6.9 and 7.7, extracelluar pH of Bacillus sp. SH-8M increased to 8.0 and 8.7, respectively, while that of Bacillus sp. SH8 remained constant pH 7.0. The highest sporulation rate of Bacillus sp. SH-8 and SH-8M was obtained at the initial pH of 10.2 and after the incubation of 3 days with the sporulation rate of 95% and 85%, respectively.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2010

Thirty-four strains of Lactobacillus species were isolated from soil and eight of these isolates (M1-4 and P1-4) were capable of growing on red ginseng agar. The M1 and P2 strains were determined to be L. plantarum and other strains (M2, M3, M4, P1, P3 and P4) were determined to be L. brevis. Fermentation of red ginseng extract (RGE) with strains M1, M2, P2 and P4 resulted in a low level of total carbohydrate content (174.3, 170.0, 158.8 and 164.8 mg/mL, respectively). RGE fermented by M3 showed a higher level of uronic acid than the control. The polyphenol levels in RGE fermented by M1, P1 and P2 (964.9, 941.7 and $965.3\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively) were higher than the control ($936.8\;{\mu}g/mL$). Total saponin contents in fermented RGE (except M1) were higher than the control. RGE fermented by M2 and M3 had the highest levels of total ginsenosides (31.7 and 32.7 mg/mL, respectively). The levels of the ginsenoside Rg3 increased from 2.6 mg/mL (control) to 3.0 mg/mL (M2) or 3.1 mg/mL (M3). RGE fermented by M2 and M3 also had the highest levels of Rg5+Rk1 (7.7 and 8.3 mg/mL, respectively). Metabolite contents of ginsenoside (sum of CK, Rh1, Rg5, Rk1, Rg3 and Rg2) of M2 (13.0 mg/mL) and M3 (13.9 mg/mL) were also at a high level among the fermented RGE. Protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol content of ginsenoside of M2 (10.9 and 5.4 mg/mL, respectively) and M3 (11.0 and 5.7 mg/mL, respectively) were at higher levels than other fermented RGE.