• 성인간호학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.636-647
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• 2004

Purpose: This study aimed at developing the problem-based learning packages on the respiratory and cardiac system of an adult-health nursing course, and to examine the effect of PBL on the knowledge, learning attitude and motivation in nursing students. Method: A total of 7 PBL packages were developed through the analysis of learning contents and integration of concepts. Clinical scenarios used in 7 PBL packages were selected and composed at a respiratory and a cardiovascular unit, a medical ICU and a chest-surgery unit of C university hospital in G-city. The PBL method was implemented 3 hours a week for 12 weeks to 35 students of an experimental group, and the conventional lecture was implemented to 38 students at C college of C province from Sept. to Dec. 2002. A pretest-posttest experimental design was used. Result: The PBL students (n=35) scored significantly higher knowledge than conventional students (n=38) in the area of problem solving (t=3.418, p=. 001). But, there is no significant difference in the memory-dependent knowledge. Also, The level of learning attitude (t=3.570, p=. 001) and learning motivation (t=3.446. p=. 001) was significantly higher in PBL students. Conclusion: PBL method appears to be effective in improving nursing students' problem-solving knowledge and positive learning attitude and motivation.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.417-419
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• 2004

Because of the demands for high performance and high integrated system, the needs for optimal platform becomes more importance. Optimal platform can handle more data effectively with same resources. AMBA(Advanced Microprocessor Bus Architecture)$^{TM}$ defines on-chip communication standard for designing high performance embedded micro-controllers. It is consisted of AHB, ASB and APB. It can support fast implementation and reliability in system that is composed with reusable IPs. DMAC is one of master in system and generate master signals of AHB to communicate data from one slave(peripheral or memory) to another slave. It can reduce burden of CPU and increase system performance. We designed DMAC based on AMBA and it supports 13 Channels. Each channel can be controlled by software program. It decides channel's priority using round-robin method. It can support P2P, P2M, M2P and P2P communication.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.633-641
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 아날로그 데이터 처리가 가능하고, 온라인 학습, 학습 중 새로운 클래스 추가등의 특징을 가진 패턴 인식기를 제안하였다. 제안한 패턴 인식기는 계층적 구조를 가지고 있으며, 각 레벨별로 서로 다른 메트릭을 적용하여 분류 성능을 향상 시켰다. 제안한 패턴 인식기는 신경망 기반의 패턴 인식 알고리즘인 Gaussian ARTMAP 모델을 기반으로 하고 있다. Gaussian ARTMAP 모델을 계층적으로 구성하고, 계층마다 서로 다른 특징을 학습하도록 하기 위하여 Principal Component Emphasis (P.C.E) 방법을 제안하였으며, 이를 이용하여 새로운 메트릭을 생성하는 방법을 제안하였다. P.C.E는 학습된 입력 데이터들의 분산을 이용하여 클래스 내의 공통 속성을 나타내는 분산이 작은 차원을 제거하고 패턴 간의 서로 다른 속성을 나타내는 분산이 큰 차원만 유지하는 방법이다. 제안한 알고리즘의 학습 과정에서 교사 신호와 다르게 분류된 패턴이 발생하면 잘못 분류 된 클래스와 입력된 패턴을 분리하기 위하여 P.C.E를 수행하고 하위 노드에서 학습하게 된다. 실험 결과 제안한 모델은 기존에 제안된 패턴 인식 모델들 보다 높은 분류 성능을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.331-341
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• 2018

A numerical study on the flow over a square cylinder in the vicinity of a wall is conducted for different Couette-Poiseuille-based non-uniform flow with the non-dimensional pressure gradient P varying from 0 to 5. The non-dimensional gap ratio L (=$H^{\ast}/a^{\ast}$) is changed from 0.1 to 2, where $H^{\ast}$ is gap height between the cylinder and wall, and $a^{\ast}$ is the cylinder width. The governing equations are solved numerically through finite volume method based on SIMPLE algorithm on a staggered grid system. Both P and L have a substantial influence on the flow structure, time-mean drag coefficient ${\bar{C}}_D$, fluctuating (rms) lift coefficient ($C_L{^{\prime}}$), and Strouhal number St. The changes in P and L leads to four distinct flow regimes (I, II, III and IV). Following the flow structure change, the ${\bar{C}}_D$, $C_L{^{\prime}}$, and St all vary greatly with the change in L and/or P. The ${\bar{C}}_D$ and $C_L{^{\prime}}$ both grow with increasing P and/or L. The St increases with P for a given L, being less sensitive to L for a smaller P (< 2) and more sensitive to L for a larger P (> 2). A strong relationship is observed between the flow regimes and the values of ${\bar{C}}_D$, $C_L{^{\prime}}$ and St. An increase in P affects the pressure distribution more on the top surface than on bottom surface while an increase in L does the opposite.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1995년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.361-365
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• 1995

P.C box bridges is divided into internal prestressing and extermal prestressing based on arrangement of tendon. In this research the method of establishment of dviation block in advance and analysis of block and the control relationship of tension of external tendon and displacement should be examined by practical example of high speed rail way in aspects of maintenance and repairment.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2008

Objectives : The objective of this study was to observe the correlation between Cervical hypolordosis and Neck pain. Methods : Cervical lordosis(Cobb method[C1-C7], Cobb method[C2-C7], Ishihara index) was measured using the sagittal radiograph of the cervical spine and Neck pain(VAS scale, Neck Disability Index) was evaluated. Based on Cobb method[C1-C7], 48 subjects(Cobb method[C1-C7]${\leq}45^{\circ}$) were divided into Hypolordosis group and Normal group. Window version SPSS 12K was used for statistical analysis about correlation between Cervical lordosis and Neck pain, also about difference of the Neck pain between Normal and Hypolordosis group. Results : It was as follows, 1. Cobb method[C1-C7] and Neck pain(VAS scale, NDI) showed a significant correlation coefficient (p<0.05). Ishihara Index and NDI also showed a significant correlation coefficient of -0.297(p=0.040). 2. The VAS scale in the hypolordosis group was $5.62{\pm}2.34$ and that of the normal group was $3.41{\pm}2.01$(p=0.001). The NDI in the hypolordosis group was $2.30{\pm}0.66$ and that of the normal group was $1.81{\pm}0.51$(p=0.007). There was no significant difference in Age, Sex between both group. Conclusions : There was a significant correlation between Cervical hypolordosis and Neck pain. Hypolordosis group complained a severe neck pain.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.69-90
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• 1996

This study is related to save the bearing capacity from using Meyerhof formula namely, static mechanics formula with the S.P.T(N value) of the soft ground and is to choose the soft ground improvement method by the using of total load for the proper method of the pile foundation and then to design the most suitable pile foundation to fit the actual circumstance. The purpose of this study is calculating the diameter of the pile foundation by static mechanics formula and introducing the optimum design condition from the result of the bearing capacity for using N value of the S.P.T obtained from the deep soft ground about the piles such as P.H.C pile, pipe and cast-in-place pile of big diameter, etc. As above-mentioned, it is considered that the use of P.H.C pile or pipe pile is advisable on the synthetical investigation and that the selection of cast-in-place pile method is desirable in terms of the constructive safety and durability.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.349-355
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• 1994

Viral RNA was extracted from a purified orchid strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV-O) from Cymbidium "Grace Kelly". Polyadenylated viral RNAs were primed with Not I-oligo (dT) primer-adapter. First-strand cDNAs were reversely transcribed by Moloney murine leukaemia virus reverse transcriptase (RNAse H-), and then second-strand cDNAs were synthesized by RNase H and DNA polymerase I. The resulting double-stranded cDNAs were ligated into pSPORT1 vector and transformed into competent E. coli strain JM109 cells. The size of cDNAs within the recombinant plasmids was ranging from 0.9 to 3.9 kb. Among the selected clones, pTMO-0205 and -0210 covered the 3' half and the 5' half of the viral genomic RNA, respectively, which were covering more than 99% of the viral genemo size based on sequencing analysis. Two cDNA fragments which were 3.1 kb BamHI and NotI fragement released from pTMO-0.205 and 3.3 kb SalI and BamHI fragment released from pTMO-0210 were ligated with T4 DNA ligase. The clone was almost entire length, lacking only 31 nucleotides from the 5' terminus based on the sequencing result. This method was shown to be efficiently applicable to other plant viral gnomic RNA for the construction of cDNA.n of cDNA.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.379-399
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• 2013

In practice, analysis of laterally loaded piles is carried out using beams on non-linear Winkler springs model (often known as p-y method) due to its simplicity, low computational cost and the ability to model layered soils. In this approach, soil-pile interaction along the depth is characterized by a set of discrete non-linear springs represented by p-y curves where p is the pressure on the soil that causes a relative deformation of y. p-y curves are usually constructed based on semi-empirical correlations. In order to construct API/DNV proposed p-y curve for clay, one needs two values from the monotonic stress-strain test results i.e., undrained strength ($s_u$) and the strain at 50% yield stress (${\varepsilon}_{50}$). This approach may ignore various features for a particular soil which may lead to un-conservative or over-conservative design as not all the data points in the stress-strain relation are used. However, with the increasing ability to simulate soil-structure interaction problems using highly developed computers, the trend has shifted towards a more theoretically sound basis. In this paper, principles of Mobilized Strength Design (MSD) concept is used to construct a continuous p-y curves from experimentally obtained stress-strain relationship of the soil. In the method, the stress-strain graph is scaled by two coefficient $N_C$ (for stress) and $M_C$ (for strain) to obtain the p-y curves. $M_C$ and $N_C$ are derived based on Semi-Analytical Finite Element approach exploiting the axial symmetry where a pile is modelled as a series of embedded discs. An example is considered to show the application of the methodology.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1992년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 19-21 Oct. 1992
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• pp.502-506
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• 1992

In this study, we proposed the fuzzy modeling method and designed a model-based logic controller for Activated and Sludge Process(A.S.P.) in sewage treatment. The identification of the structure of fuzzy implications is carreid out by use of fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. And to identify the parameters of fuzzy implications, we used the complex and the least square method. To tune the premise parameters automatically the complex method is implemented. The model-based fuzzy controller is designed by rules generated from the identified A.S.P. fuzzy model. The feasibility of the proposed approach is evaluated through the identification of the fuzzy model to describe an input-output relation of the A.S.P.. The performance of identified model-based fuzzy controller is evaluated through the computer simulations.