• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 1972

본 시험은 일본 Miyagi Ken 굴 연구소에서 1969년 채묘된 O. lurida 및 C. angulata를 항공편으로 우송하여 1970년 1월 20일부터 12월까지 경남 거제군 하청면 연구리 옥계지선에서 수하식으로 성육시켜 조사한 것이며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. O. lurida는 평균 각고 36.4mm 각장 29,5mm인 둥근모양으로서 소형굴로 자랐고, C. angulata는 각고 87.4mm, 각장 52.3mm인 타원형으로서 대형굴 형태로 성장했다. 2. O. lurida, C. angulata는 다같이 수온이 $16^{\circ}C$ 이상일 때 6, 7월시에 성장도가 좋았으며, 이때의 비중은 $1.01717\~1.02368$ 사이였다. 3. 각고 각장간의 상대적인 변화는 O. lurida는 년간 큰 차가 없었으나, C. angulata는 7월에서부터 현저한 차를 이루어 11월에 35.8mm로 그 차가 가장 컸다. 4. 치사율은 O. lurida는 $35.2\%$였으며, C. angulata는 $21.7\%$를 나타냈다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2006

Recycling industrial wastes such as fly ash from a coal burning heat power plant and shell from an oyster farming were investigated to prevent environment contamination as well as to enhance the value of recycling materials. In this study, the lightweight aggregates and the red bricks were fabricated from fly ashes with other inorganic materials and wastes. The starting materials of the lightweight aggregate were fly ash powder and water glass, and the compacts of these materials were heat treated at $1100^{\circ}C$. The fabricated lightweight aggregates had low bulk density, $0.9-1.2\;g/cm^3$, hence floated on the water and had the strength of 7.0-11.0 MPa and the modulus of 2900-3300 MPa which indicates it has enough strength as the aggregate. Another type of the light weight aggregate was prepared from fly ashes, shell powders and clays. The bulk density, porosity, and compressive strength of these aggregates were $1.19-1.34\;g/cm^3,\;18.3{\sim}56.1%$ and 5-12 MPa, respectively. The addition of a small amount of fly ash powder prevented hydration of the light weight aggregates. The red brick was also fabricated from the fly ash containing materials. It is suitable for the brick facing of a building as it has moderate strength and low water absorption rate.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2014

To determine Pb species in soils following the immobilization process, sequential extraction has been used despite the possibility of overestimating Pb species from unintended reactions during chemical extraction. Meanwhile, the application of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) has been shown to provide a more precise result than chemical extraction. In this study, the immobilization of Pb in contaminated soils treated with liming materials such as oyster shell (OS) or eggshell (ES) was evaluated with thermodynamic modelling and EXAFS analysis. Thermodynamic modelling by visual MINTEQ predicted the precipitation of $Pb(OH)_2$ in OS and ES treated soils. In particular, the values of saturation index (SI) for $Pb(OH)_2$ in OS (SI=0.286) and ES (SI=0.453) treated soils were greater than in the control soil (SI=0.281). Linear combination fitting (LCF) analysis confirmed the presence of $C_{12}H_{10}O_{14}Pb_3$ (lead citrate, 44.7%) by citric acid from plant root, Pb-gibbsite (Pb adsorbed gibbsite, 26.4%), and Pb-kaolinite (Pb adsorbed kaolinite, 20.3%) in the control soil. On the other hand, $Pb(OH)_2$ (16.8%), Pb-gibbsite (39.3%), and Pb-kaolinite (25.6%) were observed in the OS treated soil and $Pb(OH)_2$ (55.2%) and Pb-gibbsite (33.8%) were also confirmed in the ES treated soil. Our results indicate that the treatment with OS and ES immobilizes Pb by adsorption of Pb onto the soil minerals as a result of the increase in soil negative charge and the formation of stable $Pb(OH)_2$ under high pH condition of soils.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.596-603
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• 2015

This study investigated the effects of adding oyster shell powder (OSP) from Crassostrea gigas on the food quality of Chinese cabbage Kimchi (CCK). We monitored the changes in microbial levels, pH, acidity and sensory evaluation during the fermentation of CCK treated with various contents of OSP. The microbial assay showed that adding OSP to CCK inhibited the growth of viable cells, total coliforms, and lactic acid bacteria, with the greatest growth inhibition against lactic acid bacteria over the fermentation period. After fermentation for 18 days, the lactic acid bacterial counts in CCK treated with OSP (0.3%, 0.5% and 1%) were at least 1 log CFU/g lower than those of control CCK. In addition, the pH and acidity of CCK treated with OSP were lower than in control CCK over the fermentation period. The overall sensory evaluation of CCK with 0.3% OSP was better than that of control CCK after fermentation for 24 days. In conclusion, OSP treatment, especially 0.3% OSP, enhances the food quality and extends the self-life of CCK, while minimizing the detrimental effects on its sensory characteristics.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.763-770
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• 2018

Bioremediation in situ is heavily dependent on the oxygenic environment which would privide the dwelling microorganism with sufficient oxygen. The situation could be easily resolved with supply of an Oxygen Releasing Compound (ORC). In this paper we prepared that sort of material out of oyster shell powder (mostly calcium carbonate) that prevails every shore areas of the country. We used two different oxidizing methods in the first step of the whole manufacturing process-conventional heating in a furnace and an ultrasound generator to obtain calcium oxide. Then that calcium oxide was further oxidized into calcium peroxide which may release oxygen under a moisturized condition. The oxygen releasing experiments were run to test the performance of our products, and to determine the gas kinetics during the experiments. Interestingly, calcium peroxide derived from ultrasound treatment was much more energy-effective as ORC than that from furnace heating although the heat derived process was better than that of ultrasound in terms of oxygen content and its releasing rate. We also found that most of the data collected from the gas releasing experiments fairly supported an ordinary $1^{st}$ order kinetics to oxygen concentration, which shaped a sharp discharge of oxygen at the very early moment of each test.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2004

사천의 가화천에 서식하는 강굴, Crassostrea rivularis 의 성장과 산란기가 조사되었다. 2년생 강굴의 각고는 10월에 56.7 ${\pm}$ 4.8 mm에서 이듬해 6월에 87.7 ${\pm}$ 24.6 mm 범위였으며, 3년생은 123.0 ${\pm}$ 24.7 mm 에서 133.2 ${\pm}$ 10.5 mm 크기였다. 비만도는 0.0409 ${\pm}$ 0.0138 (10월) 에서 0.0732 ${\pm}$ 0.0267 (7월) 범위로, 12월에 증가하기 시작하여 7월에 최고값을 보였으며 그 후 빠르게 감소하였다. 비만도와 각중에 대한 육중의 상대성장을 바탕으로 강굴의 산란기는 7, 8월로 판명되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of oyster shell calcium powder (OSCP) as a substitute for phosphates in curing agent, on the quality of restructured pork ham. Restructured pork ham was processed under six treatment conditions: T1 (no additives), T2 (0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate), T3 (1.5% NaCl+0.5% whey protein), T4 (1.5% NaCl+0.5% whey protein+0.15% OSCP), T5 (1.5% NaCl+0.5% whey protein+0.3% OSCP), and T6 (1.5% NaCl+0.5% whey protein+0.5% OSCP). Addition of OSCP significantly increased the ash content and pH of restructured pork ham (p<0.05), but did not affect the cooking loss and water holding capacity values of restructured pork ham. Addition of OSCP had no effect on Hunter a and b surface color values of restructured pork ham, but did decrease the Hunter L surface color value (p<0.05). The addition of 0.5% OSCP showed significantly higher chewiness and springiness values of restructured pork ham, compared with the addition of phosphates (p<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of OSCP combined with low NaCl and 0.5% whey protein can be considered a viable substitute for phosphates in the curing agent, when processing restructured pork ham.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.716-722
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• 2003

This study determined the optimum dosage for coagulation reactions of red tide organisms (RTO) using a combination of ignited oyster shell powder (10sp) and loess and examined the electrokinetic and rheological characteristics of their flocs. Two kinds of RTO, Cylindrotheca closterium and Skeletonema costatum, were sampled in Masan Bay and cultured in the laboratory. Coagulation experiments were conducted using various concentrations of IOSP, loess, IOSP+1oess, RTO, and a jar tester RTO cell numbers were counted for both the supernatant and RTO culture solution. The removal rates increased rapidly with increasing IOSP concentrations up to 50 mg/L and loess concentrations up to 800 mg/L. A removal rate of $100\%$ was reached at 400 mg/L of IOSP and 6,400 mg/L of loess. The highest increment $(16.7\%)$ of the rates of coagulation reaction occurred using both IOSP and loess (50+200 mg/L) in comparison with IOSP alone. The rate of coagulation reaction using both IOSP and loess (50+200 mg/L), $90.6\%,$ was similar to employing either IOSP of 150 mg/L or loess of 3,200 mg/L. All of the coagulation liquids for RTO, IOSP (200 mg/L), loess (200 ma/L), and IOSP+1oess (200+200 mg/L) revealed non-Newtonian fluid properties and therefore their shear rate vs. shear stress curves were non-linear. The coagulation liquids revealed elastic body properties at a lower shear rate increasing in the following order: RTO, IOSP (200 mg/L), loess (200 mg/L), and IOSP+1oess (200+200 mg/L. IOSP+1oess (200+200 mg/L) especially demonstrated plastic flow properties at a lower shear rate.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.397-403
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• 2021

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed and safety evaluation was carried out in Korean coastal area. The target congeners were benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and chrysene. The method of analysis was significant. The highest PAHs 4 congener concentrations (12.2 ㎍/kg) was found in the mussel of Gangwon area. Comparison among the average concentration of PAHs for each congener showed that, benzo[a] anthracene was found in mussel (0.276 ㎍/kg), oyster (0.463 ㎍/kg), ark shell clam (1.92 ㎍/kg), and chrysene was found in mussel (0.848 ㎍/kg), oyster (1.36 ㎍/kg), scallop (0.489 ㎍/kg), sea squirt (3.07 ㎍/kg), and ark shell clam (0.449 ㎍/kg). In addition, benzo[b]fluoranthene was found in mussel (0.253 ㎍/kg), scallop (0.244 ㎍/kg), and sea squirt (1.64 ㎍/kg). The most hazardous benzo[a]pyrene was found in mussel (0.147 ㎍/kg), and scallop (0.244 ㎍/kg), it was not detected in the other shellfishes. However, all the PAHs levels recorded in this study did not exceed international MRLs. There was no significant difference among the PAHs concentration in shellfish based on sampling area or species. Body exposure was calculated based on PAHs concentration and intake rate. The results of this study indicated that PAHs in shellfish were within acceptable safe levels.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.245-268
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• 2023

The effects of phosphate alternatives on meat quality in marinated chicken were investigated with the application of chilling and freezing. Breast muscles were injected with solution of the green weight containing 1.5% NaCl and 2% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) or phosphate alternatives. Treatment variables consisted of no phosphate [control (-)], 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate [control (+)], 0.3% prune juice (PJ), 0.3% oyster shell, 0.3% nano-oyster shell, and 0.3% yeast and lemon extract (YLE) powder. One-third of the meat samples were stored at 4℃ for 1 d, and the rest of the meats were kept at -18℃ for 7 d. In chilled meat, a lower drip loss was noted for control (+) and YLE, whereas higher cooking yield in YLE compared to all tested groups. Compared with control (+), the other treatments except PJ showed higher pH, water holding capacity, moisture content, lower thawing and cooking loss, and shear force. Natural phosphate alternatives except for PJ, improved the CIE L^* compared to control (-), and upregulated total protein solubility. However, phosphate alternatives showed similar or higher oxidative stability and impedance measurement compared to control (+), and an extensive effect on myofibrillar fragmentation index. A limited effect was observed for C^*, h°, and free amino acids in treated meat. Eventually, the texture profile attributes in cooked of phosphate alternatives improved except for PJ. The results indicate the high potential use of natural additives could be promising and effective methods for replacing synthetic phosphate in chilled and frozen chicken with quality enhancement.