• 분석과학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2004

고성능 액체 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 고삼 중의 oxymatrine을 분석하였다. acetonitrile을 포함하는 완충용액과 $C_{18}$컬럼을 이용한 역상 크로마토그래피를 수행하였다. Oxymatrine의 분리는 215 nm에서 UV흡수가 관측되었다. 고삼 중의 oxymatrine의 추출은 다양한 용매와 다양한 추출방법을 사용한 결과, 마쇄한 고삼의 최적의 추출 효율은 $80^{\circ}C$에서 50% ethanol로 5시간 동안 환류가열 하였을 때 가장 높은 효율을 보였다. 대부분의 추출 방법은 복잡한 전처리를 필요로 하지만, 본 연구에서는 승화 추출법으로 복잡한 전처리를 제외시킨 추출법을 고안하였다. 승화 추출은 높은 진공 ($1{\times}10^{-3}$ torr) 과 높은 온도 ($200^{\circ}C$)에서 수행되었다. 승화 추출법을 사용한 추출 효율은 다른 추출 방법들과 비교해서 전처리 과정을 거치지 않은 장점은 있었으나 추출 효율이 좀 낮았다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2022

As the mechanism underlying glucose metabolism regulation by oxymatrine is unclear, this study investigated the effects of oxymatrine on pyroptosis in INS-1 cells. Flow cytometry was employed to examine cell pyroptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cell pyroptosis was also investigated via transmission electron microscopy and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Protein levels were detected using western blotting and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The caspase-1 activity and DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 protein (Nrf2) were also assessed. In the high glucose and high fat-treated INS-1 cells (HG + PA), the caspase-1 activity and LDH content, as well as Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3, Gsdmd-N, caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels were increased. Moreover, P65 protein levels increased in the nucleus but decreased in the cytoplasm. Oxymatrine attenuated these effects and suppressed high glucose and high fat-induced ROS production. The increased levels of nuclear Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the HG + PA cells were further elevated after oxymatrine treatment, whereas cytoplasmic Nrf2 and Keleh-like ECH-associated protein levels decreased. Additionally, the elevated transcriptional activity of p65 in HG + PA cells was reduced by oxymatrine, whereas that of Nrf2 increased. The results indicate that the inhibition of pyroptosis in INS-1 cells by oxymatrine, a key factor in its glucose metabolism regulation, involves the suppression of the NF-κB pathway and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.360-370
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• 2020

Background: Sophora flavescens AIT root is used as a herbal medicine in Asian culture. This study was aimed at selecting the best cultivars, by comparing growth characteristics, active ingredients, and antioxidant activities. Methods and Results: A total twenty nine accessions of S. flavescens were collected from five different regions in Korea. Plant height, leaf length, peduncle length, fresh root weight, and seed weight were the growth characteristics selected. Antioxidant activity was determined by measuring the total polyphenol (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) as well as the radical scavenging activity of DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. Oxymatrine and matrine, active ingredients in S. flavescens were analyzed by HPLC. Results indicated that accession YS-11 had the highest plant height (152.5 cm) and peduncle length (54.0 cm). The fresh root weight was highest in JA-01 at 4.9 kg, while the highest total seed weight was recorded in accession BH-04 at 77.7 g. The YS-03 accession contained the highest oxymatrine and matrine total contents (0.9616% and 0.9638%, respectively). Accessions BH-02, YS-11, YS-05, and MJ-03 had the highest levels of antioxidant activity (p < 0.05). Oxymatrine showed a high correlation with TPC and FRAP. TPC showed high correlations with TFC, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. TFC showed a high correlation with DPPH. Conclusions: The superior lines can be selected for use as standard variety breeding material by comparing the growth characteristics of the accessions.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.401-412
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• 2018

Oxymatrine (OMT) often used in treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus infection in clinic. However, OMT-induced liver injury has been reported. In this study, we aim to investigate the possible mechanism of OMT-induced hepatotoxicity in human normal liver cells (L02). Exposed cells to OMT, the cell viability was decreased and apoptosis rate increased, the intracellular markers of oxidative stress were changed. Simultaneously, OMT altered apoptotic related proteins levels, including Bcl-2, Bax and pro-caspase-8/-9/-3. In addition, OMT enhanced the protein levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress makers (GRP78/Bip, CHOP, and cleaved-Caspase-4) and phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), as well as the mRNA levels of GRP78/Bip, CHOP, caspase-4, and ER stress sensors (IREI, ATF6, and PERK). Pre-treatment with Z-VAD-fmk, JNK inhibitor SP600125 and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, partly improved the survival rates and restored OMT-induced cellular damage, and reduced caspase-3 cleavage. SP600125 or NAC reduced OMT-induced p-JNK and NAC significantly lowered caspase-4. Furthermore, 4-PBA, the ER stress inhibitor, weakened inhibitory effect of OMT on cells, on the contrary, TM worsen. 4-PBA also reduced the levels of p-JNK and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins. Therefore, OMT-induced injury in L02 cells was related to ROS mediated p-JNK and ER stress induction. Antioxidant, by inhibition of p-JNK or ER stress, may be a feasible method to alleviate OMT-induced liver injury.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2023

제충국(Tanacetum cineariaiaefolium), 데리스(Derris elliptica), 고삼(Sophora flavescens) 추출물은 다양한 해충을 방제하는데 사용되고 있다. 하지만, 국내에서 판매되고 있는 식물추춞물 자재는 유효성분의 표기가 없고, 살충농도와 살충시간에 대한 자료가 전무한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 상용화된 주요 식물추출물의 살충유효성분의 농도를 결정하고 복숭아혹진딧물에 대해 살충농도와 살충시간을 측정하였다. 식물추출물의 살충활성성분인 pyrethrins, rotenone, matrine과 oxymatrine의 농도는 액체 크로마토그래피에서 표준물질을 활용하여 질량분석을 통해 측정하였다. 식물추출물을 농도별로 희석하여 복숭아혹진딧물에 살포하여 살충력을 측정하였다. 표준화합물과 비교한 후 질량분석 및 결정했습니다. Myzus persicae에 대한 lethal concentation과 lethal time을 조사했다. 살포 후 48시간 후 치사 농도(LC50)는 pyrethrins (20.4 ppm), roteone (34.1 ppm), matrine (29.6 ppm)였고, 100 ppm 살포한 LT50은 pyrethrins (13.4시간), rotenone (15.1시간), matrine (14.4시간)로 측정되었다. Kaplan-Meier 생존분석 결과, 100 ppm에서 세 가지 식물 추출물의 LT50은 대조구인 화학 살충제인 Sulfoxaflor를 살포 처리구보다 유의하게 빨랐습니다. 본 결과는 복숭아혹진딧물 방제를 위해 식물추출물의 제형화에 단일 또는 혼합 제제를 개발하는데 기준 살충농도와 살충시간을 제고하는데 의미가 있다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2015

님 추출물 또는 고삼 추출물을 주원료로 하는 유기농업자재의 유효성분인 limonoid계 4성분 (azadirachtin A, azadirachtin B, deacetylsalannin, salannin)과 alkaloid계 2성분 (matrine, oxymatrine)을 중심으로 열 안정성을 평가하였다. 시험은 $30^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, $54^{\circ}C$에서 각각 진행하였으며, 님 추출물을 주성분으로 하는 유기농업자재 3종에서 유효성분 반감기는 25.6-220일로 제품에 따라 열 안정성의 차이가 큰 것을 확인하였다. 반면, 고삼 추출물을 주성분으로 하는 유기농업자재의 유효성분 반감기는 231-346일로 님 추출물에 비해 상대적으로 열 안정성이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2009

친환경농산물 재배농가에서 해충방제용으로 널리 사용하고 있는 천연식물추출물과 목록공시된 친환경유기농자재를 대상으로 점박이응애, 복숭아혹진딧물, 배추좀나방에 대한 살충효과를 검정하였다. 천연식물추출물 중 고삼뿌리추출물(oxymatrine)이 복숭아혹진딧물(72.1%)과 점박이응애(98%)에 대한 살충효과가 가장 높았으며 고삼추출물(matrine)이 배추좀나방에 대한 살충효과가 가장 높았다(97%). 목록공시된 친환경유기농자재 중 담배잎추출물, 고삼추출물, 멀구슬나무추출물 유래 자재를 선발하여 복숭아혹진딧물과 점박이응애에 대한 살충효과를 검정해본 결과(~98%) 높은 살충력을 보여주었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: The stabilities of the two alkaloidal insecticides of S. flavescens including matrine and oxymatrine are important factor to establish expiry date and usage manual for crop protection. However, the environmental stability of the compounds had not been studied with the extract and its commercial biopesticide. METHODS AND RESULTS: The environmental stabilities of the two alkaloids were performed with extract of S. flavescens, and its two commercial biopesticides both in controlled aquatic and soil conditions. The half-lives of the total matrines for the extract and its two commercial biopesticides were estimated over 200 days both under aerobic and anaerobic water condition. Under dry soil condition, the initial decay rates of the matrines were calculated 0.0804-0.1275 ($t_{1/2}$ 5.4-8.6 days), and the half-lives under wet soil condition were calculated 33.0-231 days. Total soil bacteria on the wet soil ranged 6.0-8.0 log CFU/g-soil during the experiments period. CONCLUSION: The aquatic mixture of the extract showed excellent stability both with the extract and its biopesticides, however, the stability of soil mixture were shorter than the aquatic mixture, suggesting that soil metal consider as a catalyst for the degradation of the two alkaloids.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.190-194
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• 2005

In our search for monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors from natural resources, we found that the methanol extract of the roots of Sophora flavescens showed an inhibitory effect on mouse brain monoamine oxidase (MAO). Bioactivity-guided isolation of the extract yielded two known flavonoids, formononetin (1) and kushenol F (2), as active compounds along with three inactive compounds, oxymatrine (3), trifolirhizin (4), and ${\beta}$-sitosterol (5). Formononetin (1) and kushenol F (2) showed significant inhibitory effects on MAO in a dose-dependent manner with $IC_{50}$ values of 13.2 and $69.9\;{\mu}M$, respectively. Formononetin (1) showed a slightly more potent inhibitory effect against MAO-B ($IC_{50}:\;11.0\;{\mu}M$) than MAO-A ($IC_{50}:\;21.2\;{\mu}M$). Kushenol F (2) also preferentially inhibited the MAO-B activity than MAO-A activity with the $IC_{50}$ values of 63.1 and $103.7\;{\mu}M$, respectively.