• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2000년도 제29회 국제학술심포지움 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.105-105
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• 2000

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.340-345
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• 2004

Our work in this study was made in the microsomal fraction to evaluate the lipid peroxidation by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and to elucidate the preventive role of CS in the $CCl_4$-induced oxidative stress. The excessive lipid peroxidation by free radicals derived from $CCl_4$ leads to the condition of oxidative stress which results in the accumulation of MDA. MDA is one of the end-products in the lipid peroxidation process and oxidative stress. MDA, lipid peroxide, produced in this oxidative stress causes various diseases related to aging and hepatotoxicity, etc. Normal cells have a number of enzymatic and nonenzymatic endogenous defense systems to protect themselves from reactive species. The enzymes in the defense systems, for example, are SOD, CAT, and GPx. They quickly eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion free radicalㆍO$^{[-10]}$ $_2$, hydrogen peroxide $H_2O$$_2$ and hydroxyl free radicalㆍOH. CS inhibited the accumulation of MDA and the deactivation of SOD, CAT and GPx in the dose-dependent and preventive manner. Our study suggests that CS might be a potential scavenger of free radicals in the oxidative stress originated from the lipid peroxidation of the liver cells of $CCl_4$-treated rats.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2009

The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated with a xanthine (X) and xanthine oxidase system (XO) on sperm function and DNA fragmentation in porcine spermatozoa. ROS were produced by a combination of $1,000{\mu}M$ X and 50 mU/ml XO. The ROS scavengers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) (200 U/ml) and catalase (CAT) (500 U/ml) were also tested. Spermatozoa were incubated for 2 hours in BWW medium with a combination of X-XO supplemented with or without antioxidants at $37^{\circ}C$ under 5% $CO_2$ incubator. Ca-ionophore-induced acrosome reaction, the proportion of swollen spermatozoa under hypo-osmotic condition, malondialdehyde formation for the analysis of lipid peroxidation, and the proportion of DNA fragmentation were determined after 2 hours incubation. The action of ROS on porcine spermatozoa resulted in decreased Ca-ionophore-induced acrosome reaction and membrane integrity, increased the formation of malondialdehyde, and the proportion of sperm with DNA fragmentation(p<0.05). The toxic effects caused by ROS were completely alleviated by CAT in terms of sperm function and characteristics, however SOD did not serve the same scavenger effect as CAT. To conclude, the ROS can cause significant damage to porcine sperm functions and characteristics, which can be minimized by the use of antioxidants.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2007

Objectives: Our previous studies have clearly demonstrated that the scavenging activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protective effect of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and inhibition of cytochrome P450 isozymes (CYPs) from the Circium japonicum aqua-acupuncture solution (CJAS). But, Circium japonicum water extracted solution (CJWS) was weakly reported in cardiovascular diseases such as oxidative stress-mediated atherosclerosis or its value evaluated. Methods: CJWS was assessed to determine the mechanism of its scavenging activity of ROS and inhibitory effect of CYP 2E1. Results: CJWS exhibited a concentration-dependent scavenger of DPPH and superoxide anions radicals using different assay systems. In addition, CJWS showed dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity, including hydroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite, and nitric oxide. The CJWS was also found to be effective in protecting rat liver homogenate against LPO. Futhermore, the CJWS showed significant inhibition of CYP 2E1 induced by pyrazol in a rat liver microsome. Conclusion : ROS and CYPs may play a role in several diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Our study demonstrated that the CJWS has excellent scavenging activity of ROS. Hence, it is worthwhile to investigate the potential effectiveness of CJWS in preventing oxidative stress-mediated cardiovascular diseases.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1509-1519
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• 2011

The protective effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the antioxidant system under paraquat(PQ) stress was investigated in leaves of 8-week-old lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants. PQ stress caused a decrease of leaf growth including leaf length, width and weight. Application of NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), significantly alleviated PQ stress induced growth suppression. SNP permitted the survival of more green leaf tissue preventing chlorophyll content reduction and of higher quantum yield for photosystem II than in non-treated controls under PQ exposure, suggesting that NO has protective effect on chloroplast membrane in lettuce leaves. Flavonoids and anthocyanin were significantly accumulated in the leaves upon PQ exposure. However, the rapid increase of these compounds was alleviated in the SNP treated leaves. PQ treatment resulted in lipid peroxidation and induced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) in the leaves, while SNP prevented PQ induced increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and $H_2O_2$. These results demonstrate that SNP serves as an antioxidant agent able to scavenge $H_2O_2$ to protect plant cells from oxidative damage. The activities of two antioxidant enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in lettuce leaves in the presence of NO donor under PQ stress were higher than those under PQ stress alone. Application of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), a specific NO scavenger, to the lettuce leaves arrested SNP mediated protective effect on leaf growth, photosynthetic pigment and antioxidant systems. However, PTIO had little effect on lettuce leaves under PQ stress compared with that of PQ stress alone. The obtained data suggest that the damage caused by PQ stress is in part due to increased generation of active oxygen by maintaining increased antioxidant enzyme activities and SNP protects plants from oxidative stress. From these results it is suggested that NO might act as a signal in activating active oxygen scavenging system that protects plants from oxidative damage induced by PQ stress and thus confer PQ tolerance.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1615-1621
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• 2005

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are widely implicated in the aging process and age-related diseases. The present study was carried out to investigate scavenging activities of Junglans sinensis extract and its subfraction using fluorescent probes, DCF-DA, DAF-2 and DHR 123. Jungians sinensis was washed and crushed. The crushed Junglans sinensis was extracted 3times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 16 g. Scavenging activities of $ONOO^-$ was measured by Kooy' method and ROS was measured by DCFDA assay. Junglans sinensis had the marked scavenging activites of $ONOO^-$, NO and $O_2^-$. Junglans sinensis scavenged $ONOO^-$ through electron donation and dose-dependently inhibited the nitration of bovine serum albumin by $ONOO^-$. Junglans sinensis also had ROS scavenging activity. Especially, ethylacetate fraction of Junglans sinensis showed the most effective scavenging activities for ROS and RNS. These results suggest that Junglans sinensis might be developed as an effective ROS and RNS scavenger Therefore, Junglans sinensis might be used as a preventive agent for the aging and relevant to aging of illness.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.675-680
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• 2002

In order to investigate the underlying mechanism of HCI in oesophagitis, the inflammatory response to HCI was observed in RBL-2H3 mast cells. Rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells were used to measure histamine release, arachidonic acid (AA) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite generation induced by HCI. Exogenous HCl increased the level of histamine release and ROS generation in a dose dependent manner, whereas it decreased the spontaneous release of [$^3$H] M and the spontaneous production of peroxynitrite. Mepacrine (10 $\mu$M), oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (10 $\mu$M) and bromoenol lactone (10 $\mu$M) did not affect both the level of histamine release and ROS generation induced by HCI. U73122 (1 $\mu$M), a specific phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor did not have any influence on level of histamine release and ROS generation. Propranolol (200 $\mu$M), a phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitor, and neomycin (1 mM), a nonspecific PLC and PLD inhibitor, significantly inhibited both histamine release and ROS generation. Diphenyleneiodonium (10 $\mu$M), a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, and tiron (5 mM), an intracellular ROS scavenger significantly inhibited the HCI-induced histamine release and ROS generation. These findings suggest that the inflammatory responses to HCI is related to histamine release and ROS generation, and that the ROS generation by HCI may be involved in histamine release via the PLD pathway in RBL-2H3 cells.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2006

Maitotoxin (MTX) is known as one of the most potent marine toxins involved in Ciguatera poisoning, but intracellular signaling pathways caused by MTX was not fully understood. Thus, we have investigated whether intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in MTX-induced cellular responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. MTX induced a dose-dependent increase of intracellular [$Ca^{2+}$]. MTX stimulated the production of intracellular ROS in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was suppressed by BAPTA-AM, an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator. Ionomycin also elevated the ROS production in a dose-dependent manner. MTX elevated transamidation activity in a time-dependent manner and the activation was largely inhibited by transfection of tissue transglutaminase siRNA. The activation of tissue transglutaminase and ERK1/2 by MTX was suppressed by BAPTA-AM or ROS scavengers. In addition, MTX-induced cell death was significantly delayed by BAPTA-AM or a ROS scavenger. These results suggest that [$Ca^{2+}$]-dependent generation of intracellular ROS, at least in part, play an important role in MTX-stimulated cellular responses, such as activation of tTGase, ERK phosphorylation, and induction of cell death, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.383-398
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• 2023

Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol (DA), the synthetic precursor of a natural compound (austrasulfone) isolated from the coral species Cladiella australis, has shown cytotoxic effects against cancer cells. However, it is unknown whether DA has antitumor effects on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we determined the antitumor effects of DA and investigated its mechanism of action on human NPC cells. The MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of DA. Subsequently, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) analyses were performed by using flow cytometry. Apoptotic and PI3K/AKT pathway-related protein expression was determined using Western blotting. We found that DA significantly reduced the viability of NPC-39 cells and determined that apoptosis was involved in DA-induced cell death. The activity of caspase-9, caspase-8, caspase-3, and PARP induced by DA suggested caspase-mediated apoptosis in DA-treated NPC-39 cells. Apoptosis-associated proteins (DR4, DR5, FAS) in extrinsic pathways were also elevated by DA. The enhanced expression of proapoptotic Bax and decreased expression of antiapoptotic BCL-2 suggested that DA mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. DA reduced the expression of pPI3K and p-AKT in NPC-39 cells. DA also reduced apoptosis after introducing an active AKT cDNA, indicating that DA could block the PI3K/AKT pathway from being activated. DA increased intracellular ROS, but N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, reduced DA-induced cytotoxicity. NAC also reversed the chances in pPI3K/AKT expression and reduced DA-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that ROS-mediates DA-induced apoptosis and PI3K/AKT signaling inactivation in human NPC cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.291-295
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• 2002

SD계 흰쥐를 사용하여 평균적으로 하루에 솔잎 추출물의 BuOH 획분을 25, 50, 100mg/kg BW가 섭취하도록 사료에 첨가하여 45일 동안 투여하였다. BuOH-25 투여그룹을 제외한 BuOH-5- 및 BuOH-100 투여그룹의 mitochondria 및 microsomes은 대조그룹 대비 11.6%, 20.1% 및 10.5%, 13.5%의 매우 유의적인 간장 내 콜레스테롤 침착 억제효과가 인정되었다. BuOH-25, BuOH-50, BuOH-100 투여그룹의 mitochondria에서는 대조그룹 대비 2.9%, 13.3%, 18.5%의 .OH 라디칼 억제효과로서 BuOH-5- 및 Bu-OH-100 투여그룹에서 높은 유의성이 인정되었으며, microsome에서는 대조그룹 대비 15.7%, 20.0%, 20.6%의 매우 효과적인 .OH 라디칼의 생성 억제효과가 인정되었다. 또한 BuOH-25, BuOH-50, BuOH-100 투여그룹의 간장 cytosol 획분에서는 대조그룹 대비 5.2%, 8.0%, 11.1%의 $O_2$라디칼의 생성 억제효과로서 BuOH-50 및 BuOH-100 투여 그룹에서 유의성이 인정되었다. 간장 mitochondria 획분에서 BuOH-25, BuOH-50, BuOH-100 투여그룹의 Cu/Zn-SOD 활성은 대조그룹 대비 각각 4.6%, 10.3%, 15.9%의 Cu/Zn-SOD 활성 증가효과로서 BuOH-50 및 BuOH-100 투여그룹에서 유의성이 인정되었지만, Mn-SOD 활성은 세가지 BuOH 투여그룹의 유의성은 나타나지 않았다. BuOH-25, BuOH-50, BuOH-100 투여그룹의 간장 cytosol 획분에서는 대조그룹 대비 각각 9.0%, 19.4%, 25.6%의 매우 유의적인 GPx 활성 증가효과가 인정되었다. 따라서 솔잎의 BuOH 획분은 조직의 콜레스테롤의 침착을 효과적으로 억제효과할 뿐만 아니라 활성산소의 생성을 유의적으로 억제하고 제거 효소의 활성을 증가시킴으로써 노화과정을 효과적으로 억제할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.