• 센서학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1993

본 논문에서는 혈액의 산소포화도를 비추출식으로 측정하기 위한 광 센서와 센서 시스템을 나타내었다. 광센서의 광원으로는 665nm와 805nm의 파장을 가지는 LED를 사용하여 구성하였고, 감지기로는 PIN 포토다이오드를 이용하여 각 센서부를 구성하였다. 이들 광원과 감지기를 이용하여 Flat Pack에 광 센서를 제작하였다. 혈액의 산소포화도를 측정하기 위한 센서 시스템을 신호 증폭기, 필터, 디스 플레이 장치, A/D 컨버터, 마이크로프로세서와 메모리 등으로 설계, 제작하였다. 그리고, 비추출식으로 산소포화도를 측정하기 위한 모의 실험 장치를 구성하여 모의 실험을 행하였다. 실험 결과, 산소포화도의 변화에 따른 각 파장의 출력치 변화를 비교하여 보면 665nm의 파장에서의 출력 변화가 805nm의 파장에서의 출력 변화보다 5배 정도 크게 변화하였다. 그리고, 산소포화도가 100%에서 60%로 변화할 때, 각 파장의 비(R805/R665)는 선형적으로 변화하였다. 그러므로, 100%에서 60%까지의 산소포화도 범위에서, 개발된 센서는 산소포화도의 변화를 5% 정도의 해상도로서 측정가능하였다. 따라서, 개발된 광센서가 인공 심장의 대동맥과 대정맥에 연결된다면 정확하고 신속하게 인공 심장을 제어할 수 있을 것이다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2012

Purpose: In this study changes were observed in body temperature, heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) of newborns after bathing and to determine the effects of covering their heads with cotton hats after bathing. Methods: Participants were 58 newborn infants, 31 in the experimental group had their heads covered with cotton hats after their bath while 27 in the control group did not. Body temperature, arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured at 8 consecutive times after bathing. Data were analyzed using t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Body temperature declined shortly after bathing. The experimental group showed faster recovery (p<.001). Heart rate increased after bathing in both groups. Heart rate in the experimental group decreased for 120 minutes and gradually increased to baseline (p<.001). In the control group, heart rate decreased for 180 minutes and then increased but did not reach the baseline (p<.001). Arterial oxygen saturation decreased shortly after bathing and recovery to the baseline was more rapid in the experimental group (30 minutes vs. 60 minutes) (p<.001). Conclusion: With significant changes observed in newborns' body temperature, arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate, covering the head right after bathing is effective in stabilizing infants' physiological system.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Purpose: The research was to investigate the effect of line dance programs on oxygen saturation level and happiness of elderlies. Methods: Researchers had conducted a series of test to measure peripheral blood vessel oxygen saturation level, pulse and happiness level of 47 elderlies from the D district of G city. Collected data were analyzed with ${\chi}^2$-test and independent t-test, equipped with SPSS WIN 17.0. Results: As a result of serial tests, Pre-test and Post-test of line dance performance showed that oxygen saturation of the Experimental group had significant increase following the program and happiness of the Experimental group also had significant increase following the program. Conclusion: In conclusion, with many advantages such as its easiness to access and emulate as well as its ubiquitousness as an aerobic exercise, line dance cannot only be very beneficial to cardiovascular function and relation of elderlies, but also to emotional and psychological effect, considered as a great breakthrough to improve comprehensive well-being in both physical and mental aspects.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of types of shoes and distance travelled on oxygen saturation and walk in relation to smoking. Methods: To achieve this goal, the researcher divided 20 normal male adults into two groups: a smoking group (10) and a non-smoking group (10) and used a treadmill to have them walk in intervals of 3 days, a total of 4 times. Results: By analyzing their walk, the following results were obtained: oxygen saturation showed statistically significant results in both the smoking group and the non-smoking group. The smoking group showed significant results for left pace and significant results were achieved for setting foot and shaking in both the smoking group and the non-smoking group. In comparison of oxygen saturation between groups, there were significant results for 3km sneakers walk and 3 km slippers walk. There were significant results for width in 3 km sneakers walk, left and right pace in 3 km slippers walk, and setting foot in 1 km sneakers walk. Conclusion: In conclusion, in the smoking group changes in walk occur if the shoes are more unstable and the distance travelled becomes longer.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2011

Purpose: Packing the nose is a common procedure after the closed reduction of a nasal bone fracture to prevent postoperative complications, such as bleeding and adhesion formation as well as to stabilize the framework of the nasal bone. On the other hand, it is difficult for a patient to endure nasal packing because of breathing difficulties, headaches, chest discomfort, insomnia, general weakness and hypoxia. This study examined the availability of a bronchodilator to improve the decreased oxygen saturation and postoperative symptoms on nasal packing. Methods: From February, 2010 to July, 2010, a prospective randomized comparison of the incidence of a range of postoperative signs and symptoms was conducted on 60 patients, who did (n=30) and did not (n=30) undergo bronchodilator infusion (aminophylline 250 mg/10 mL + normal saline 100 mL IV qd) following nasal packing. The postoperative symptoms and oxygen saturation in the two groups were compared. Results: Patients who had infused the bronchodilator showed improved oxygen saturation. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in the postoperative uncomfortable symptoms (dyspnea, headache, chest discomfort, insomnia, general weakness) between the two groups. Conclusion: A bronchodilator after nasal packing improves oxygen saturation by dilating the airway tract but it cannot reduce the uncomfortable symptoms caused by nasal obstruction. Overall, the bronchodilator is a useful medication for improving the level of oxygen saturation.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(5)
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• pp.199-202
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose new method of signal processing for the Pulse Oximeter for resistant motion artifact. When measure Oxygen saturation, today Pulse Oximeter is low reality because of patient moving, and it low difficult to filtering because of overlap Oxygen saturation and motion artifact. For we measure high reality Oxygen saturation, we reduces motion artifact. In this paper, we Propose and simulate method of signal processing for the Pulse Oximeter for resistant motion artifact.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2005

Changes in visuospatial cognitive performance, blood oxygen saturation and heart rate due to the highly concentrated oxygen administration were observed in this study. Six male ($25.8 \pm$1.0) and six female (($23.8 \pm$ 1.9) adults were asked to perform 20 visuospatial tasks with the same level of difficulties by supplying two different oxygen levels (21%, 30%). Experiment consisted of Rest1 (1 min.), Control (1 min.), Task (4 min.), and Rest2 (4 min.) and physiological signals such as blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured through each stage. The result showed the accuracy of task performance increased significantly at 30% oxygen concentration compared with 21%, which means oxygen supply has positive effects on visuospatial cognitive performance. When 30% oxygen was supplied, blood oxygen saturation during control and task phases was increased and heart rate was decreased compared with 21%. It means that 30% oxygen can stimulate brain activities by directly increasing the actual level of blood oxygen concentration during cognitive performance, and enough oxygen supply during cognitive performance make heart rate decrease.

• 산업공학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2005

In this study, changes in memory performance, blood oxygen saturation and heart rate according to 30% concentration oxygen supply were observed. Ten healthy male and female college students (male:$25.8{\pm}0.8$ years, female: $24.2{\pm}1.9$ years) participated in the study. The experiment was performed as Rest (1min.), Control task (1min.), Word presentation (1min.), Reaction time task (1min.), Distractor (2min.), and Word recall (1min.) and the physiological signals such as blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured throughout the stages. Subjects who received 30% oxygen recalled more words than those who received 21% oxygen, which shows 30% oxygen supply has influenced positively on memory cognitive performance. When 30% concentration oxygen is supplied, the blood oxygen saturation in the task phases was increased and the heart rate decreased when comparing to 21%. It means that 30% oxygen can stimulate brain activation by increasing actual blood oxygen concentration in the process of cognitive performance, and the heart rate decreases because enough oxygen is supplied to process the cognitive performance.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제26권A호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2006

Pulse oximetry, which monitors non-invasively the oxygen saturation in blood, is influenced by patient's respiration, movement or a factor of an environment. Specially, it's difficult to measure a PPG (Photoplethsmography) signal from the moving patient because of the motion artifact. Accordingly, it is required to extract the pure PPG signal from the PPG signal to measure oxygen saturation. In this paper, we propose an adaptive noise canceller to improve the performance of motion artifact removal. Then we design a hardware system for real time monitoring of the oxygen saturation. The proposed algorithm estimates the slope of transition rate between two different wavelength signals.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.265-274
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• 1994

This paper proposes a method of noninvasive reflectance light to measure the blood fractional volume (Vb) and oxygen saturation ($SO_2$) of biological tissue. We chose the red light of 660nm and infrared light of 880nm. In Vivo reflectance data were obtained by the physiological changes front the surface of the skin over the calf in human subject. The reflected light intensity from different layers within a biological tissue was measured by specially designed reflectometer to apply photon path diffusion model. The collected data represent the changes of blood (ractional volume and oxygen saturation at each reflected light wavelengths. The data evaluation was assessed by examining the slopes of the plotted indices for the changes in oxygen saturation and blood (ractional volume. The results presented in this paper claim that light reflectance can separately discriminate the change of blood volume and that of oxygenation in muscle and also in skin.