The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy

The Korean Society of Physical Therapy (대한물리치료학회)
권호 표지

Changes in Oxygen Saturation and Walk in Relation to Smoking and Types of Shoes

  • Park, Jea-Cheol (Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Nambu University) ;
  • Han, Jong-Man (Department of Physical Therapy, Chunnam Techno College) ;
  • Cho, Woon-Soo (Department of Physical Therapy, Nambu University) ;
  • Kim, Yong-Nam (Department of Physical Therapy, Nambu University)
  • Received : 2015.01.14
  • Accepted : 2015.02.11
  • Published : 2015.02.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of types of shoes and distance travelled on oxygen saturation and walk in relation to smoking. Methods: To achieve this goal, the researcher divided 20 normal male adults into two groups: a smoking group (10) and a non-smoking group (10) and used a treadmill to have them walk in intervals of 3 days, a total of 4 times. Results: By analyzing their walk, the following results were obtained: oxygen saturation showed statistically significant results in both the smoking group and the non-smoking group. The smoking group showed significant results for left pace and significant results were achieved for setting foot and shaking in both the smoking group and the non-smoking group. In comparison of oxygen saturation between groups, there were significant results for 3km sneakers walk and 3 km slippers walk. There were significant results for width in 3 km sneakers walk, left and right pace in 3 km slippers walk, and setting foot in 1 km sneakers walk. Conclusion: In conclusion, in the smoking group changes in walk occur if the shoes are more unstable and the distance travelled becomes longer.

Keywords

References

  1. Sadvik L, Erikssen G, Thanulow E. Long term effects of smoking on physical fitness and lung function: A longitudinal study of 1393 middle aged norwegian man for seven years. British MedIcal Journal. 1995; 311(7007):715-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7007.715
  2. Willemse BW, Postma DS, Timens W, et al. The impact of smoking cessation on respiratory symptoms, lung function, airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Eur Respir J. 2004;23(3):464-76. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.04.00012704
  3. Han JM, Park JC, Kim HA. Gait change according to shoe styles. J Korean Health & Fundamental Med Sci. 2013;6(3):123-8.
  4. Oh TY. A study on kinematic analysis of trunk and lower extremities in stance phase of walking according to turning direction. J Kor Phys Ther. 2013;25(2):88-95.
  5. Lim BI, Kim TS, Whang KS, et al. Treatment of peterson classification type VI of physeal injury in ankle joint - 2 cases report. J Korean Fract Soc. 2000;13(4):1061-6. https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2000.13.4.1061
  6. Nigg BM. Some comments for runners. In biomechanics of running shoes, N. M. nigg(ed), champaign, III: Human Kinetics Publishers. 1986: 162-5.
  7. Park JE. Classification of adult women's foot shape and their morphological characteristics by age: By using 3D Foot Data of Size Korea. Graduate School of Kyung Hee University. Dissertation of Doctorate Degree. 2011.
  8. Yi KO. The effects of elevated forefoot walking shoes on body composition, physical fitness, and qualitative health variables. Journal of Korean Physical Education Association for Girls and Women. 2005;19(1):9-26.
  9. Kim MW. History of shoes. Seoul, Sunjin history, 2004.
  10. Hong WS, Kim GW. Studies on vital capacity in a smoker. J Kor Phys Ther. 2001;13(2):347-57.
  11. Chang YH, Lee WH. Influence of walking with high-heeled shoes on the knee joint of obese women. PTK. 2007;14(3):23-31.
  12. Ryu JS. Effects of high-heeled Shoe with different height on the balance during standing and walking. KJSB. 2010;20(4):479-86.
  13. Kim YJ, Park JW. The influence of shoes with different heels on movement of lower limb joints during sit-to-stand. J Kor Phys Ther. 2013;25(2):117-25. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.117
  14. Yoon NM, Yoon HJ, Park JS, et al. The comparative study on age-associated gait analysis in normal Korean. J Kor Phys Ther. 2010;22(2): 15-24.
  15. Kim MH.The influence of types of indoor shoes on student's walking pattern according to walking and running. Graduate School of Inha University. Dissertation of Doctorate Degree. 2010.
  16. Kim TK. A Study on the measurement methode of Pulse oxymetry by using FFT (Fast Fourier Transform). Graduate School of Sangji University. Dissertation of Master's Degree. 2012.
  17. Sun SK, Jung DC, Ko KJ. The effects of chronic smoking on young male adults' cardiorespiratory function. KJSS. 2006;17(2):38-46.
  18. Kobayashi Y, Takeuchi T, Hosoi T, et al. Effects of habitual smoking on cardiorespiratory responses to sub-maximal exercise. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci. 2004;23(5):163-9. https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.23.163
  19. Jatoi NA, Jerrard-Dunne P, Feely J, et al. Impact of smoking and smoking cessation on arterial stiffness and aortic wave reflection in hypertension. Hypertension. 2007;49(5):981-5. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.087338
  20. Karpovich PV, Hale CJ. Tobacco smoking and physical performance. J Appl Physiol. 1951;3(10):616-21. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1951.3.10.616
  21. Marti B. Pekkanen J. Do joggers live longer? 3 current epidemiologic studies of the effect of physical activity on life expectancy. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1988;77(41):1097-100.
  22. Conway TL, Cronan TA. Smoking, exercise, and physical fitness. Preve Med. 1992;21(6):723-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(92)90079-W
  23. Choi DH, Choi HN.A cross-sectional study = the variability of pulmonary and lipoprotein functions in chronic smokers. January. 2000;18(1): 109-16.
  24. Cha KS. A comparison of pulmonary function, aerobic power, blood pressure, blood hemoglobin in smokers and non-smokers. KAHPERD. 2001;40(3):845-57.
  25. Han HJ. Effects of smoking has on vascular compliance, SpO2 and cardiopulmonary endurance. Graduate School of Kyung Hee University. Dissertation of Master's Degree. 2009.
  26. Sato H, Sako H, Mukae H, et al. Gait patterns of young japaness women. J Hum Ergol. 1991;20(1):85-8.
  27. Sherrington C, Menz HB. An evaluation of footwear worn at the time of fall-related hip fracture. Age Ageinq. 2003;32(3):310-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/32.3.310
  28. Rose J, James G. Human walking. 2nd ed. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1994.
  29. Housdorff JM, Rios DA, Edelberg HK. Gait variability and fall risk in community-living older adults: A 1-year prospective study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82(8):1050-6. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.24893