• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.266-269
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• 2017

This objectives of this study were to assess the pH and titratable acid (TA) and conduct sensory evaluation of the high-protein yogurt supplemented with Oxya chinensis sinuosa (grasshopper). High-protein yogurt containing Oxya chinensis sinuosa powder displayed TA of 0.93% to 1.1%, and a pH of 4.3 or 4.4. There were no significant differences between the control and treated groups in pH and TA. Organoleptic evaluations revealed that, except for color and texture, taste, flavor, and overall acceptability showed decreased trends in proportion to the amount of Oxya chinensis sinuosa powder. Further studies will explore the potential of Oxya chinensis sinuosa powder as a protein with health benefits for humans.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1863-1870
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• 2016

Antimicrobial peptides/proteins (AMPs) are present in all types of organisms, from microbes and plants to vertebrates and invertebrates such as insects. The grasshopper Oxya chinensis sinuosa is an insect species that is widely consumed around the world for its broad medicinal value. However, the lack of available genetic information for this species is an obstacle to understanding the full potential of its AMPs. Analysis of the O. chinensis sinuosa transcriptome and expression profile is essential for extending the available genetic information resources. In this study, we determined the whole-body transcriptome of O. chinensis sinuosa and analyzed the potential AMPs induced by bacterial immunization. A high-throughput RNA-Seq approach generated 94,348 contigs and 66,555 unigenes. Of these unigenes, 36,032 (54.14%) matched known proteins in the NCBI database in a BLAST search. Functional analysis demonstrated that 38,219 unigenes were clustered into 5,499 gene ontology terms. In addition, 26 cDNAs encoding novel AMPs were identified by an in silico approach using public databases. Our transcriptome dataset and AMP profile greatly improve our understanding of O. chinensis sinuosa genetics and provide a huge number of gene sequences for further study, including genes of known importance and genes of unknown function.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.191-193
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• 2021

Lactococcus lactis is a fermentative lactic acid bacterium that is used extensively in food fermentations. The L. lactis strain K_LL005 was isolated from the grasshopper (Oxya chinensis sinuosa) gut in Korea. In this study, we reported the complete genome sequence of Lactococcus lactis K_LL005. The final complete genome assembly consist of one circular chromosome (2,375,093 bp) with an overall guanine + cytosine (G + C) content of 35.0%. Annotation results revealed 2,281 protein-coding sequences (CDSs), 19 rRNAs, and 68 tRNA genes. Lactococcus lactis K_LL005 has a gene encoding xylose metabolism such as xylR, xylA, and xylB (xylRAB).

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2015

In this study, to confirm the physiological activity of the grasshopper (Oxya chinensis sinuosa) antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, thermal stability of the antimicrobial substance, pH stability, total polyphenol content of the adult grasshopper was measured. Antibacterial activity in accordance with the extraction solvent showed a strong antibacterial activity in a mixed solvent of ethanol for the E. coli strain. Antimicrobial activity in $40^{\circ}C$ hot air drying and a freezedried condition was the highest and there was no difference in the gender. Antibacterial substance was stable to heat and pH. Antioxidant activity of the grasshopper exhibited a high activity in the 50% and 70% ethanol extract. Total polyphenol content was the 12 ~17 mg / 100 g and there was not great difference according to the drying conditions and gender.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of grasshopper (Oxya chinensis sinuosa) powder ingestion with/without aerobic exercise (treadmill running) on energy metabolism. To achieve this purpose, 28 Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into four groups: normal diet control group (CON), a normal diet with exercise control group (COEX), a grasshopper powder-supplemented diet group (GH), and a grasshopper powder-supplemented diet with exercise group (GHEX). Duration of the powder ingestion and aerobic exercise training were 6 weeks. Body weight gain ratio was not significant. Fat mass significantly decreased in GH and GHEX. There were no changes in blood glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels between groups. Glucose transporter type 2 and glucose transporter type 4 protein levels were not significantly different between groups. Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 level was the highest in GHEX. AMP-activated protein kinase level significantly increased in GHEX compared to the levels in the other groups. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta protein level was reduced in GHEX compared to that in CON. These results suggest that grasshopper powder ingestion and endurance exercise training influence energy metabolism.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2024

The rice field grasshopper, Oxya chinensis sinuosa (OC), has traditionally been utilized in Korea for various purposes; however, its potential benefits in the context of osteoporosis remain unclear. The results revealed that OC ethanol extract (OCE) significantly inhibited the formation and activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, OCE, at concentrations ranging from 100 to 400 ㎍/mL, demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in the protein expression of osteoclast-specific markers, including nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1, c-Src, and TRAP, when compared to RANKL stimulation alone. Additionally, OCE significantly inhibited RANKL-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) but not the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Collectively, these results indicate that OCE suppresses osteoclastogenesis by attenuating the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK. Consequently, these findings suggest that OCE holds promise for the prevention of osteoporosis.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.679-682
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• 2023

The Lactococcus taiwanensis strain K_LL004 was isolated from the gut of a grasshopper (Oxya chinensis sinuosa) collected from local farm in Korea. L. taiwanensis strain K_LL004 is the functional probiotic candidate with an ability to hydrolyse plant polysaccharides. The complete genome of the L. taiwanensis strain K_LL004 contains one circular chromosome (1,995,099 bp) with a guanine + cytosine (GC) content of 38.8%. Moreover, 1,929 Protein-coding sequence, 19 rRNA genes, and 62 tRNA genes were identified based on results of annotation. L. taiwanensis strain K_LL004 has a gene, which encodes hydrolytic enzymes such as beta-glucosidase and beta-xylosidase, that hydrolyzes plant polysaccharides.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1054-1062
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• 2020

This study was designed to investigate whether extracts from Oxya chinensis sinuosa Mistshenk (an edible insect considered a grasshopper) could inhibit the activity of carbohydrate digestive enzymes and alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Oxya chinensis sinuosa Mistshenk was extracted with 80% ethanol (OEE) or water (OWE) and then concentrated. The carbohydrate digestive enzyme-inhibiting activity of the resulting extracts was evaluated by examining α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The IC50 values of OEE against α-glucosidase and α-amylase were 0.229 mg/ml and 0.106 mg/ml, respectively. This result indicated that OEE has stronger inhibitory effects than OWE and positive control. The blood glucose levels of the diabetic control mice increased after one meal. However, when OEE (300 mg/kg) was added to starch, this increase in postprandial blood glucose levels was significantly suppressed. The area under the curve also significantly decreased following the administration of OEE, which exhibited no cytotoxicity. These results indicate that OEE is more efficacious than OWE and may be used as a carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibitor, delay carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption, and thus alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia caused by dietary carbohydrates.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.969-979
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• 2021

Type 2 diabetes is a serious chronic metabolic disease, and the goal of diabetes treatment is to keep blood glucose at a normal level and prevent complications from diabetes. Hyperglycemia is a key pathologic feature of type 2 diabetes that mainly results from insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Chronic exposure of β-cells to elevated glucose concentrations induces glucotoxicity. In this study, we examined whether an 80% ethanol extract of Oxya chinensis sinuosa Mishchenko (OEE) protected INS-1 pancreatic β-cells against glucotoxicity-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. Pretreatment with a high concentration of glucose (high glucose = 30 mM) induced glucotoxicity and apoptosis of INS-1 pancreatic β cells. Treatment with OEE significantly increased cell viability. Treatment with 0.01-0.20 mg/ml OEE dose dependently decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide levels and increased insulin secretion in high glucose-pretreated INS-1 β cells. OEE also significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes in response to high-glucose-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, OEE treatment significantly reduced the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins, including Bax, cytochrome C, caspase-3, and caspase-9, and increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression. Apoptotic cells were identified using Annexin-V/propidium iodide staining, which revealed that treatment with OEE significantly reduced high-glucose-induced apoptosis. These findings implicate OEE as a valuable functional food in protecting pancreatic β-cells against glucotoxicity-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.370-376
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• 2014

Although the grasshopper Oxya chinensis sinuosa has long been used as food in Korea, there is little data on its functional effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of O. c. sinuosa ethanol extract (OCE) in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for induction of inflammation. First, we determined that there is no cytotoxicity at $2,000{\mu}g/ml$ or less of OCE in RAW 264.7 cells. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of OCE, we investigated expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-6, and pro-inflammatory enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, we examined whether OCE could inhibit translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 into the nucleus in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells. As a result, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 decreased in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells after treatment with OCE in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we confirmed a $2,000{\mu}g/ml$ concentration of OCE inhibited translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 by immunnostaining and Western blot analysis, and a decrease in the protein expression levels of iNOS and COX-2. Accordingly, we suppose that OCE has an anti-inflammatory effect through down-regulation of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 related to ${\kappa}B$ p65 inflammatory signaling pathways.