• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2021

Objectives : We investigated the effects of Bojungikgi-tang (BJIGT) on P450 cytochrome enzyme and oxidative stress in the cells. Methods : We enrolled the HepG2 hepatocyte cell line to assess MTT assay, flow cytometer, and immunoblotting analysis. Expression of CYP450 was confirmed by immunoblotting analysis in the Huh7 cell line. Results : We determined that BJIKT markdely changed the expression of the CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1. Moreover, BJIKT inhibited the cell toxicity induced by arachidonic acid + iron treatment, as assessed by FACS analysis. BJIKT induced AMPK activation, which increased the phophorylation of ACC. Conclusions : This study verified the effects of BJIKT, on P450, ROS production, mitochondrial damage and AMPK signaling pathway, which might give us the scientific information about the traditional herbal prescription.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.244-250
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• 2017

${\alpha}$-Synuclein is abundantly expressed in neuronal tissue, plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, and exerts a neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress. Cerebral ischemia causes severe neurological disorders and neuronal dysfunction. In this study, we examined ${\alpha}$-synuclein expression in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced cerebral ischemic injury and neuronal cells damaged by glutamate treatment. MCAO surgical operation was performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats, and brain samples were isolated 24 hours after MCAO. We confirmed neurological behavior deficit, infarction area, and histopathological changes following MCAO injury. A proteomic approach and Western blot analysis demonstrated a decrease in ${\alpha}$-synuclein in the cerebral cortices after MCAO injury. Moreover, glutamate treatment induced neuronal cell death and decreased ${\alpha}$-synuclein expression in a hippocampal-derived cell line in a dose-dependent manner. It is known that ${\alpha}$-synuclein regulates neuronal survival, and low levels of ${\alpha}$-synuclein expression result in cytotoxicity. Thus, these results suggest that cerebral ischemic injury leads to a reduction in ${\alpha}$-synuclein and consequently causes serious brain damage.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.499-502
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• 2019

사과 추출물(AE), 크랜베리 추출물(CE), 포도 추출물(CE), EGCG는 hydrogen peroxide에 의하여 유발된 MCF-7 인간 유방암 세포의 PARP 활성을 유의하게 억제하였다. GE는 본 연구에서 다른 과일류 추출물보다 우수한 PARP 활성 억제능을 나타내었다. 식품 성분으로서 안전성을 갖춘 우수한 PARP 활성 억제 소재를 발굴하여 PARP 활성 억제 기전을 구명하고 PARP 활성 억제제 효능 향상을 방안을 제시하는 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2021

Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a disease that stomach contents, stomach acid, and pepsin continually refluxing and is curently increasing worldwide. This study was conducted to find natural materials that can reduce side effects and effectively treat RE. Animal experiments were conducted with a 1:1 (EA1), 1:5 (EA5) ratio of Evodiae Fructus and Arecae Semen known to be effective against reflux esophagitis. As a result of confirming the total lesion of the esophageal mucosa after EA1 or EA5 treatment in reflux esophagitis animals, it showed superior improvement compared to the RE-control rats. In addition, by regulating the expression of MPO and NADPH oxidase, the activation of NF-κB was inhibited, and the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 was regulated. Moreover, its improved esophageal barrier function through regulating protein expressions of tight junction protein and MMPs/TIMPs. Taken together, a mixture of Evodiae Fructus and Arecae Semen can attenuate the damage to the esophageal mucosa that not only inactivationed the NF-κB through oxidative stress control, but also by regulating tight junctions and MMPs/TIMPs. This effect was more excellent in the 1:1 mixture (EA1) than in the Evodiae Fructus and Arecae Semen 1:5 mixture (EA5).

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.12-25
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of the combination treatment of phytochemical resveratrol and the anticancer drug docetaxel (DTX) on prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells, including factors related to detailed cell death mechanisms. MATERIALS/METHODS: Using 2-dimensional monolayer and 3-dimensional spheroid culture systems, we examined the effects of resveratrol and DTX on cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, and necroptosis by MTT, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. RESULTS: At concentrations not toxic to normal human prostate epithelial cells, resveratrol effectively decreased the viability of LNCaP cells depending on concentration and time. The combination treatment of resveratrol and DTX exhibited synergistic inhibitory effects on cell growth, demonstrated by an increase in the sub-G0/G1 peak, Annexin V-phycoerythrin positive cell fraction, ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage response as well as concurrent activation of apoptosis and necroptosis. Apoptosis and necroptosis were rescued by pretreatment with ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSIONS: We report resveratrol as an adjuvant drug candidate for improving the outcome of treatment in DTX therapy. Although the underlying mechanisms of necroptosis should be investigated comprehensively, targeting apoptosis and necroptosis simultaneously in the treatment of cancer can be a useful strategy for the development of promising drug candidates.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2021

The treatments of nervous system diseases (NSDs) have long been difficult issues for researchers because of their complexity of pathogenesis. With the advent of aging society, searching for effective treatments of NSDs has become a hot topic. Ginseng polysaccharides (GP), as the main biologically active substance in ginseng, has various biological properties in immune-regulation, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation and etc. Considering the association between the effects of GP and the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, many related experiments have been conducted in recent years. In this paper, we reviewed previous studies about the effects and mechanisms of GP on diseases related to nervous system. We found GP play an ameliorative role on NSDs through the regulation of immune system, inflammatory response, oxidative damage and signaling pathway. Structure-activity relationship was also discussed and summarized. In addition, we provided new insights into GP as promising neuroprotective agent for its further development and utilization.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.938-947
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• 2022

Objective: The beneficial effects of glycine were tested in piglets with diquat-induced hepatic injury. Methods: Thirty-two piglets were assigned by a 2×2 factorial experimental design including glycine supplementation and diquat challenge. After 3 weeks of feeding with a basic diet or a 1% glycine supplemented diet, piglets were challenged with diquat or saline. After 1 week later, the piglets were slaughtered and samples were collected. Results: Our results indicated that glycine alleviated diquat induced morphological hepatic injury, decreased the activities of plasma alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and glutamyl transpeptidase in the piglets under diquat challenge, and increased total antioxidant capacity and antioxidative enzyme activity significantly. Adding glycine enhanced the concentrations of hepatic adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate. Transmission electron microscope observation showed that diquat induced clear hepatocytes ferroptosis and its effect could be alleviated by glycine to a certain degree. Moreover, glycine significantly affected mRNA and protein expression of ferroptosis-related signals in the liver. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that glycine attenuated liver damage via inhibiting ferroptosis.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative and anticancer activity of the water and ethanol extracts from pickled soybean products by manufacturing stage. Methods : Yakkong (YK) was pickled for 15 days to prepare Chokong (CK) and Chokong pills (CKP) were mixed Chokong (CK) powder with vinegar. Herbal Chokong pills (HCKP) were made by addition five kinds of medicinal herbs to Chokong. Pickled soybean products by each manufacturing process were extracted with distilled water and 70% ethanol, and the extracts were tested for their antioxidative and anticancer activities. Results : The highest electron donating abilities (EDA) of the water and ethanol extracts were from HCKP among pickled soybean products and those were 81.2% and 91.5% at 1,000 $\mu$g/mL, respectively. The ethanol extracts of pickled soybean products had higher activities of EDA and superoxide dismutase (SOD) than water extracts. The highest anticancer activity was the water extracts of HCKP against both of MDA and A549 cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that herbal Chokong pills (HCKP) can be used as natural antioxidant to prevent oxidative damage in normal cells probably because of their antioxidative characteristics.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2023

The Laminaria japonica Aresch (Sea tangle) belongs to the brown algae and has a long history as a food material in Asia, including Korea. Recent studies have found that the fermented Sea tangle extract (FST) inhibited the differentiation of osteoclasts and protected osteoblasts from oxidative damage. This study aims to explore the possibility that FST can induce the differentiation of osteoblasts and identify the responsible mechanism. According to our results, FST induced differentiation into osteogenic cells in the presence of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells under non-toxic conditions.. This finding was confirmed by phalloidin staining, increased alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition. Additionally, it was found that this process was achieved by increasing the expression of key factors involved in osteoblast differentiation, such as runt-related transcription factor-2, osterix, β-catenin, and bone morphogenetic protein-2. Moreover, FST increased autophagy, which may contribute to the maintenance of the bone formation homeostasis, and is associated with the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Although further research about the bioactive substances contained in FST and the tests of their efficacy are required, the results of this study indicate that FST has incredible applicability as a functional material for maintaining the bone homeostasis.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2013

Cancer is the first leading cause of death in Korea and the second leading cause of death in the USA. There is extensive research into prevention of cancer and the support of oncology patients with diet or dietary supplements. In vitro and in vivo animal studies have indicated that antioxidants, including beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid, can yield anti-cancer effects in addition to providing protection against oxidative damage. Although many observational studies have shown that consuming fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of some cancers, the results of several large-scale human intervention trials testing the benefits of a single or combined higher-dose of individual micronutrients have been inconsistent. Cancer can cause profound metabolic and physiological changes which may affect patients' nutrient requirements. Although the optimal route of nutrient delivery is through diet, cancer patients often suffer symptoms that disrupt their food intake, including anorexia, premature satiety, altered taste and smell, and changes in bowel mobility. In particular, micronutrient deficits can slow postoperative healing, contribute to depression symptoms, and decrease immune competence. Cancer patients are generally motivated to take dietary supplements to improve responses to treatment and quality of life. The Physician's Health Study II (PHS II) randomized controlled trial reported recently that daily multivitamin supplementation significantly, albeit modestly, reduced the risk of total cancer. Although evidence of multivitamin use benefits is limited in cancer patients, taking dietary supplements with constituents in the range of the recommended daily allowance according to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) recommendation is generally considered to be safe.