• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2004

Vitamin $D_3$ up-regulated protein 1 (VDUP1) gene is known to be a novel member of early response genes as an oxidative stress mediator. To elucidate role of VDUP1 expression in neuronal injury, VDUP1 gene expression and histological change were tested in the spinal cords after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in young and adult rats. VDUP1 transcript was detected weakly in a few cells in the spinal cords of control young and adult rats. VDUP1 transcript was increased in the contused spinal cords 1 day after SCI in both young and adult rats. VDUP1 transcript was decreased in the spinal cords 7 days after SCI in young rats. However, VDUP1 transcript was not decrease significantly 7 days in the spinal cords after SCI in adult rats. Cell damage in the spinal cords and hind limb dysfunction were more prominent 7 days after SCI in adult rats compared with that in young rats. These data show that VDUP1 may be involved in neurodegeneration after traumatic SCI.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative and fibrinolytic activity of the water and ethanol extracts from medicinal plants. Methods : Five kinds of medicinal plants(Carthami Flos, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Schisandrae Fructus, Atractylodes Rhizoma, Shiitake mushiroom) were extracted with distilled water and 70% ethanol, and the extracts were tested for their antioxidative and fibrilytic activities. Results : The highest polyphenol contents of the water and ethanol extracts from medicinal plants were 812.52 mg and 685.44 mg per 100 g of Carthamus tinctorius and Schizandra chinensis, respectively. The electron donating abilities (EDA) of the water extracts from all medicinal plants except Lentinus edodes were about 90% at 1,000 ppm and ethanol extracts were higher than those of water extracts. The highest SOD-like activity and nitrite scavenging abilities (NSA) were both of water and ethanol extracts from Schizandra chinensis. Five kinds of medicinal plants had fibrinolytoc activity and the highest activities were water and ethanol extracts from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Conclusion : These results suggest that the medicinal plants can be used as natural antioxidant to prevent oxidative damage in normal cells probably because of their antioxidative and fibrinolytic activities.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 2011

Chemical radiation protection is an important strategy to protect living beings against the deleterious effects of radiation. In the present study, the radioprotective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Panax ginseng extract (PGR-HAE) was studied on radiation-induced deleterious alterations in Swiss albino mice. Oral administration of such extract (25 mg/kg b wt/day/animal) for 5 consecutive days, half an h. before whole-body exposure to 6 Gy gamma radiation, enhanced the 30 days survival and also inhibited the radiogenic sickness, weight loss and life shortening. PGR-HAE ameliorated radiation induced depletion in blood constituents at different necropsy intervals between 12 h to 30 d, and significantly increased the number of femoral spleen colony forming units that survived after irradiation. Furthermore, it checked depletion of glutathione and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase) as well as elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) level in blood and liver. The significant reduction in the yield of LPO demonstrates that PGR-HAE protects the membranes against radiation-induced oxidative damage. These findings conclude that such plant extract provides significant radioprotection, and it may be potentially valuable in the prevention of injuries caused during planned and unplanned radiation exposure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.306-310
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• 2005

Exposure to UVB radiation can cause diverse biological photodamage to skin. Eeb 761 and Korean red ginseng are the major and most effective natural drug against a variety of oxidative damage. But, the protective effects against UVB radiation have not been clearly identified. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of topical EGb 761 and Korean red ginseng on pigmentation by UVB radiation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines($IL-l{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$) and melanogenesis proteins(tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2) mRNA were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) analysis. The in vivo protection against pigmentation was calculated using chromameter. The mRNA level of IL-lf and TNF-a were increased by UVB irradiation in treated and non-treated group, while no significant changes were observed in IL-6 level. Topical treatment with EGb 761 and Korean red ginseng remarkably reduced expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 in the non-irradiated and irradiated skin. Application of EGb 761 and Korean red ginseng significantly protected the WB-induced skin pigmentation and Korean red ginseng was more effective. Our study suggests that topical ECb761 and Korean red ginseng can regulate melanogenic proteins and protect UVB radiation on skin pigmentation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on the lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidative enzymes in the pancreas of diabetic KK mice. KK mice were fed high ft diet containing 20% corn oil(wt/wt), and sacrificed at 2 months of diabetes. A hish vitamin E diet consisted of the high fat diet supplemented with an excessive amount of 이-$\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate (2080IU/kg diet). The incidence of diabetes mellitus was 61% when mice were fed the high fat diet, but was 44% when mice were fed the high vitamin E diet, Vitamin E supplementation fhus seems to have the effect of decreasing of decreasing the onset of diaetes. In the diabetic group, we found increases of MDA (malondialdehyde) and antioxidative enzyme activities. Treatment with vitamin E did not modify the level of fasting blood glucose. However, MDA and antiosicative enzyme activities in diabetic mice were decreased by the high vitamin E diet. Increased levels of lipid peroxidation products suggests the occurrence of oxidative damage in the pancreas of diabetic mice. The increased level of antiosicative enzyme activities could be due to an adaptive response to conditions of increased peroxidative stress. Significant normalization on catalase activity was noted in vitamin E supplemented animals.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2003

The effect of a-tocopherol on the formation and accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxides, especially of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides, in the tissues of 2, 2 -azobis Hydrochloride (AAPH) - dosed rats was investigated. In a-tocopherol supplemented rats, the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly inhibited, compared with the AAPH group. AAPH treatment led to oxidation of phospholipids in the liver, lungs, brain, plasma and red blood cells (RBC), resulting in a notable increase in phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH). All tissues of the rats given an $\alpha$-tocopherol supplement showed an attenuation of the stimulating effect of AAPH, leading to low levels of formation of PCOOH. Also, the rats injected with AAPH and a-tocopherol showed relatively normal-appearing hepatocytes, except for a little loss of the granules. With regards to the morphological appearance of the liver, it was observed that oral intakes of a -tocopherol resulted in an antioxidant defense against attacks of peroxyl radicals. Thus, we suggest that a-tocopherol is potentially helpful in protecting membrane phospholipids against oxidative damage in vivo.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2003

The measurement of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of human plasma has been widely applied in nutritional science, for example to evaluate the antioxidant contribution of dietary components and to study, although indirectly, the bioavailability of dietary antioxidants. Several methods have been proposed for the measurement of TAC, most of them based on the ability of plasma to withstand the oxidative damage induced by aqueous radicals. Although plasma contains both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants that interact through extensive cross-talk in most of the methods employed for the TAC measurement, the hydrophilic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, and protein thiols mainly contribute to the total antioxidant plasma capacity (almost 70%) while lipophilic antioxidants embedded in the lipoproteins (carotenoids, a-tocopherol, ubiquino1-10) participate only in a negligible amount (less than 5%). The present paper reviews the analytical methods used to assess the TAC and in particular focuses on new approaches that are capable of distinguishing the antioxidant capacity of both the aqueous and lipid compartments of plasma. The general principle of the method as well as some in vitro and ex vivo applications will be discussed within the text.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary grape skin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in rats fed high fat diet. The Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either control (5% fat) diet or high fat (25% fat) diet which was based on AIN-93 diet for 2 weeks, and then they were grouped as control group (C), control + 5% grape skin group (CS), high-fat group (HF), high fat + 5% grape skin group (HFS) with 10 rats each and fed corresponding diets for 4 weeks. The hepatic thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) were increased in high fat group as compared with control group, but reduced by grape skin. The serum total antioxidant status, and activities of hepatic catalase and superoxide dismutase, xanthine oxidase and glucose-6-phosphatase were increased by supplementation of grape skin. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in CS group than in C group. Grape skin feeding tended to increase the concentration of total glutathione, especially in control group. The ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione was lower in high fat groups than in control groups. The ratio was increased by dietary supplementation of grape skin in control group. These results suggest that dietary supplementation of grape skin would be effective on protection of oxidative damage by lipid peroxidation through improvement of antioxidant defense system in rats fed high fat diet as well as rats with low fat diet.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17
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• pp.59-69
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• 2001

Arsenic exposure is associated with several human diseases, including cancers, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and cerebrovascular diseases. In cultured cells, arsenite, an inorganic arsenic com-pound, was demonstrated to interfere with many physiological functions, such as enhancement of oxidative stress, delay of cell cycle progression, and induction of structural and numerical changes of chromosomes. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of arsenic exposure on gene expression profiles by colorimetric cDNA microarray technique. HFW (normal human diploid skin fibroblasts), CL3 (human lung adenocarcinoma cell line), and HaCaT (immortalized human keratinocyte cell line) were treated with 5 $\mu\textrm{M}$ or 10 $\mu\textrm{M}$ sodium arsenite for 6 or 16 h, respectively. By a dual-color detection system, the expression profile of arsenite-treated cultures was compared to that of control cultures. Several genes expressed differentially were identified on the microarray membranes. For example, MDM2, SWI/SNF, ubiquitin specific protease 4, MAP3K11, RecQ protein-like 5, and Ribosomal protein Ll0a were consistently induced in all three cell types by arsenite, whereas prohibitin, cyclin D1, nucleolar protein 1, PCNA, Nm23, and immediate early protein (ETR101) were apparently inhibited. The present results suggest that arsenite insults altered the expression of several genes participating in cellular responses to DNA damage, stress, transcription, and cell cycle arrest.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.122-122
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• 2012

The aims of this study were to examine the efficacy of phytochemical compounds of colorants as anti-oxidant agent. The bioactive properties of natural colorants were studied by total phenolic contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and anti-bacterial activity in Escherichial coli. The concentration ($IC_{50}$) of various extracts from colorants required to exert 50% reducing effect on DPPH radical were found to be 0.007-4 mg/ml. Especially, the gallnut (Schlectendalia Chinensis) displayed remarkable effect of DPPH as compared to positive control ascorbic acid. The total phenolic contents (TPC) and restraint of E coli. also analyzed. It was found that gallnut extracts effectively inhibited DPPH radical at a concentration below 0.01 mg/ml. Natural colorant extracts could be of good resources as anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial agents. The results suggest that our study may contribute to the development of natural and functional materials with potential application to reduce oxidative damage.