• 한국유기농업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유기농학회 2009년도 하반기 학술대회
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• pp.316-316
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of environment-friendly materials on garlic cultivation, and the methods for processing garlic at proper ripening stage to increase its antioxidant properties and market value. The functional properties of garlic and processed black garlic were analyzed in vitro and ex vivo. The ethanol extracts of garlic and black garlic were used in the antioxidant, linoleic acid autooxidation, lipid oxidation and RAW264.7 indicator cell using NO induced activity analyses. Also, toxicity tests by RBL-2H3 and RAW264.7 indicator cell using MTT assay were compared. Obesity inhibition test of garlic and black garlic were also studied.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2012

막걸리 추출물과 타종의 주류들을 대상으로 항산화 활성을 비교하였다. 동일 용량(70 ${\mu}L$ eq)을 기준으로 하였을 때, $ABTS^+$ radical-scavenging 활성은 위스키 > 막걸리 조추출물 > 정종 ${\simeq}$ 막걸리 청징액 > 소주 순이었다. 그러나 동일 알콜 함량(6%)을 기준으로 했을 때에는 막걸리 조추출물 > 위스키 > 정종 ${\fallingdotseq}$ 막걸리 청징액 > 소주 순이었다. 이어 쥐 혈장의 cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide (CE-OOH) 생성 억제능을 평가하였다. 주류의 동일 용량을 기준으로 하였을 때, CE-OOH 생성 억제능은 소주 > 위스키 > 정종 > 막걸리 조추출물 > 막걸리 청징액 순이었다. 한편 동일 알콜 함량을 기준으로 했을 때에는 정종 > 막걸리 조추출물 > 소주 > 위스키 > 막걸리 청징액 순이었다. 그리고 막걸리 조추출물의 용매분획물들[동일 용량 (70 ${\mu}L$ eq) 기준]을 대상으로 CE-OOH 생성 억제능을 평가한 결과, $H_2O$층 ${\fallingdotseq}$ BuOH층 > EtOAc층 > n-hexane 순이었다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2019

Objectives : This study examined the inhibitory effects of Wisaengtang(WST) on inflammatory mediators($NF-{\kappa}B$, COX-2, iNOS, IL-6) in cellular inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Methods : To investigate the cytotoxicity of WST, MTT assay was used. The inhibitory effects of inflammatory mediators were confirmed by real-time PCR and DPPH scavenging activity was measured to confirm the antioxidative effect. Results : When the $NF-{\kappa}B$ mRNA expression was inhibited, the levels of COX-2, iNOS, and IL-6 mRNA in the inflammatory response decreased significantly. iNOS is involved in the production of nitric oxide (NO), and it is confirmed that WST inhibits the expression of iNOS mRNA and thus the production of NO. Conclusions : These results suggest that WST can be a therapeutic substance for oxidation and inflammation through elimination of DPPH free radical and inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.450-456
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• 1999

A high molecular-weight water-soluble fraction(PO) obtained by the ethanol precipitation of 0.1 N NaOH extracts of the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus showed 82% anti-complementary activity for complement consumption hemolysis. The PO consisted of 42% carbohydrate (w/w), 50% protein (w/w), and 3% uronic acid (w/w). Fifty-eight percent of the anti-complementary activity decreased by periodate oxidation and 22% by protease digestion, suggesting that the sugar and protein moieties are essential for this activity. Two polysaccharide fractions, PO-IIIa-1 and PO-IIIa-2, with anti-complementary activity were isolated from the PO using DEAE-Sepharose FF followed by Sephadex G-75 and Sepharose CL-6B gel permeation chromatographies. The PO-IIIa-2 was found by HPLC to be nearly homogeneous, with the molecular mass of 531 kDa, and showed 96% $ITCH_{50}$ (inhibition against the total complement hemolysis of deionized water as the control) at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. This fraction contained galactose, mannose, fucose, and glucose with molar ratios of 1.75:1:0.65 and 0.59, respectively. The majority of galactose and mannose units in the PO-IIIa-2 were composed of TGalp1 ->, ->6Galp1->, ->2,6Galp1->, and ->Manp1->. The PO-IIIa-1 (molecular mass of 2000 kDa), exhibiting higher activity than the PO-IIIa-2, was further purified into two fractions, unbound proteoglycan (PO-IIIa-1A) and bound glucomannan (PO-IIIa-lB), by affinity chromatography using ConA-Sepharose CL-4B. The anti-complementary activity of each affinity purified fraction decreased as compared to that of the native PO-IIIa-1 fraction, indicating that the formation of complex between both polysaccharide fractions was necessary for full anti-complementary activity.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권
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• pp.127-133
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• 2001

Together with cytochrome P450 (CYP), flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) present in liver microsomes oxidizes various endogenous and exogenous chemicals. In an effort to determine the human FMO activity, we have developed two non-invasive urine analysis methods using caffeine (CA) and ranitidine (RA) as the probe compounds. As the production of theobromine (TB) and ranitidine N-oxide (RANO) from CA and RA is catalyzed primarily by the hepatic FMO, we have assigned the urinary molar ratios of TB/CA and RA/RANO as the in vivo FMO activity. In 200 age-matched Korean volunteers, the obtained TB/CA ratio ranged from 0.4 to 15.2 (38-fold difference) and the RA/RANO ratio from 5.7 to 27.2 (4.8-fold). The FMO activity of 20's, determined by caffeine metabolism, was the highest (2.5$\pm$l.9) and those of 30's, 40's, 50's, 60's and 70's were 40%, 50%, 24%, 39% and 36% of the 20's, respectively. Intake of grapefruit juice, known to contain flavonoids, inhibited the in vivo FMO (TB/CA) activity by 79%. Addition of the flavonoids like naringin, quercitrin and kaempferol, present in grapefruit juice, to the in vitro microso-mal FMO assay, thiobenzamide S-oxidation, produced 75%, 70% and 60% inhibition, respectively. Obtained Ki values of quercitrin, kaempferol and naringin on the in vitro FMO activity were 6.2, 12.0 and 13.9 $\mu\textrm{M}$, respectively. This suggested that the dose of drug should need to be adjusted to suit the individual FMO activities when the drugs metabolized by FMO are given to patients. As the intake of grapefruit juice has been identified to inhibit the FMO as well as CYP3A4 and lA2 activities, patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes should not drink grapefruit juice as the carrier.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1894-1903
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus brevis KCCM 12203P isolated from the Korean traditional food kimchi and to evaluate the antioxidative activity and immune-stimulating potential of its heat-killed cells to improve their bio-functional activities. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which is a representative commercial probiotic, was used as a comparative sample. Regarding probiotic properties, L. brevis KCCM 12203P was resistant to 0.3% pepsin with a pH of 2.5 for 3 h and 0.3% oxgall solution for 24 h, having approximately a 99% survival rate. It also showed strong adhesion activity (6.84%) onto HT-29 cells and did not produce β-glucuronidase but produced high quantities of leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, β-galactosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. For antioxidant activity, it appeared that viable cells had higher radical scavenging activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, while in the 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay, heat-killed cells had higher antioxidant activity. Additionally, L. brevis KCCM 12203P showed higher lipid oxidation inhibition ability than L. rhamnosus GG; however, there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) between heat-killed cells and control cells. Furthermore, heat-killed L. brevis KCCM 12203P activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells without cytotoxicity at a concentration lower than 10⁸ CFU/ml and promoted higher gene expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 than L. rhamnosus GG. These results suggest that novel L. brevis KCCM 12203P could be used as a probiotic or applied to functional food processing and pharmaceutical fields for immunocompromised people.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the antioxidative activity of Hericium erinaceus (HE) and we investigated that HE extract contributes to cell proliferation and to anti-LPS-induced inflammation. HE extract showed high DPPH free radical scavenging activity. However, the reducing power activity slightly increased in compare with control. Nitrite scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity of HE were elevated in dose-dependent. The level of total phenolic and flavonoid showed 30.06 mg/100 g and 33.86 mg/100 g, respectively. Linoleic acid oxidation inhibition had reached a maximum level on the fourth day and started to drop from the fifth day. HE extract contributes to cell proliferation on the RAW 264.7 cell. Our finding demonstrated that water extracts of HE possess significant antioxidant activities and may be suggested a new potential source of anti-inflammatory medicines.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2020

본 연구는 어성초와 야관문의 메탄올 추출물의 순차적 유기용매 분획물을 제조하고, 분획물의 기능성 성분 분석과 항산화, ACE 저해활성, α-glucosidase 저해활성 등 다양한 생리활성을 연구하였다. DPPH radical 소거 활성 분석 결과 ethyl acetate 분획물에서 어성초 90.8%, 야관문 91.2%로 소거활성이 가장 높았다. ABTS 분석 결과 어성초는 ethyl acetate 분획물에서 86.1%로 가장 높았고 야관문은 chloroform 분획물에서 95.6%로 가장 높았다. FRAP assay 결과 ethyl acetate 분획물에서 어성초 360.1 mg TE/g, 야관문 239.2 mg TE/g로 가장 높았다. ACE 저해활성의 경우 chloroform 분획물이 어성초 13.2%, 야관문 35.2%로 가장 높았다. α-glucosidase 저해활성은 어성초는 ethyl acetate 분획물이 56.3%, 야관문은 water 층에서 93.6%로 가장 높았다. 어성초와 야관문에서 확인한 개별성분에 의한 DPPH radical 소거활성을 측정한 결과, 페놀산 개별 성분의 활성은 caffeic aicd가 93.4%로 가장 높았으며, 플라보노이드 개별 성분의 활성은 quercetin이 96.3%로 가장 높았다. 종합적으로 본 연구는 어성초와 야관문의 기능성 성분 분석과 다양한 생리활성을 이해하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.481-494
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• 2009

Background : Radix Sophora Flavescentis (SF) is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Traditional Korean Medicine. However, little is known about the effects of Radix Sophora Flavescentis extract (SFE) on the hypoglycemic mechanism. Objective : We performed a series of experiments to verify the effects of SFE on the proliferation of RIN-m5F, the secretion and synthetic processes of insulin with glucose stimulation and inhibition of $\alpha$-glucosidase. Methods : Various amounts of SFE were added to the RIN-m5F cell culture to identify the effects on the cell proliferation, total amounts of insulin secretion, and related gene expression at the molecular level. Also to identify the inhibitory effect on the $\alpha$-glucosidase activities, ${\rho}NPG$ assay was done with various SFE concentrations followed by comparison with control. Results : SFE did not show considerable effects on RIN-m5F cells proliferation, insulin secretion or insulin mRNA expression, whichever phenomena did not depend on the glucose concentration. However, SFE significantly inhibited $\alpha$-glucosidase activity in a dose dependent manner compared to control. Conclusions : This study showed that SFE has potent $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Thus, SF may by used for the improvement of overall glycemic control. Further mechanism studies on the lipid toxicity and oxidation stress of SF seem to be necessary.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba (AC) in reflux esophagitis (RE) rats. Methods : The AC was measured antioxidant activity through in vitro experiments, such as total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2'-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. Base on the results, we had conducted in vivo experiments. Rats were divided normal, control, AC treatment 50 mg/kg BW (AC50), and AC treatment 100 mg/kg BW (AC100) groups. AC were orally administered 2 h before the induction of RE. RE was induced by tie the pylorus and the transitional junction between the forestomach and the corpus in Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were sacrificed 5 h after the surgery. We analyzed the expression of inflammatory related markers by western blot and observed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hematoxylin-eosin staining, Results : The $IC_{50}$ of AC for DPPH and ABTS were showed 12.60 and $33.32{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ respectively. In the RE rat, AC decreased inflammatory related markers, such as phosphorylated inhibitor of ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$, nuclear factor-kappa B, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Also, AC reduced the increased reactive oxygen species in serum. The anti-inflammatory effect of AC appeared to be partially mediated through the inhibition of ROS. Also, AC markedly ameliorated esophageal mucosa damage via the inhibition of protein expression related to inflammation. Conclusions : Therefore, these results suggest that AC would be used as a therapeutic material in protection and/or treatment for reflux esophagitis.