• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제20권1호통권32호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

Objectives : RVC has long been used for a useful natural agent ameliorating inflammation related symptoms in the folk medicine recipe. This study was performed to investigate effects of RVC on the inflammation and oxidation in RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : The RVC was extracted with 80% ethanol and sequentially partitioned with solvents in order to increase polarity. With the various fractions, we determined the activities on the inflammation and oxidation in RAW 264.7 cells. Results : 1. Among the various solvent extracts of RVC, the butanol fraction showed the most powerful inhibitory ability against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells without affecting cell viability. 2. Butanol fraction showed a oxidation inhibition effect by decreasing the DPPH and OH radicals. 3. Butanol fraction exhibited the inhibitory avilities against iNOS and COX-2. 4. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Westem blotting analysis revealed that the BuOH fraction provided a primary inhibitor of the iNOS protein and mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Among the up-regulater molecules of iNOS and COX-2, the BuOh fraction of RVC was shown the inhibitory activity of phoshporylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2 and threonine protein kinase (AKT), the one of the MAPKs pathway. Conclusion : Thus, the present study suggests that the response of a component of the BuOH fraction to NO generation via iNOS expression provide a important clue to elucidate anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation mechanism of RVC.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2012

선학초 열수 추출물과 에탄올 추출물의 분획물을 항산화 및 주름개선의 소재로 이용하기 위하여 생리활성을 검증하였다. 항산화효과를 확인하기 위하여 전자공여능을 측정한 결과 선학초 열수추출물(AW)과 에탄올추출물(AE) 모두 ethyl acetate층 1,000 ppm에서 각각 96.2, 92.3%의 효과를 나타내었고, SOD 유사활성능을 측정한 결과 AW의 ethyl acetate층에서 61.8%의 활성을 AE의 $n$-butyl alcohol 층에서 58.0%의 높은 활성을 각각 나타내었다. 또한 xanthine oxidase저해활성을 측정한 결과 AW와 AE에서 모두 ethyl acetate층 1,000 ppm일 때, 각각 84.9, 92.5%의 가장 높은 저해율을 나타내었다. 주름개선 효능 확인을 위해 elastase 저해활성을 측정한 결과 이 또한 AW와 AE 모두에서 ethyl acetate층이 각각 55.2, 70.1%의 효능을 나타내었으며, collagenase 저해활성을 측정한 결과 AW의 ethyl acetate층이 90.6%로 가장 높은 저해율을, AE는 88.6%로 $n$-butyl alcohol 층이 가장 높은 저해율을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 선학초의 열수 추출물과 에탄올 추출물의 분획물이 in vitro상에서 항산화 및 주름개선의 활성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2019

Background: Ginsenosides, which are bioactive components in ginseng, can be converted to smaller compounds for improvement of their pharmacological activities. The conversion methods include heating; acid, alkali, and enzymatic treatment; and microbial conversion. The aim of this study was to determine the bioconversion of ginsenosides in fermented red ginseng extract (FRGE). Methods: Red ginseng extract (RGE) was fermented using Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11613P. This study investigated the ginsenosides and their antioxidant capacity in FRGE using diverse methods. Results: Properties of RGE were changed upon fermentation. Fermentation reduced the pH value, but increased the titratable acidity and viable cell counts of lactic acid bacteria. L. plantarum KCCM 11613P converted ginsenosides $Rb_2$ and $Rb_3$ to ginsenoside Rd in RGE. Fermentation also enhanced the antioxidant effects of RGE. FRGE reduced 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power; however, it improved the inhibition of ${\beta}$-carotene and linoleic acid oxidation and the lipid peroxidation. This suggested that the fermentation of RGE is effective for producing ginsenoside Rd as precursor of ginsenoside compound K and inhibition of lipid oxidation. Conclusion: This study showed that RGE fermented by L. plantarum KCCM 11613P may contribute to the development of functional food materials.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.286-292
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of plant growth at several different growing periods on antioxidant activities and zeatin and ABA contents of Artemisia iwayomogi. Measurements of antioxidant activities, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and superoxide radical scavenging activity were done using PMS, NBT and lipid auto-oxidation analysis, respectively. The results show that activities of antioxidants from Artemisia iwayomogi had much higher than BHT. DPPH free radical scavenging effect of Artemisia leaf extract was increased from $71.06{\pm}4.36%$ in April to $90.06{\pm}4.41%$ in October. Activities of superoxide radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition were $33.83{\pm}3.45%$ and $45.60{\pm}3.10$ in April and then increased to $84.40{\pm}4.00%$ and $75.86{\pm}3.50%$ in October, respectively. An ELISA technique has been developed for the determination of zeatin and ABA in Artemisia leaves. By this method, the content changes of zeatin and ABA from Artemisia during the growth were investigated. The zeatin content in leaf was measured to be $186.86{\pm}1.40$ pmol/g dry weight in April, however, decreased to $117.93{\pm}5.83$ pmol in October. The ABA content in leaf increased from $19.00{\pm}1.26$ nmol in April to $68.20{\pm}2.52$ nmol in October. Relationship between antioxidant activities and plant hormone contents was indicated that antioxidant activity may depend on decreasing zeatin content or increasing ABA content.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2015

The half-dried leaves of Stewartia. pseudocamellia were extracted with hot water (SPE) and partitioned with n-hexane (SPEH), dichloromethane (SPED), and ethyl acetate (SPEE) successively. SPE and SPEE showed significant inhibitory effects against melanogenesis and tyrosinase activities. By bioassay-guided isolation, ten phenolic compounds were isolated by column chromatography from SPEE. The whitening effect of the isolated compounds from SPEE were tested for the inhibitory activities against melanogenesis using B16 melanoma cells, in vitro inhibition of tyrosinase, and L-3,4-dihydorxy-indole-2-carboxylic acid (L-DOPA) auto-oxidation assay. A cytotoxic activity assay was done to examine the cellular toxicity in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. Of the compounds isolated, gallic acid and quercetin revealed significant inhibitory activities against melanogenesis compared to arbutin. In particular, quercetin exhibited similar inhibitory activities against tyrosinase and L-DOPA oxidation without cytotoxicity. These results suggested that SPE could be used as a potential source of natural skin-whitening material in cosmetics as well as in food products.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.147-150
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• 2009

The fruit body of Phellinus linteus was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was successively partitioned using EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$. From the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions, three phenolic compounds were isolated through repeated silica gel and ODS column chromatography. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined as 2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole-5-aldehyde (1), 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one (2), and protocatechuic acid methyl ester (3) by spectroscopic data including NMR, MS and IR. Compounds $1{\sim}3$ exhibited low density lipoprotein (LDL) antioxidant activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 1.7, 0.7, and $2.4{\mu}M$, respectively.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of herbs (dill weed, fennel seed and rosemary) on color stability and lipid oxidation of ground pork patties during storage at $2^{\circ}C$ and $-20^{\circ}C$. Lipid oxidation was determined by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method. Fennel seed was identified as being the most effective ingredient in terms of meat redness (Hunter a-values) during storage at $2^{\circ}C$ (p<0.05). Patties treated with rosemary had lower Hunter a-values than control, and dill weed was the least beneficial in influencing meat redness, having significantly lower a-values than control patties. During frozen storage at $-20^{\circ}C$, no significant differences in a-values were observed between the control patties and those treated with fennel seed. Patties treated with rosemary had lower a-values than control and patties with dill weed had negative a-values throughout storage. The cooking process increased Hunter L-values and decreased a-values in all patty samples. TBARS values increased during storage. Rosemary displayed excellent antioxidative activity as evidenced by the completely inhibition of TBARS formation of cooked pork patties. Dill weed and fennel seed also exerted an intermediate but significant antioxidant effect during storage (p<0.05).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2015

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seed is widely used as a traditional medicine in countries of Asia. Among many functions of the lotus seed, one interesting activity is its skin protection from the sunlight and scar. In this study, we focused on the skin protective property of lotus seed tea against ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. Two groups of a hairless mouse model, water as control (water group) and lotus seed tea (LST group), were administrated a fluid drink water for six months. After 6 month of administration, UVB exposure was carried out to both groups for another 3 months. During and after the administration, the skin moisture content and the morphological and histopathological analyses through biopsy were carried out. Prior to UVB irradiation, no significant difference was discovered in the skin moisture content for the water group and LST group (P<0.05). However, drastic changes were observed after the UVB treatment. The LST group showed a clear evidence of skin protection compared to the control group (P<0.05). The moisture content, epidermal and horny layer thickness, and protein carbonyl values all revealed that the intake of the lotus seed tea enhanced protection against UVB exposure. As a result, the long-term intake of the lotus seed tea showed the effect of preventing loss of skin moisture, mitigating the formation of abnormal keratinocytes, and contributing to protein oxidation inhibition.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.244-250
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• 2005

The copper-containing enzyme, tyrosinase, catalyzes the oxidation of tyrosine into dihydroxy phenylalanine (DOPA) and subsequently DOPAquinone. It is responsible, not only for the pigment melanin biosynthesis in human skin, but also for browning in foods. In the present study, tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of Korean mistletoe extract and its fractions were investigated. As a result, both water and methanol (MeOn) extracts inhibited the tyrosinase activity. Among the fractions, the fraction eluted with $95\%$ MeOn significantly inhibited the tyrosinase activity. The fraction was further purified, and the purified fraction C strongly inhibited the enzyme activity up to $92\%$. In addition, water and methanol extracts exerted radical scavenging effects. The fractions eluted with $70\%\;MeOn\;and\;95\%$ Me on showed high radical scavenging activities. In conclusion, these results suggest that Korean mistletoe extract and its fractions might be useful for the treatment of various dermatological disorders such as epidermal hyperpigmentation and for improving food quality.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.113-130
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• 2008

Objectives : Hyangsapyungwisan (HPS) has been used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases including of arthralgia, myalgia in traditional Korean medicine. However, the medical actions of HPS have not been clearly investigated. The aim of this study was to elucidate the antiradical and antioxidant activity of the extract for herb-acupuncture (HPS-HA) obtained from HPS. Methods & Results : HPS-HA exhibited a stronger inhibition rate (55.5%) on lipid peroxidation of rat liver homogenate induced by $FeCl_2$-ascorbic acid. In addition, HPS-HA markedly interfered with hydroxylradical generation through iron ions chelating action. While pro-oxidant effect of HPS-HA was nearly undetectable at concentrations of 0.5-10㎎/mL. Moerover, HPS-HA revealed a potent antiradical activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, superoxide anions, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. Furthermore, HPS-HA inhibited copper- and AAPH-mediated oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and also suppressed the relative electrophoretic mobility of LDL. HPS-HA showed strong protective activity against oxidative damage of HUVECs induced by SIN-1. Conclusions : These results suggest that HPS-HA may be effective in protecting against oxidative diseases.