• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2016

The structure of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings was investigated as a function of NaOH concentration in 0.06 M $Na_2SiO_3$ + 0.06 M $Na_3PO_4$ solution by using SEM and epoxy replica method. The PEO film was formed on AZ31 Mg alloy by the application of anodic pulse current with 0.2 ms width and its formation behavior was studied by voltage-time curves during the formation of PEO films. It was found that the addition of NaOH into $PO_4{^{3-}}$ and $SiO_3{^{2-}}$ containing aqueous solution causes a decrease in the PEO film formation voltage, suggesting that dielectric breakdown of the PEO becomes easier with increasing $OH^-$ ion concentration in the solution. With increasing $OH^-$ ion concentration, thickness of the PEO film increased and surface roughness decreased. The size of pores formed in the PEO layer became smaller and the number of cracks in the PEO layer increased with increasing $OH^-$ ion concentration. Based on the experimental results obtained in the work, it is suggested that $OH^-$ ions in the solution can contribute not only to the dielectric breakdown but also to the formation of PEO films in the presence of $PO_4{^{3-}}$ and $SiO_3{^{2-}}$ ions in the solution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.160-160
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• 2017

Commercially pure titanium (Cp-Ti) and Ti alloys (typically Ti-6Al-4V) display excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Although the chemical composition and topography are considered important, the mechanical properties of the material and the loading conditions in the host have, conventionally. Ti and its alloys are not bioactive. Therefore, they do not chemically bond to the bone, whereas they physically bond with bone tissue. The electrochemical deposition process provides an effective surface for biocompatibility because large surface area can be served to cell proliferation. Plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) enables control in the chemical composition, porous structure, and thickness of the TiO2 layer on Ti surface. Silicon (Si) in particular has been found to be essential for normal bone and cartilage growth and development. Zinc (Zn) plays very important roles in bone formation and immune system regulation, and is also the most abundant trace element in bone. The objective of this work was to study on electrochemical behaviors of PEO-treated Ti-6Al-4V Alloy in solution containing Zn and Si ions. The morphology, the chemical composition, and the microstructure analysis of the sample were examined using FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD. The potentiodynamic polarization and AC impedance tests for corrosion behaviors were carried out in 0.9% NaCl solution at similar body temperature using a potentiostat. The promising results successfully demonstrated the immense potential of Si/Zn-TiO2 coatings in dental and biomaterials applications.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.108-120
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• 2024

Due to its unique physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is an essential telechelic polymer that is used and applicable in areas ranging from automotive to aerospace and coatings industries. It is a key precursor in polyurethane chemistry and is celebrated for its versatility and ability to undergo various post-polymerization modifications to meet specific industrial needs. This review focuses on the sophisticated methodologies employed to enhance the stability and functionality of HTPB through targeted chemical modifications. Representative techniques include hydrogenation, which suppresses the oxidation susceptibility of polymers by saturating weak double bonds, and epoxidation, which introduces epoxy groups that increase the reactivity and compatibility with polar additives. These modifications not only preserve the inherent attributes of HTPB, they also amplify their utility across a spectrum of applications, from aerospace to automotive industries, where enhanced material performance is critical. This study outlines the challenges in modifying HTPB, discusses the chemical strategies employed, and showcases the improved performance characteristics of the resulting polymers, thus providing a comprehensive overview of the current advancements and future potential of HTPB utilization.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.188-203
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• 2021

The specific benefits of the modified films formed on preliminary anodized aluminum, including the versatility of their potential applications impose the need for evaluation of the exploitation reliability of these films. In this aspect, the durability of Cu and Ni modified anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) films on the low-doped AA1050 alloy was assessed through extended exposure to a 3.5% NaCl model corrosive medium. The electrochemical measurements by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic scanning (PDS) after 24 and 720 hours of exposure have revealed that the obtained films do not change their obvious barrier properties. In addition, supplemental analyses of the coatings were performed, in order to elucidate the impact of the AC-deposition of Cu and Ni inside the pores. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images have shown that the surface topology is not affected and resembles the typical surface of an etched metal. The subsequent energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) tests have revealed a predominance of Cu in the combined AAO-Cu/Ni layers, whereas additional X-ray photoelectron (XPS) analyses showed that both metals form oxides with different oxidation states due to alterations in the deposition conditions, promoted by the application of AC-polarization of the samples.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.874-878
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• 1994

To increase the anti-oxidation and anti-wear properties of graphite for the propellant-burning environment, SiC, Pt and Al2O3 multi-layer coatings were conducted succesisvely and the optimum condition was researched. The SiC layer was produced by pack cementation and SiC layer in thickness of 30 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ coating was produced after coating for 6 hours. Pt layer was coated by sputtering, and the Al2O3 layer was coated by reactive sputtering. the thickness of Pt layer and Al2O3 layer was less than one-tenth of that of SiC layer. The pack coated specimens and multi-layer coated specimens were made using above conditions and test-fired. The test result showed that the wear rate of SiC layer is approximately 1/10 compared to that of uncoated graphite.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.618-624
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• 2018

We developed a mass production method that simultaneously controls the phase transformation and crystal size of $TiO_2$ coatings on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Initially, MWCNTs were successfully coated with amorphous 15-20-nm-thick $TiO_2$ by an in-situ sol-gel method. As the calcination temperature increased in both air and argon atmospheres, the amorphous $TiO_2$ was gradually transformed into the fully anatase phase at approximately $600^{\circ}C$, a mixture of the anatase and rutile phases at approximately $700^{\circ}C$, and the fully rutile phase above approximately $800^{\circ}C$. The crystal size increased with increasing calcination temperature. Moreover, above $600^{\circ}C$, the size of crystals formed in air was approximately twice that of crystals formed in argon. The reason is thought to be that MWCNTs, which continuously supported the stresses associated with the reconstructive phase transformation, disappeared owing to complete oxidation in air at these high temperatures.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2017

When the heat flux on the heating surface following changing heat condition in the boiling heat transfer system exceeds critical heat flux, the critical heat flux phenomenon is going over to immediately the film boiling area and then it is occurred the physical destruction phenomenon of various heat transfer systems. In order to maximize the safe operation and performance of the heat transfer system, it is essential to improve the CHF(Critical Heat Flux) of the system. Therefore, we have analysis the effect of improving CHF and characteristics of heat transfer following the nanoparticle coating thickness. As the results, copper nanocoating time are increased to CHF, and in case of nano-coatings are increased spray-deposited coating times more than in the fure water; copper nanopowder is increased up to 6.40%. The boiling heat transfer coefficients of the pure water are increased up to 5.79% respectively. Also, the contact angle is decreased and surface roughness is increased when nano-coating time is increasingly going up.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.357-362
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• 2014

Thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) are being applied in many industrial fields such as thermal power generation, aviation and seasonal fields. $ZrO_2-Y_2O_3$(8%) thermal spray coating powders are commercially used as thermal-barrier coating materials to protect against oxidation and corrosion of heat-resistant alloys at elevated temperatures. Currently, $ZrO_2-Y_2O_3$(8%) thermal-spray powder is made using the industrial co-precipitation process, which is very complex and requires a lot of time. In this study, orthorhombic $ZrO_2$ and $Y_2O_3$ powders were fabricated by mechanical mixing, which is more economical than the co-precipitation process. A tetragonal, yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ) coating-layer was produced by plasma spraying, using orthorhombic $ZrO_2-Y_2O_3$(8%) powder. Our experimental results indicate that $ZrO_2-Y_2O_3$(8%) mixed powder can be used economically in industry because it is no longer necessary to make this powder by liquid and gas-phase methods.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.60-65
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• 2018

In the present study, the characteristics of Mg inverter cases for hybrid cars are investigated. Concerns over the use of lightweight materials to reduce energy use and to mitigate emission problems are inevitable in the twenty-first century. Magnesium is a promising material for the manufacturing of lightweight parts. Several cases for thermal cooling channels have been designed and simulated, and the effects of materials and coatings on the thermal cooling efficiency have been discussed. The effects of the coating thickness on heat extraction in an Mg inverter housing case using the PEO (plasma electrolyte oxidation) coating method were also discussed. In order to produce an inverter case by the diecasting process, the filling sequence and cooling behavior during the diecasting process were simulated. The optimized process conditions from the simulation result were then used in a trial diecasting experiment.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.34.2-34.2
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• 2009

The ceramic coatings on metallic materials have attracted by many researchers due to the chemical inertness of ceramic materials. In such aspect, SiOC is a promising material tobe used as protective coating layer on metallic materials due to its outstanding thermal stability and chemical inertness. In this research, SiOC coating was carried out onto SuS-316 substrate using Cl free preceramic polymers such aspolyphenylcarbosilane. 20% of polymethylphenylsilane in cyclohexane solution was coated onto metal surface by dip coating method. Thermal oxidation was carried out at $200^{\circ}C$ for crosslink of the preceramic polymer and the sample was pyrolysized at $800^{\circ}C$ under argon to convert the preceramic polymer to amorphous SiOCx state. The microstructure of the SiOCx film after pyrolysis was investigated using FE-SEM. Corrosion resistance of SiOC coated SuS-316 substrate has been investigated using 5% HCl solution at 25, 40, 60 and $80^{\circ}C$ for 7days. The data revealed that the corrosion resistance increased with SiOC coating on SuS-316 substrate.