• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.65-75
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• 1993

This study was carried out to analyze the user's perception of crowding in lawn areas in parks. On-site questionnaire survey was executed to study the variables which influence the Perception of Crowding(PC). The survey sites were lawn areas at and in Bo-mun Resort Complex in Kyung-ju. The major results were as follows; 1. Generally, in site's frequency of use, 2-3 times a year ranked as the highest (49%), and in user's residence, Busan and Pohang were highly ranked. As the purpose of visit, two survey sites showed differently. In , family picnic ranked high, but in case of , it had the tendency to the use of adult group and the rally for union. 2. By the results of the analysis of variables related to perceived crowding(PC), perceived density(PD) was the most influensive variables, nuisances by other users(NU) and expected crowding(EC) were another influensive variables. The candidate regression model is, PC=-0.125+0.597(PD)+0.409(NU)+0.307(EC) (R2=0.4592). 3. In variables, related to use density, perceived density(PD) was more influensive and significant variables than actual use density(AD). 4. In planning and design of lawn areas in park, is recommended than . The lawn areas of are more desirable and accommodative than in overuse situation.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3-27
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• 2017

This paper studied the effects of anti-dumping measures on the imports to investigate whether the trade restriction effect of an anti-dumping duty is dominant. Our results indicate that a 1% increase in the anti-dumping duties decreases the import of the targeted product by about 0.43~0.51%. The actual statistics, however, show that the total import of the targeted products increased by about 30 percent while an anti-dumping duty was in force. That indicates that an anti-dumping duty is just a temporary import relief. This paper also investigated whether an anti-dumping duty is terminated in the case that the injury would not be likely to continue or recur if the duty were removed. The hazards model estimates show that increase in market share, MFN tariff rate, and dumping margin decrease the hazard of termination of an anti-dumping duty, but the increase in value added increases the hazard of termination. Generally speaking, this result indicates that the WTO member countries have regulated the overuse of an anti-dumping measure. The findings of this paper show that there is a country- and industry-wise heterogeneous characteristic in the effect as well as termination of an anti-dumping duty.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1141-1147
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• 2017

An unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot aboard, which is operated by wireless device. A drone provides the capability for the aerial search and traffic control as a police equipment. It has benefits for the missions for the aerial photography with the high resolution camera which can replace eye-dependent search processes. Moreover it has advantage of retrieving several times for the recorded videos. However, if the law enforcement agency misuse and overuse a drone for investigations and search missions without certain regulations and principles, it breaches privacy and personal information infringement. In this paper, we issue a lawful challenges on drone operations and discuss solutions to those challenges.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2006

An array of surveys was designed to improve current Pesticide Management Law and Acts by investigating farmers' usage of pesticides and by assessing applicability of Plant Protection Certificate to register local pesticide markets or related businesses. This study indicates that most farmers choose pesticide recommended by local pesticide market dealers. This survey also indicates serious misuse or overuse of pesticides by farmers probably due to inappropriate recommendations. To guarantee rational use of pesticides by the end users, most experts in the plant protection areas have realized the importance of the Certificate as a license to register the local pesticide markets. To the end, current Pesticide Management Laws and Acts need to be revised to ask pesticide-dealing workers to take the Plant Protection Certificate.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.103-115
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• 2017

This paper shows the types of deteriorated hiking trails and degrading factors at three Great Walks such as Tongariro Alpine Crossing, Routeburn Track and Kepler Track in New Zealand. The deteriorated trails could be classified into gullying, widening, narrowing, branching and sidewall erosion. Department of Conservation carefully manages overland flows on trails for preventing surface erosion, thus the Great Walks show only a minor problem of gully on trails which is usually active in a mountainous area. Widening and branching of trails caused by tread erosion are not also developed due to the restriction of visitors as well as the management of rainwash. However, despite the detailed maintenance and prevention of an overuse of trails, some trails traversing steep slopes in a alpine zone under a periglacial environment are severely degraded along their sidewalls. It suggests that a unvegetated sidewall of trails has to be strictly managed in an early stage of occurrence and a slope-traversing section should be selected with more consideration when establishing a route of hiking trails.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1706-1710
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• 2019

Background: Despite frequent shoulder injuries of rotator cuff muscle of golfers by the result of overuse and poor swing mechanics, there is little research on shoulder specific rehabilitation exercises for injured rotator cuff muscle and golf swing Objective: To examined the effect of rehabilitation exercise for golfers on the X factor and ground reaction force (GRF) according to phase of the golf swing. Design: Crossover study Methods: The participants were 13 amateur golfers selected for a 4 week rehabilitation exercise for golfers. A rehabilitation exercise for golfers consisting of 5 steps and 4 items (sleeper stretch, full side plank, push up to plank, high plank knee unders) were applied to all participants. A three dimensional motion analyzer and force platform (SMART-E, BTS, Italy) were used to measure the X factor (angle between shoulder and pelvis at top of back swing) and GRF according to phase of the golf swing. All dependent variables were measured before and after exercise. The collected data was analyzed using the paired t test and SPSS 21.0. Results: The GRF had a statistically significant increase in the impact phase and ratio impact/weight after rehabilitation exercise for golfers (p<.05). The X-factor, GRF in top of back swing and finish were no significant differences between before and after exercise (p>.05). Conclusions: These results suggested that rehabilitation exercise for golfers was effective for increasing GRF in the impact phase and ratio impact/weight for amateur golfer.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.993-998
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• 2006

High-rise apartments have a problem using natural ventilation because of the strong outdoor wind velocity. Conventional high-rise apartments have adopted mechanical ventilation systems to maintain the indoor air quality. However, it leads to the overuse of electricity and the sick house syndrome. Double-skin facade is the alternative for the high-rise building to use natural ventilation and this study is focused on the performance of the box-window, which is a kind of double-skin facades. Indoor wind velocity and HCHO concentrations are analyzed with three types of box-windows: the diagonal type, parallel type and perpendicular type. The airflow is simulated by computational fluid dynamics program. Box-windows reduce the maximum value of indoor wind velocity about 50% compared with the single window and the HCHO concentrations do not have the big difference. Box-windows could be the alternative to enhance the use of the natural ventilation and indoor air quality of the high-rise apartment.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to understanding the constraint induced movement and Self-efficacy with arm training on upper motor function in Stroke Patients. Methods : Stroke, the leading cause of functional disability, causes a variety of impairments that compromise quality of life. Upper limb hemiparesis, a commonly seen impairment, is particularly problematic given its impact on activities of daily living. Because stroke was a disease to correspond to the first during domestic cause of death, and was accompanied by a lot of side aftereffects after a survival, stroke rehabilitation bought a patient and a family and a physical therapist, and it was main concern of. Results : Looks into upper extremity excrise of a subacute stroke patient estranged a acute convalescence later by a rehabilitation treatment in this consideration, and evaluates an effect to wind up constraint induced movement for an early treatment of stroke and Self efficacy, and help is one to an early rehabilitation of an stroke patient. Conclusions : Overuse sound tends after the stroke occurrence in the early stage in order to recompense for stroke, and at the time of a new aspect called learned nonuse syndrome by a movement of a paralysis part dusting off wealth with this step thing later. Constraint induced movement using self efficacy could be an effective for improving function of stroke.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.905-922
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• 2021

Novel bioactive metabolites have been developed through a bioconversion of dairy products or other foods using probiotics isolated from dairy products or other fermented foods. These probiotics-mediated bioconversion (PMB) metabolites show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, epithelial barrier, and anticancer activities. In addition, the effect of PMB metabolites in periodontitis is recently reported in several studies. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by infections, and the tooth support tissue is destroyed. Common treatments for periodontitis include scaling and root planning with systemic antibiotics. However, the overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms and disturbs the beneficial bacteria, including lactobacilli in the oral cavity. For this reason, PMB metabolites, such as fermented milk, have been suggested as substitutes for antibiotics to reduce periodontitis. This paper reviews the recent studies on the correlation between periodontitis and PMB metabolites and classifies the efficacy of major PMB metabolites for periodontitis. The review suggests that PMB is effective for periodontitis, and further studies are needed to confirm the therapeutic effect of PMB metabolites on periodontitis.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Collaborative research and development (R&D) has been encouraged based on the belief that knowledge spill-over is mutually beneficial for partners. Although the benefits are supported by science and technology policy research, the risk of R&D collaboration has not been extensively discussed. Two independent studies suggest that there are risks associated with the overuse of collaborative research frameworks. Two sets of R&D collaboration data were analyzed: between the national bio-technology research program and 1) Data Envelop Analysis (DEA), and 2) between Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). In the case of SFA, output measures were integrated into a single output, with weights extracted from research programme managers' responses to the questionnaire. While the DEA result demonstrated the inefficiency of collaborative research, SFA did not. Unlike previous research highlighting risks associated with disclosing proprietary R&D and potential conflict of interest, our study indicates that the transaction's social cost affects collaborative research efficiency. Therefore, governments promoting R&D collaborations should be carefully managed, and policy makers must reconsider the strict conditions governing compulsory collaborative R&D programs.