• ETRI Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.186-201
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• 1997

In this paper, a home location register (HLR) for CDMA mobile communication system (CMS) is introduced. It stores the mobile station (MS) subscribers locations and supplementary service information. Call processing procedures for HLR are developed to receive and store subscriber's location coming from mobile exchange (MX) during the location registration, and to transfer subscriber's location and supplementary service information to the MX during the mobile-terminated call setup. For fast call processing by increasing database access speed, a memory-resident database management system is devised. For Easy and secure HLR operation, administration and maintenance functions and overload control mechanisms are implemented. Designed HLR hardware platform is expandable and flexible enough to reallocated software blocks to any subsystems within the platform. It is configurable according to the size of subscribers. An authentication center (AC) is developed on the same platform. It screens the qualified MS from the unqualified. The calls to and from the unqualified MS are rejected in CMS. To authenticate the MS, the AC generates a new authentication parameter called "AUTHR" using shared secret data (SSD) and compared it with the other AUTHR received from the MS. The MC also generates and stores seed keys called "A-keys" which are used to generate SSDs. The HLR requirements, the AC requirements, software architecture, hardware platform, and test results are discussed.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.369-375
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• 2020

Distribution energy resources have been increasing in recent years. However, output power is limited for distribution network stability. This study proposes an active distribution network that can reconfigure distribution lines by using an active phase controller. A conventional distribution network has a fixed structure, whereas an active distribution network has a variable structure. Therefore, the latter can increase the output power of distribution energy resources and decrease the overload of distribution line facilities. An active phase controller has two operation modes for minimizing circulating current during dynamic reconfiguration. In this study, voltage and current control algorithms are proposed for active phase controllers. The simulation of the proposed methods for active phase controllers is performed using PSIM software.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.282-290
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• 2006

In vertically overlaid cellular systems, a temporary traffic concentration can occur in a hot-spot area, and this adversely affects overall system capacity. In this paper, we develop an adaptive hot-spot operating scheme (AHOS) to mitigate the negative effects from the nonuniform distribution of user location and the variation in the mixture of QoS requirements in orthogonal frequency division multiple access downlink systems. Here, the base station in a macrocell can control the operation of picocells within the cell, and turns them on or off according to the system overload estimation function. In order to determine whether the set of picocells is turned on or off, we define an AHOS gain index that describes the number of subcarriers saved to the macrocell by turning a specific picocell on. For initiating the picocell OFF procedure, we utilize the changes in traffic concentration and co-channel interference to the neighboring cells. According to computer simulation, the AHOS has been proved to have maximize system throughput while maintaining a very low QoS outage probability under various system scenarios in both a single-cell and multi-cell environments.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2018

This paper proposes pre-analysis on planning of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system applied to Korea electric power grid. HVDC transmission system for interface lines has been considered as alternative solution for high-voltage AC transmission line in South Korea since constructing new high-voltage AC transmission lines is challenging due to political, environmental and social acceptance problems. However, the installation of HVDC transmission system as interface line in AC grid must be examined carefully. Thus, this paper suggests three scenarios to examine the influences of the installation of HVDC transmission system in AC grid. The power flow and contingency analyses are carried out for the proposed scenarios. Power reserves in metro area are also evaluated. And then the transient stability analysis focusing on special protection scheme (SPS) operations is analyzed when critical lines, which are HVDC lines or high voltage AC lines, are tripped. The latest generic model of HVDC system is considered for evaluating the impacts of the SPS operations for introducing HVDC system in the AC grid. The analyses of proposed scenarios are evaluated by electromechanical simulation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.562-565
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• 2017

In this letter, we consider a 7-step transmission procedure of a large number of machine nodes when they simultaneously request random access to transmit uplink data. We model the radio resource utilization of LTE systems, and analyze the overloaded resources. From the simulation results, we show that the resource of PDCCH becomes significantly overloaded as the number of machine nodes increases in a cell. To alleviate the overload of PDCCH, we allocate radio resource of PDSCH to PDCCH. The result shows that the resource utilization of PDCCH is improved.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.8D no.6
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• pp.637-644
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• 2001

EJB, providing specification for development and deployment of component based application, permits distributed development as central element of J2EE environment that manages automatically transaction management, persistence, concurrency control that are the most complicated work in enterprise environment. In this paper, we wish to resolve DAO's transaction logic complexity and performance reduction of system in the EJB based legacy system. Therefore, this paper describes the design and implementation of IDAO that applies Iterator pattern. IDAO gets effect that reduces complexity of transaction logic, system overload by database connection, and reduction of performance through container managed transaction.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2020

In recent years, the demand for the distribution of energy resource has been increasing. However, the output power is limited by the stability of the distribution network. This study proposes an active distribution network that can reconfigure the distribution line using an active phase controller. The conventional distribution network has a fixed structure, whereas the proposed active distribution network has a variable structure. Therefore, the active distribution network can increase the output power of the distribution energy resource and reduce the overload of distribution line facilities. The active phase controller has two operation modes to minimize the circulating current during dynamic reconfiguration. In this study, the voltage and current control algorithms are proposed for the active phase controller. The proposed method for the active phase controller is simulated via PSIM simulation.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.129-137
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• 1999

Reinforced concrete structures using early age concrete were result in the degradation of structural performance due to crack, overload, unexpected vibration and impact load. It demands urgently that reinforced concrete structure using early age concrete should be improved the serviceability and structural performance with the application of new fiber materials. Therefore specimens, designed by the test varibles, such as with or without stirrup and percent of steel fiber incorporated, were constructed and tested to evaluate and develop the structural performance of reinforced steel fiber concrete beam. Based on the test results reported in this study, the following conclusions are made. Specimens, designed by the over 0.75% of steel fiber incorporated, were showed the ductile behavior and failed slowly with flexure and flexure-shear. Comparing with the load-displacement relationship of specimen BSS, designed by the recommendations of the Ministry of Construction and Transportation, reinforced steel fiber concrete beam using early age concrete, over 0.75% of steel fiber incorporated, gets enough load carrying capacity and ductility. Increasing the percent of steel fiber incorporated(0.25~2.0%), the ultimate shear stress of each specimen were increased 12~40% than that of control specimen SSS.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.391-400
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• 2005

최근 몇 년 사이 컴퓨터와 초고속 통신망의 대중적인 보급으로 인하여 인터넷 사용 인구가 급격하게 증가하였고 인터넷 사용량 또한 폭발적으로 증가하였다. 이와 같이 막대한 양으로 늘어난 트래픽은 서버에 과도한 양의 부하를 발생시켜 서비스 전반에 걸친 성능 저하를 가져왔다. 따라서 서버에 많은 양의 트래픽이 발생하더라도 정상적인 서비스를 제공할 수 있도록 하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 서버의 트래픽 폭주로 인한 서버 과부하 문제를 해결하기 위해 수락 제어 알고리즘을 이용한다. 수락 제어 기법은 컨텐츠 변환이나 로드 밸런싱과 같이 수동적으로 부하를 덜어주거나 분산시키는 방식이 아닌 트래픽에 제한을 가하여 능동적으로 서버의 부하를 조절하는 방식이다. 클라이언트에 의한 연결 요청이 이루어질 때 서버의 부하 상태를 평가한 후 서버가 수용 가능한 수준이면 클라이언트 새로운 연결 요청을 수락하여 이를 서비스할 수 있도록 한다. <중략> 또한 서비스 요청에 제한적인 정책을 따를 경우 서버의 부하 변화에 빠르게 반응하지만 QoS(Quality of Service)의 향상을 얻을 수 있는 반면 더 많은 서비스 요청을 수용하는 정책을 취할 경우 서버의 부하 변화에 대한 반응이 느리지만 throughput이 증가하는 이득을 얻을 수 있게 된다. QoS와 throughput가 서로 tradeoff 관계에 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 요구되는 서비스의 성격에 따라 즉 더 높은 수준의 QoS 보장이 중요한 서비스인가 아니면 더 높은 수준의 throughput 보장이 요구되는 서비스인가에 따라 다른 수락 제어 정책을 적용하는 것이 가능하게 된다.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.49 no.9
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• pp.708-714
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• 2011

The premature failure of a servovalve used for six months in a thermal power plant has been analyzed. The servovalve was made of stainless steel, containing 16Cr-0.44Mo, along with other elements. An overload of oil-supply pumping and an abnormal increase in the oil flux were observed during operation. A study revealed that erosion and corrosion could be the main causes of the failure. The visual examination of the servovalve did not show any appreciable damage. However, corrosion and erosion of the servovalve were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Upon examination of the servovalve, the corrosion was found to have occurred throughout the bushing and spool; however, erosion occurred at only the edge-side. In addition, the condition of the electrohydraulic control system (EHC) oil was investigated with respect to its satisfaction of the management standard.