• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2015

The aims of the current study were to assess reliability of range of motion (ROM) measurement of glenohumeral internal rotation (GIR) with a pressure biofeedback stabilization (PBS) method and to compare the reliability between manual stabilization (MS) and the PBS method. In measurement of pure glenohumeral joint motion, scapular stabilization is necessary. The MS method in GIR ROM measurement was used to restrict scapular motion by pressing the palm of the tester's hand over the subject's clavicle, coracoid process, and humeral head. The PBS method was devised to maintain consistent pressure for scapular stabilization during GIR ROM measurement by using a pressure biofeedback unit. GIR ROM was measured by 2 different stabilization methods in 32 subjects with GIR deficit using a smartphone clinometer application. Repeated measurements were performed in two test sessions by two testers to confirm inter- and intra-rater reliability. After tester A performed measurements in test session 1, tester B's measurements were conducted one hour later on the same day to assess the inter-rater reliability and then tester A performed again measurements in test session 2 for confirming the intra-rater reliability. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) (2,1) was applied to assess the inter-rater reliability and ICC (3,1) was applied to determine the intra-rater reliability of the two methods. In the PBS method, the intra-rater reliability was excellent (ICC=.91) and the inter-rater reliability was good (ICC=.84). The inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the PBS method was higher than in the MS method. The PBS method could regulate manual scapular stabilization pressure in inter- and intra-rater measuring GIR ROM. Results of the current study recommend that the PBS method can provide reliable measurement data on GIR ROM.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.431-434
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• 2023

Background: The first 3 ribs are anatomically well-protected, shielded by the large thoracic muscles, the shoulder girdle, and the arm. A significant force is required to fracture these ribs; thus, such fractures suggest a high-energy trauma and are associated with injuries to vital organs of the thorax, such as the aorta, the heart, the lungs and the great vessels. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted over a 10-year period at a single hospital. The study assessed patients with fractures of the second rib, including their concurrent injuries and the overall severity of their trauma. Results: Among the 76 patients included in the study, the average age was 47.35 years, 81.5% were men, and 19.5% were women. Thirteen patients (17.1%) survived their injuries. The most common causes of injury were road traffic accidents (63%) and pedestrian injuries (22%). The patients who did not survive sustained injuries to an average of 5 additional organs, while survivors had injuries to an average of 2.07 additional organs. Left rib fractures were the most frequently observed (46%). The most serious concurrent injuries reported were to the aorta (5.26%), heart (10.52%), lung (52.36%), head (57.89%), liver (30.2%), spleen (26.31%), and kidney (17.1%). Conclusion: As indicators of serious injury to vital endothoracic organs, isolated fractures of the second rib should be considered equal to first rib fractures in clinical importance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.216-219
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• 2014

Purpose: We presented with a patient with traumatic brain injury who showed a transcallosal ipsilateral motor pathway from unaffected motor cortex to affected extremities, as evaluated by diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Methods: One patient and six age-matched normal subjects were enrolled. A 42-year-old left hemiparetic male who suffered from brain injury by motor vehicle accident 9 years ago showed a leukomalactic lesion in the right corona radiata and parieto-temporal lobe. His left extremities were completely paralyzed initially, but recovered slowly over 2 years. At the time of the evaluation, he was able to grasp and release an object, and to walk with spastic gait pattern. DTT was performed using 1.5 T with a Synergy-L Sensitivity Encoding head coil. DTT was obtained with termination criteria of FA <0.2 and an angle change > $45^{\circ}c$. Results: The motor tracts of the unaffected (left) hemisphere of the patient and control subjects originated from the motor cortex and descended along the known corticospinal tract without any transcallosal tract. By contrast, the tract of the affected (right) hemisphere originated from the left premotor cortex, descended through the left corona radiata, and then crossed the mid-portion of the corpus callosum. The tract then descended through the known corticospinal tract pathway to the right medulla. Conclusion: We conclude that the transcallosal ipsilateral motor pathway from the unaffected hemisphere appeared to contribute to the motor recovery in this patient.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.263-268
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• 1992

인체 소차관의 급성 질환 띤 만성으로 호산구성 육아종증을 일으키는 것으로 알려져 있는 Anisakis류에 있어서 중간 숙주가 되는 우리나라 남해안산 허산 어류 중 부산 각 지역별 광안리, 자갈치, 송도와 다대포에서 붕장어를 구입하여 유충류를 채집한 후 헙대학적인 조사를 시도하였던 바 Anisakis type과 Contracaecum type의 두가지 유충을 검출하였다. 붕장어 382마리 중 259마리가 양성으로 67.8%의 감염률이었으며 붕장어 마리당 감염를은 전체 충체 1,768마리로써 4.6마리였다. 넉장어의 크기에 따른 선충류의 감염률은 꽐수록 증가되었다. 통장어의 각 장기별 선충류의 감염률은 망 1,430(80.8%), 소장 166(9.38%), 위장 107(6.0%), 퍼부 32(1.8%), 근육 18(1.0%), 간장 13(0.7%) 그리고 두부 2(0.1%)의 순위이었다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 붕장어회의 생식으로 Anisakis류의 인체 감염의 가능성이 충분하다고 판단된다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 1996

Full scale experiment was carried out in the southern sea of Korea to compare some important factors tested in the model experiment. The results obtained can be summarized as follows ; 1. The changing aspect of mouth performance of the full scale net was almost coincided with the results obtained by the model experiment. The vertical opening(H) and the opening area(S) can be expressed as a function of the towing velocity(V) as H=48.78. $e^0.38V$(unit: m, k't) S= 1,443 .$e^-0.25V$(unit: $m^2V$, k't) 2. The changing aspect of working depth of the full scale net was almost coincided with the results obtained by the model experiment. The depth(D) can be expressed as a function of the towing velocity(V) and the warp length(L) as D=92.49.$V^1.37$(unit: m, k't, L= 150m) D= 12.07+0.32. L (unit: m, V=2k't) [)= - 7.90+0.22 . L (unit: m, V=3k't) 3. Some problems were found to operate A - type full scale net by common bottom pair trawlers. The problems can be summarized as follows; (1) Entangling of wing and square head ropes while net casting.(2) Man power needed and time spent for net hauling by common bottom trawlers increased considerably.( 3) Tearing of nettings caused by over -load of tension and entangling of net pendant while net hauling. To solve these problems, the trawlers are favorable to be equipped with variable pitch propeller and llet drum. While the net is favorable to be constructed with trifurcated net pendant in stead of quadrifurcated net pendant used at present.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine factors contributing to financial resources interchange type and amount of the middle aged and the elderly household. For this study, the 6th KLIPS data was used, and sample size was 1,679 households including those with head of household being over the age of 50. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine frequency, percentile, mean and standard deviation, Pearson's correlation, Anova, Duncan's multiple range test and Heckman analysis First, Interchange amount of Benefits type household was significantly different according to the householder's gender, existence or nonexistence of a spouse, age, educational background, home ownership, family type and place of residence. However, interchange amount of provide- type households were significantly different according tohouseholder's gender, existence or nonexistence of a spouse, educational background, whether retired or not, and home ownership. Second, The receptive type of households and net receptive expense of households in terms of the financial resources interchanges and the findings of Heckman analyses suggest that the variables to have a significant effect on the receptive types of financial interchanges were as gender, age, education level, retired or not, and current economics. Factors having an effects on net receptive expense were age, and family type and for the number of receptive of financial resources, whether there is the receptive of financial resources, total income, total asset. Third, The supplying type of households and net supplying expense of households in terms of the financial resources interchanges, whether or not the type of financially supplying households is significant were residential area, total income, house ownership. Factor having an effect net supplying expense were age, family type, whether there is the supplying of financial resources, family satisfaction, and house ownership.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.139-150
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• 1997

For high-speed networks, a new ring protocal is proposed in this paper. A ring network combined with destination removal can achieve much higher network throughput than the channel transmission rate. However, such a network exhibits fairness problems. Over a past few years, global fairness algorithms such as ATMR and Metaring have been proposed to solve such problems. But the ring access time delay and fairness in such networks are sensitive to the network parameters such as network size and traffic distribution. In addition to guaranteeing fair ring access to all nodes, there are several other important performance aspects in such networks. The one is that fairness is enforced while node throughputs are kept as high as possible. And another performance measure is access delay and more specifically Head-Of-Line(HOL) delay, i.e., the amount of time the first cell in the transmission buffer of a node has to wait before it accesses the ring. HOL delay is a mijor component in the transmission jitter of the synchronous traffic transmission. A key idea of the proposed ring protocol is to find the nodes that have much more chances to access the ring than any other nodes in the independently distributed node architecture. Since destined by many cells need to share a part of the bandwidths with the next node for the fairness in as much as performance degradation does not become critical. To investigate the performance behavior of the proposed ring protocol for various network condition,s several performance parameters wuch as ring access time delay, and throughput are compared with those of the ATMR and Metaring protocols using simulation package, SIMAN.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1563-1571
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 인간중이의 소리전달특성 계산을 위한 유한요소모델을 개발하였다. 이소골의 형상을 얻기 위하여 한국인 사체에서 추출한 측두골을 마이크로 CT 촬영하여 3 차원 입체모델로 변환하였다. 유한요소모델은 이소골, 고막, 인대와 근육 등을 포함하여 구성하였다. 유한요소모델을 이용하여 고막에서 등골족판까지의 응답함수를 계산한 후 측정값을 갖는 선행연구와 비교하였고 그 결과 10 kHz 주파수 대역까지 소리전달특성을 잘 표현하고 있음을 보였다. 또한 유한요소 모델을 구성하는 주요 물성인자의 변화에 대한 소리전달특성의 변화를 살피고 침등골관절의 강성값이 중이의 소리전달특성에 큰 영향을 미침을 보였다.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2001

기존의 유압실험장치는 단순히 유압회로도만을 구성하도록 되어 있기 때문에 수업시 학생들의 흥미를 유발시키지 못하면서 강의 효과를 떨어뜨리고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 기계공학실험중 유압실험에 관한 공학교육의 효과를 높이기 위해 학생들이 눈으로 쉽게 유동을 파악할 수 있는 유압시스템을 개발하였다. 이를 위하여 유압구성품은 아크릴로 정밀가공을 하여 투명성을 유지시켜 주었고, 기존의 불투명한 관은 투명하면서 유연한 관으로 교체하였다. 유체의 흐름을 눈으로 확인할 수 있도록 적색의 오일을 사용하였다. 더 나아가 제작된 유압장치를 이용하여 이론수업시 OHP와 함께 사용한다면 밸브의 구조를 명확히 이해할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 개발된 비주얼 유압 시스템을 이용한다면 유압 분야의 기본 이론이나 원리를 쉽게 이해시킬 수 있어 학생들의 학습증진에 기여할 수 있고 교과목의 목적을 충분히 구현할 수 있어 그 교육 효과가 매우 클 것으로 기대된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.254-269
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• 2004

Polysilicato-iron coagulant (PSI) is receiving attention in Japan as a substitute for aluminum-based coagulants. In the first part of this article, coagulation, sedimentation and filtration experiments were carried out using kaolin clay particles as the turbidizing material and four types of PSI with various molar ratios of polysilicic acid to ferric chloride (Si/Fe ratio). Results demonstrate that use of a PSI with a high Si/Fe ratio can cause a more dramatic decrease in treated water turbidity but a higher suction time ratio (STR) than when PACl is used. However, optimization by increasing the rapid agitation strength GR is found to greatly improve the STR. In addition, the series of filtration experiments verified that optimization of GR is greatly effective in controlling rapid increases in filter head loss, and also formation of a thin aging layer in the upper part of the filter bed by slow-start filtration is effective in improving filtered water turbidity over the entire filtration process. The second part of this article describes two innovative filtration techniques to increase the particle separation efficiency; (1) coagulant-coated filter medium by enhancing the electrical potential of the surface of the filter medium, and (2) coagulant dosing in influent by controlling the electrical potential of particles entering the filter layer. From the results of the various filtration experiments using a pilot plant, these two techniques were found to be very effective to reduce the effluent water turbidity from the start to the end of a filter run. Moreover, in the filtration experiments using these two methods simultaneously, higher removal efficiency of approximately 3-log (99.7%) was realized, resulting that the finished water turbidity was accordingly reduced to 0.004mg/L.