• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2008

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the calcium intake on lipid profile and antioxidant capacities in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Rats were divided into 3 groups and fed diet with different levels of calcium (low 0.1%, adequate 0.5%, high 1.5%) for 4 weeks. The half of rats in each group was ovariectomized and the others were sham-operated. And rats were fed same diets for 8 weeks after operation. Feed intake and weight gain were significantly higher in OVX group than those in sham-operated. Serum HDL-cholesterol was the highest in high-calcium group of OVX. Hepatic triglyceride of low-calcium group in sham-operated was the highest, while that of highcalcium group in OVX was the highest. Hepatic activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase were significantly decreased by increasement of calcium intake. Hepatic TBARS level was the lowest in high-calcium group of OVX. And hepatic level of TBARS induced by AAPH was significantly decreased by increasement of calcium intake. These results may indicate that the high calcium intake have the potential role to improve lipid profiles and antioxidant capacities in OVX rats.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.411-415
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• 2010

The present study was devised to determine the effects of body weight, organ weight, hematological values and biochemical parameters by vitamin E and selenium (Selevit) in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Intact group (n=10) received no treatment and operation. Sham group (n=10) received only sham operation and no treatment. OVX group received operation and no treatment. OVX+Selevit received operation and Selevit. The body weights of the all group increased, and that of OVX+Selevit group was the lowest rates. There were significant differences (P<0.01, P<0.001) of body weights between OVX+Selevit group and all other groups. Also, organ weights such as heart, liver, spleen and kidney were measured. The heart and liver weight were significantly lower (P<0.01, P<0.001) in the OVX+Selevit group than in the Intact and Sham group. Also, the kidney weight was significantly lower (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the OVX+Selevit group than in the all other group. On the other hand, there was no significantly difference in the organ weight of spleen between the OVX+Selevit group and the other groups. The number of WBC was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the OVX+Selevit group than in the all other groups. The hematological values of RBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC were no significant differences in any groups. The biochemical parameters of serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase increased significantly in the OVX+Selevit group as compared to that in the OVX group. But, there were no significant differences in AST and ALT in any groups. We conclude that vitamin E and selenium were significantly decreased the body weights in the ovariectomized rats. Our findings suggest that vitamin E and selenium may influence the process of lipid packaging and absorption in the ovariectomized rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1578-1583
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sea tangle (ST) extracts on formation of collagen and collagen cross-link in ovariectomized rats. From day 3 until 42 after the ovariectomy, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-operated rats(Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), ovariectomized rats supplemented with ST at 50 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-ST50), 200 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-ST200). The ethanol extraxcr of ST was orally administrated at 1 ml/day. The change of collagen content was investigated in bone, cartilage and skin of ovariectomized rats. Effects of ST extract on the amount of collagen was examined by measuring the hydroxyproline, which is a specific amino acid existing in collagen. The ovariectomy resulted in a decrease in the levels of collagen content in bone and cartilage tissues. However, the supplementation with the sea tangle extract prevented the decrease in the collagen level in bone and cartilage tissues. Pyridinoline is pyridinium cross-link formed in the mature form of collagen from lysine and hydroxylysine residues. Although the pyridinoline content in bone collagen declined after ovariectomy, it was recovered to a normal level of Sham group by the supplementation with the ST extracts. In addition, the deoxypyridinoline content in bone collagen, which was reduced after ovariectomy was enhanced to normal level by the supplementation with the ST extract. These results was consistent with the conclusions based on estrogenic activities of ST.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.242-248
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• 2005

The effect of calcium and boron supplementation on bone strength was determined in growing and ovariectomized (OVX) Sparague-Dawley rats. Rats were divided into 9 groups and fed diet with different intake levels of calcium and boron for 4 weeks. About fifty percentages of rats in each group were OVX and the others were sham-operated. The rats were fed same diets after operation for 8 weeks. The feed intake, body weight gain, and FER were significantly higher in OVX rats than those in sham-operated ones. Serum osteocalcin, bone formation biomarker, was significantly increased with increment in calcium and boron intakes. Serum estradiol was lower in OVX rats than in sham-operated ones. Bone mineral density of femur was significantly lower in OVX rats than in other group. The breaking forces of bones were not significantly different among the groups. The urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline, osteolytic marker was significantly increased with increment in calcium intake and ovariectomy. The urinary calcium excretion was significantly increased with increment in calcium intake, but decreased with increment in boron intake. According to theses results, the boron supplementation resulted in higher serum osteocalcin and lower urinary calcium excretion. Therefore, it could be suggested that the boron supplementation may be complementary and useful to calcium nutrition for bone health.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.356-361
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Porphyra tenera (PT) extract on serum lipids content in ovariectomized rats. From day 3 until 42 after the ovariectomy, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-operated rats (Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), ovarjectomized rats supplemented with PT at 50 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-PT50), 200 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-PT200). The PT ethanol extract were orally administrated at 1 m1 per day. Body weight gain, food intake and food efficiency ratio were not significantly different between groups. Although total-cholesterol was increased in OVX-control, supplementation with the PT decreased the level of cholesterol in serum. Especially, it was significantly decreased in OVX-PI50 (p＜0.05). Triglyceride was significantly decreased to almost all of groups supplemented with PT (p＜0.05). The levels of HDL-cholesterol was higher in PT extract group than OVX-control. These results suggest that supplementation with the PT extract positively influenced on lipid concentration in serum. Consequently, we expect that PT extract decrease risk of cardiovascular diseases by postmenopausal.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2012

Soy isoflavones have been suggested to improve bone loss and lipid profile in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized rats. In present study, we investigated the hypothesis that consumption of soybean, mung bean, cowpea and azuki bean has a beneficial effect on lipid profile which associates with bone mass in ovariectomized rats. Forty two female Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham-operated (Sham) or surgically ovariectomized (OVX). Sham and OVX groups were fed a regular AIN-93M diet, but ovariectomized rats with soybean (OS), mung bean (OM), cowpea (OC) or adzuki bean (OA) were fed AIN-93M diet replacing 35% of corn starch with powdered OS, OM, OC or OA for 10 weeks. Total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in Sham and OC groups than other OVX groups. There was significant negative association between total cholesterol concentration and bone mineral density (BMD) of tibia in only OC group. In conclusion, total-cholesterol concentration was significantly and negatively correlated with BMD in rats consumed cowpea, suggesting that the reduced cholesterol concentration may have a beneficial effect on bone mass.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2008

Taurine supplementation has been shown to have an effect on lowering blood lipids in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. It therefore seemed desirable to find out whether the beneficial effect of taurine on OVX rats fed calcium-deficient diet could also be reproduced. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups. One group was OVX and the other group received a sham operation (Sham). Each rat group was further divided into the control diet and the taurine supplemented (2.0g/100g diet) diet group. All rats were fed on calcium-deficient diet and deionized water ad libitum for 6 weeks. Plasma and liver lipids were determined by using commercial kits. LDL-cholesterol concentrations were estimated with the equation of Friedewald et al. (1972). There were no significant differences in body weight gain and food intake between the control and taurine group within Sham and OVX groups, but body weight gain, food intake, and food efficiency ratio was higher in the OVX group. Concentrations of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in the taurine fed group of OVX rats fed Ca deficient diet, while HDL-cholesterol concentration was increased in the taurine fed group. Therefore, in this study, we examined whether taurine also prevented hypercholesterolemia induced by ovarian hormone deficiency in ovariectomized rats when they were fed a calcium-deficient diet. These results indicate that taurine may have some beneficial effects on hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in OVX rats fed calcium-deficient diet.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.553-557
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• 2008

The effects of cheonggukjang and doenjang on bone mineral density, trabecular area and cortical thickness of the tibia, and serum osteocalcin level in ovariectomized rats were investigated. After 4 weeks, bone mineral density, bone trabecular area, the cortical thickness index, and serum osteocalcin level were analyzed. The cheonggukjang and doenjang diet groups showed significant prevention of ovariectomized (OVX)-related body weight gain. Whole body bone mineral density of the OVX group was significantly lower than that of the sham group, whereas the cheonggulgang and doenjang diets resulted in complete restoration of bone mineral density. Trabecular area in the proximal diaphysis and cortical thickness in the distal diaphysis of the tibia were increased significantly in the cheonggukjang and doenjang diet fed groups. The cheonggukjang and doenjang diets significantly reduced serum osteocalcin level in the OVX rats. These results suggest that cheonggukjang and doenjang might have inhibitory effects on osteoporosis, by showing accelerated bone formation in OVX rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1114-1119
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (SS) on the collagen content of the connective tissues in ovariectomized rats. From day 2 until day 37 after the ovariectomy, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-operated rats (Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), ovariectomized rats supplemented with SS at 50 mg/kg BW/day (OVX-SS50), 100 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-SS100) and 200 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-SS200), and an ethyl ether fraction of SS at 10 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-EE) and an ethyl acetate fraction of SS at 10 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-EA). The SS ethanol extracts and SS fractions were orally administrated 1 mL per day. The OVX rats were significantly heavier than the sham-operated rats at all time points, but supplementation with the SS extracts tended to gain weight less than OVX-control. Supplementation with the SS extracts prevented a decrease in the collagen level in bone and cartilage tissues. These results are consistent with the conclusions based on the estrogenic activities of SS. Therefore, it may be used to possibly improve the quality of life in menopausal women.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.156-161
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• 2014

It has been reported that safflower seeds have preventive effects against osteoporosis. Recently, safflower buds (SB) were found to have more useful functional ingredients than safflower seeds. In the current study, we evaluated the anti-osteoporosis effects of SB diet in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The rats were divided into five groups; sham operated group, OVX alone group, OVX plus $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($E^2$ $10{\mu}g/kg$, i.p.) and OVX plus SB diet feeding group (0.3% or 1%). Feeding of SB diet (0.3% or 1%) to OVX rats markedly increased bone mineral density (BMD) of femurs, compared to the OVX group. The OVX rats exhibited a marked increase in trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) and this change was inhibited by the feeding of SB diet, similar to that seen with OVX+E2 group. Moreover, feeding of SB diet to OVX rats decreased the markers of bone turnover, including osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). These results suggest that SB extract has a bone sparing effect in OVX-induced trabecular bone loss and prevents deterioration of bone microarchitecture by suppressing the rate of bone turnover. Therefore, SB may be useful for preserving bone mass and structure in estrogen deficient women with a potential role in reducing postmenopausal osteoporosis.