• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.205-217
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• 2023

This study aimed to produce novel bioactive compounds from non-pathogenic pigmented wild yeasts. Culture supernatants and cell-free extracts of non-pathogenic pigmented yeast strains were prepared, and their physiological functionalities and enzyme activities were measured. Cell-free extracts from Rhodosporidium paludigenum HHGG35-1 and culture supernatants from Rhodosporidium diobovatum NMD18-1 demonstrated very high antioxidant activity (76.6%) and anti-gout xanthin oxidase inhibitory activity (86.2%), respectively. Maximal production of the antioxidants (76.9%) was obtained when Rh. Paludigenum HHGG35-1 was cultured in a yeasts extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) medium (pH 6.5) at 30℃ for 24 h. The xanthin oxidase inhibitor was also maximally produced (91.6%) when Rh. Diobovatum NMD18-1 was cultured at 30℃ for 96h in a YPD medium (pH 6.5). Rh. Paludigenum HHGG35-1 was oval in shape and formed ascospre. The Rh.diobovatum NMD18-1 specimen displayed dimensions of 1.6 × 1.6 ㎛ and produced ascospores; however, it did not form pseudomycelium. Both of Rh. Paludigenum HHGG35-1 and Rh. Diobovatum NMD18-1 grew well in a 40%-glucose-containing YPD medium and 10%-NaCl-containing YPD medium.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.141-153
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to find out how soft contact lens multi-purpose solution (MPS), often used for medical treatment, effects the inhibition on cell growth and research the result of using MPS, suspected to demage eye cells, on rabbit eye's corneal epithelium and endothelium tissue. In this treatise, $ReNu^{(R)}$ (Baush & Lomb, USA), Opti-free $express^{(R)}$ (Alcon, USA), Free-sol $plus^{(R)}$ (Hanamedicon, Korea) had been selected among the MPS. After culturing L929 roil line, cell growth inhibition rate was measured by MTT assay, and by making Hematoxylin and Eosin stain specimen. the morphology was observed by optical microscope. In the In vivo experiment,9 white rabbit eyes (18 eyes) were classified into 3 groups. The experimental group is left eyes (9 eyes) of rabbit, and MPS were dropped; however. the control group, the right eyes (9 eyes), were only used a saline solution without preservatives. After the dropping within the period, the cornea surface of rabbit eyes were stained by Rose bengal and observed. To figure out the changes of the corneal epithelium and endothelium tissue scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used. As the result, the rate of cell growth inhibition was 54%. 73% and 36%, respectively. Morphological changes represented that the shape has been changed into oval or round shape and those are not considered as a common formation of L929 cell line. When it comes to staining Rose bengal, each experiment group was stained red which is not shown in controls. The polygonal mosaic pattern of a corneal epithelium was disturbed in the picture taken by SEM; furthermore, the shape of the corneal endothelium was irregular. In conclusion, as we consider antimicrobial effect and the safety on living cells, it is necessary that we should improve concentration of preservatives and study continuously to develop a new preservatives without a toxic effect on the cornea surface.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2009

Purpose : To evaluate the characteristic MR imaging findings of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in the skull and to compare them with those of plain radiography and computed tomography. Materials and Methods : A total of 10 lesions in 9 patients (Age range; 5-42 years, Mean age; 18, all women) with Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the skull were included in our study. Nine lesions in nine patients were histologically confirmed by surgery or fine needle aspiration biopsy. All patients performed with MRI, and plain radiography and CT scan were done in 7 patients (8 lesions). Two experienced neuroradiologists reviewed the radiological examinations independently with attention to location, size, shape and nature of the lesions in the skull and compared the extent and extension of the lesions to adjacent structures. Results : The lesions were distributed in all of the skulls without predilection site. On MRI, the masses were shown as well-enhancing soft tissue masses (10/10) mainly in diploic spaces (8/10) with extension to scalp (9/10) and dura mater (7/10). Dural enhancement (7/10) and thickening (4/10) were seen. The largest diameter of the soft tissue masses ranged 1.1 cm to 6.8 cm, shaped as round (5/10) or oval (5/10). On CT scans, the lesions were presented as soft tissue masses involving diploic space (6/8) and scalp extension (7/8) were also well visualized. Although bony erosion or destruction was more clearly seen on CT rather than those of MRI, enhancement of soft tissue masses and dura were not well visualized on CT. In contrast, all of the lesions in LCH were seen as punched out (4/8), beveled-edge appearance (4/8) osteolytic masses in plain radiography, but scalp and dural extension could not be seen. Conclusion : Characteristic MR findings in patients with LCH are soft tissue mass in diploic space with extension to dura and scalp, and MRI would be better imaging modality than plain radiography or CT.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.125-135
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• 1988

Attempts of these studies were made to investigate the nonspecific congenital focal accumulation of ectodermal glial cells in the brain of normal piglets. The brain samples were taken from 1-,10-,20-,35-,45- and 70-day-old piglets from a SPF-pig farm and three model pig farms. Occurrences of neuroglial cell foci (NCF) on the brain were observed with light microscope. Appearance degrees of the congenital NCF on 10 to 16 cross section slides per a piglets brain were tentatively designed on a scale from degree+ to ⧻by NCF number: +, less than 20 of NCF number; ⧺, 21-40 of NCF number: ⧻, more than 41 of NCF number. The results obtained were as follows: 1. NCF in the brain were observed mainly on the cerebrum. Regions of higher frequencies on the cerebrum were ordered as subependymal layers of the lateral ventricles, peripheral regions of lateral ventricles in the white matter and some neuron layers under the molecular layer of the gray matter. But NCF were not observed in the cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata and spinal cords. 2. On the subependymal layers of the lateral ventricles, NCF were observed in 100% of 27 piglets, and appearance degree of ⧻ was observed in 10 piglets(37.0%), ⧺ in 10 piglets(37.0%) and + in 7 Piglets(26.0%) of 27 piglets, respectively. 3. On the white matter of the cerebrum, NCF were observed in 25 piglets(92.6%) of 27 piglets, and appearance degree of ⧻ was observed in 3 piglets(11.1%), ⧺ in 13 piglets(48.2%), + in 9 piglets(33.3%) and - in 2 piglets(7.4%) of 27 piglets, respectively. 4. On the gray matter of the cerebrum, NCF were observed in 21 piglets(77.8%) of 27 piglets, and appearance degree of ⧻ was not observed, appearance degree of ⧺ was observed in 6 piglets(22.2%), + in 15 Piglets(55.6%) and - in 6 piglets(22.2%) of 27 Piglets, respectively. 5. NCF tended to be converged appearance on some regions and tended to be decreased markedly from 35th day after birth, and the shapes of NCF were: global or oval forms crowded by analogous shaped and stained cells in the empty spaces of the brain substrate or on one side of the blood vessels.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 1981

An electron microscopical observation was carried out to compare the general shape of the mast cells and structures of granules inside the cells in the stomach of 5 species in 3 orders of Mammals. In convenience, the granules in the cytoplasm were abbreviated as follows: 1) Homogeneous granule, GR1 2) Particulate granule, GR2 a. Dark dense particulate granule, GR2-1 b. Less dense particulate granule, GR2-2 3) Reticular granule, GR5 a. Dark dense reticular granule, GR5-1 b. Light dense reticular granule, GR5-2 In Mammalia including goat, dog, cat, and hamster, most of cytoplasmic organelle were Golgi apparatus and mitochondria, and most of the cytoplasmic granules were highly densed GR1and GR2. However GR5-1 and GR5-2 appeared in guinea pig while one side sunken or crescent-like types occured in both dog and guinea pig. All mast cells were oval or spindle with cytoplasmic processes around the cell. There was also found vacuoles and vesicles in these cells. These results demonstrated that there was a morphological difference between species of vertebrate in the mast cells and their cytoplasmic granules. It was also suggested that a variety of structures of granules were closely related with the composition (histamine, heparin, serotonin, hyaluronic acid etc.) and mature of the granules.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.6 s.101
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• pp.451-455
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• 2006

An efficient pilot scale (10 ton) three-stage methane fermentation system to digest food waste has been developed in this laboratory. This system consisted of three stages: semianaerobic hydrolysis, anaerobic acidogenesis and strictly anaerobic methanogenesis. From the secondary acidogenesis reactor, a novel strain KA4 responsible for alcohol fermentation was isolated and characterized. The cell was oval and its dimension was $5.5-6.5{\times}3.5-4.5\;{\mu}m$. This strain was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae KA4 by 26S rDNA D1/D2 rDNA sequence. Optimal culture temperature was $30-35^{\circ}C$. Cells were tolerant to 5% (v/v) ethanol concentration, however, were inhibited significantly by higher ethanol concentration up to 7%. The strain could grow well up to 50% (w/v) initial glucose concentration in the YM liquid medium, however, optimal concentration for ethanol fermentation was 10%. It could produce ethanol in a broad initial pH range from 4 to 10, and optimal pH was 6. In this condition, the strain converted 10% glucose to 7.4% ethanol during 24 hr, and ethanol yield was estimated to be 2.87 moi EtOH/mol glucose.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-97
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• 1987

In order to discriminate the enteroendocrine cell types in the mucosal epithelium of the normal duodenum of the Korean hedgehog (Erinaceus koreanus). The tissues were fixed in the mixture of 1% paraformaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2), and postfixed in 2% osmium tetroxide (phosphate buffer, pH 7.2). They were embedded in Araldite, and the ultrathin sections were made by LKB-V ultratome following the inspection of semithin sections stained with toluidine blue-borax solutions. Ultrathin sections contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with JEM 100B electron microscope. At least six types of enteroendocrine cells distributed in the mucosal epithelium of the duodenum were identified according to their morphological characteristics mainly based on the size, shape, number and electron density of the secretory granules. Type I cells had moderately developed organelles. The secretory granules were pleomorphic ($370X510nm$), and the granule cores with high electron density were enveloped in limiting membrane and characterized by a narrow halo. Type II cells contained an indented nucleus and well-developed organelles. The secretory granules were round (350 nm) and classified in two kinds by electron density, moderate and high. Both granules were surrounded by limiting membrane and those with high electron density showed often a wide halo. Type III cells had an indented nucleus. The secretory granules with various electron density were round (220 nm) in shape. The granules with high electron density were enveloped in limiting membrane and characterized by a narrow halo, but those with low or moderate electron density had not been observed the limiting membrane. Type IV cells contained an indented nucleus and moderately developed organelles. The secretory granules were round (180 nm) in shape, and the granule cores with high electron density were enveloped in limiting membrane and showed often a wide halo. Type V cells had a large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Secretory granules with low or moderate electron density were round (230 nm) in shape, and surrounded by limiting membrane and showed a narrow halo. Type VI cells contained an oval nucleus and well-developed organelles, especially Golgi complex. The secretory granules with high electron density were round (210 nm) in shape. The granules were enveloped in limiting membrane and showed often a wide halo.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.595-599
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• 2009

Sarcocystis grueneri-like sarcocysts were found from the cardiac muscles of a rearing red deer (Cervus elaphus) carcass in Korea. In the light microscopical examination of sarcocysts, they were oval to spherical cysts and 90-170$\times$110-380 ${\mu}m$ in size. However, there was no inflammation and myofiber degeneration. In the transmission electron microscope, these cysts were located within the sarcoplasm of the host cell and filled with merozoites. The sarcocysts were enclosed by a very thin wall (0.45-0.6 ${\mu}m$ thick) that consists of protrusions and ground substance. The primary cyst wall formed numerous strip-like protrusions which were 0.2-0.3 ${\mu}m$ wide and up to 4.2 ${\mu}m$ long. The protrusions were running in parallel with the surface of the cyst. A characteristic of the cyst wall was absent of fibrils inside the protrusions. Merozoites in the compartment measured about $15\times4\;{\mu}m$. The merozoite consisted of four regions: micronemes and rhoptries, amylopectin granule, nucleus, and amylopectin granules. The number of rhoptry was counted in 7-13.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the effects of superovulation on the growing and mature follicles following gonadotrophin treatments in mature rat by immunohistochemical methods. Eighteen mature rats (Sprague-Duwely, 190~230gm) were randomly alloted into 3 groups. One group was control group, another FSH-treated group was injected intramuscularly with 0.5 units of follicular stimulating hormone(FSH) / rat, and third PMS and HCG-treated group was injected intramuscularly with 20~25IU of pregnant mare serum(PMS) / rat and then at the 48 hrs later, with 20~25IU of human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) / rat. Half the number of rats were administrated intraperitoneally with bromodeoxyuridine(Brdur, 0.2mg/gm BW once) at 2 hours before exanguination and the remainder of rats were sacrified without Brdur administration. The investigation by immunohistochemical methods using paraffin sections of ovaries was performed by using anti-Brdur antibody and PCNA(proliferating cell nuclear antigen) antibody for labeling proliferating cells in follicles. In immunohistochemical findings, follicles squeezed by peripheral corpus luteum or follicles large follicles with loosly and irregularly distributed granulosa cells and although with compacted granulosa cells, middle follicles with dilated round or oval follicular antrum were confirmed as atretic follicles. The proportions of atretic follicles in control group were 29.8%, 21.7% and 14.2% respectivley at large, middle and small follicles and mean proportions of these all 3 grade follicles were 26.7%. The proportions of atretic follicles in FSH-treated group were 35.4%, 24.9% and 10.4% respectively at large, middle and small follicles and mean proportions of these all 3 grade follicles were 28.1%. The proportions of atretic follicles in PMS and HCG-treated group were 44.7%, 24.0% and 12.7% respectively at large, middle and small follicles, and mean proportions of these all 3 grade follicles were 29.7%. The above findings reveal that the group with higher proportion of atretic follicles were ordered as large, middle and small follicles in size, and these proportions were increased in hormone treated two groups with more number of more growing and mature follicles when compared with control group.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.618-623
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• 1995

Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis that most often involves the lungs and central nervous system and, less frequently, the skin, skeletal system, and prostate gland. Cryptococcus neoformans, the causative organism, is a yeastlike round or oval fungus, 4 to $6{\mu}m$ in diameter, which is surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule and reproduces by budding and found in soil and other environmental areas, especially those contaminated by pigeon droppings. Humans and animals acquire infection after inhalation of aerosolized spores. Condition or factors that predispose to cryptococcosis include corticosteroid therapy, lymphoreticular malignancies, HIV infection, and sarcoidosis etc. We discribed a case of cryptococcosis involving lung and CNS coincidently without specific underlying disease and the literature on subject were reviewed. A fifty-six year-old previously healthy female presented with headache of 3 months of duration. She had no history suggesting immunologic suppression and we could not find any abnormal laboratory findings including blood sugar, serum immunoglobulin and complement level, HIV antibody, and T cell subsets. Chest roentgenogram and CT scan showed a solitary soft tissue mass in LUL with distal pneumonitis. Brain MRI showed granulomatous lesion in cerebellum and parasagittal cortex of right frontal lobe. The diagnosis was made by bronchoscopic brushing cytology, transthoracic fine needle aspiration, and sputum KOH mount and culture. She was treated 6 weeks course of Amphotericin B and switched to oral fluconazole therapy for 3 months. Her symptoms and X-ray findings were improved gradually and she is now under regular clinical follow up.