• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.225-235
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to analyze the spatial composition by block plan of the free elderly facility and to provide basic information for building up the detail architectural guidelines. The results of the study were as follows: Elderly welfare law needed to control the poor physical environments of the free elderly facility such as the residential space for more than 4 individuals. The facility of single building type should strengthen the informal support networks through the dispersion of public spaces or should encourage moving of the residents through the outdoor space, especially in rural area. On the other hand, the linking type needed to focus on the administrative spaces on the first floor for the managerial convenience, and to group and disperse the public/recreational spaces to decrease the unnecessary moving of the residents and staffs. The passageway linking building to building should directly connect each administrative space or public space so that elderly used them without any inconvenience. In the dispersion type, which is suited to rural area, the lounge, dining hall, and the place for the staff on duty should be located in the same as the residence building for the convenience and the safety of the elderly residents.

• 교육시설
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2003

This paper is a series of study for the development of rural elementary school facilities model applying to the regional characteristics. Therefore, main theme of this paper is to pile up and analysis of elementary school facilities data in Po Cheon through a series of actual survey and interview with teachers. The results are summarized as follows ; First of all, in case of Po Cheon, it needs to study for urban model type as well as rural elementary school facilities model type. Second, extension type of buildings has separated as three types-zigzag extension type, vertical & horizontal extension type, separate building type. But another characteristics, such as type of site plan, type of corridor and module of classroom unit, outdoor space and elevation design, are monotonous. Third. the results of this analysis show that it is desirable to locate houses for teachers within boundaries. Finally, the future paper needs to be studying more various module of classroom unit, extension type, space program, type of floor plan and site plan.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2008

The daylighting affects on the human biological cycles and physiological alterations. Daylighting is also an important element in visual comfort and it sometimes influences the quality of vision. Therefore the absence of natural light during the day brings contradictory result. To solve the problems of natural light lack and provide sufficient daylight in interior spaces, it might be necessary to apply some daylighting systems. One of these systems, light pipe system, which is simple, cheep and easily constructed, is very useful to apply for small buildings. The light pipe is simple means of directing daylighting (diffuse and direct lighting)into interior space. In order to application of light pipe system in Korea, it is necessary to optical data of light pipe system. This study aims to evaluate preliminary experiment of the daylighting environment of light pipe system. Light pipe system, that aspect ratio is 1:2(diameter and length), was installed in a windowless mock-up with $27m^2$. The mock-up model was constructed as a prototype of Korean office surface. Illuminance was measured with a Topcon IM-5 Luxmeter to evaluate the distribution of the illuminance on a floor. The indoor and outdoor illuminance and the internal/external illuminance ratio are compared to discuss with in the graphs. Luminance was measured with Radiant imaging Promertric 1400 that is digital photometer to evaluate the distribution of luminance on interior surface. The contrast of luminance is discussed with table and graphs.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2016

Most hot water heating valves for apartments are constant-flow types, which limit the flow rate through an individual household for even distribution of heating water to other households. The constant-flow type is implemented by an on-off control. As a result, heating water is supplied intermittently and hence, indoor air temperature also fluctuates. Returning water temperature is also high, which reduces energy efficiency. To implement continuous feedback control, the indoor temperature dynamics was simulated to fit a measured temperature history by a state-of-the-art physical model. From the model, it was found that the most important disturbance is outdoor temperature and its effect on indoor temperature lasts about an hour. To cope with the slow response and the significant disturbance, a prediction control with proportional feedback is proposed. The control was found to be successful in implementing continuous heating water flow and improved indoor temperature control.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2003

Most of people spends their times in indoor about 85% of a day. Thus, indoor is more serious than outdoor concerned with the health. We discussed comfortableness in a railroad electric rolling stock, and focused on temperature and humidity. Electric rolling stock is one of major public transportation system because of an increasing in population and heavy traffic problems. The passengers are under the influence of indoor air quality such as air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity. Ventilation system in electric rolling stock should be designed for the health and comfort. One of the main aims is to create an acceptable thermal environment without draught problem. The draught sensation increases when the air temperature decreases and the air velocity increases. Airflow in electric rolling stork is turbulent. Temperature and humidity gradients in electric rolling stock have been studied. And, the difference between mean temperature and rotative humidity measured at 0.7, 0.9, 1.2, 1.7m above the floor. It has been found that temperature and relative humidity with large fluctuations caused more draught complaints.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2016

Purpose: Urban heat island and Heat wave raise urban temperature and create damage of human life. Growing up as quantitative supply to solve shortage of housing, Urban residential area in Korea have a low rate of nature surface and heavily population makes temperature rise. Most houses in the declined residential area are multi-family rental housing and have many factors congesting housing environment such as narrow in-between space, outdoor staircases, walls and semi-basement floor, which make thermal environment getting worse. Most of the residents in this area are small tenants vulnerable to climate change adaptation, This damage is expected to be even greater. This study focus on multiple dwelling in urban residential area prone to temperature rise and draw temperature adaption method that can apply to multiple dwelling.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.46-56
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• 2012

Though Korea and China have a lot of things in common, these two countries have developed different housing style. However, after modernization, apartments have become major housing style in both Korea and China. So this research analyzed 240 apartment plans which was build in Seoul and Beijing in 2000s and 2010s to predict the future trends for apartments. The results are as follows: The opening direction of the front door will be outwards as the hallway space of small apartments in China become wider as the living standards is increasing. Because of the floor sitting lifestyle, Koreans end outdoor activities when take off their shoes at the entrance hall and continue for indoor activities, they separate entrance hall from livingroom. However, because Chinese have chair sitting lifestyle, entrance hall and livingroom is not divided. Korean apartment shows a trend which connects livingroom, diningroom and kitchen altogether; however, Chinese apartment shows a trend which separates kitchen from livingroom and diningroom. Bedrooms are showing a trend of distributed layout. Master bedroom are showing a trend which includes separate bathroom or attached room as the size of apartment increases and so on.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2011

본 연구는 치과의료기관을 대상으로 장애인 편의시설의 설치 실태를 파악하여 향후 장애인의 치과의료기관 이용 편의성 개선을 위한 기초자료로 삼고자 2011년 3월부터 4월까지 충청북도 청주시에 개설신고 된 치과의료기관을 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 장애인 편의시설 기준항목을 선정하여 항목별 시설물의 설치 실태를 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 조사대상 의료기관은 치과의원이 대부분을 차지하였고 의료기관 개설 시기는 1990년 이전부터 2011년까지 전체적으로 폭넓게 분포하고 있었으며 건물 내 치과진료실의 위치는 대부분 2-3층에 위치하는 것으로 조사되었다. 치과의원의 장애인 편의시설은 주출입구 접근로 및 승강기의 설치율이 가장 높았고 장애인 주차구역과 장애인용 화장실의 경우 편의시설 중 설치율은 매우 낮게 나타났으나 병원 및 보건소는 조사대상 편의시설이 모두 설치되어 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 2006년 이후에 개설된 의료기관이 1990년 이전에 개설한 의료기관과 비교하여 편의시설 항목 전체에서 높은 설치율을 보였고, 1-2층에 위치한 경우보다 3층 이상에 위치한 치과의원의 설치율이 모두 높게 나타났다. 장애인 편의시설 설치율은 병원 및 보건소가 높았고 치과의원의 경우 대체로 낮게 조사되어 향후 편의시설의 의무사항을 일차 의료기관까지 확대하는 법적 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 장애인들의 치과의료기관 접근 편의성 확보를 위한 기초자료로 활용하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.72-89
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• 2000

Background : Various types of protective footwear have been used to minimize bacterial contamination in operating rooms. In recent years, debate has arisen concerning the need for use of such protective footwear. This study was designed to provide useful data about choosing shoes most suitable for the surgical environment. Methods : Between November, 1999 and January, 2000, we performed this experimental study by comparing effect of three types of shoes (i.e., disposable shoescover, operating room-restricted shoes, and ordinary shoes) on bacterial contamination of operating rooms equipped with two different ventilation systems (i.e., high air-change, low air-change) respectively. Data were collected during two- hour sham operations in which subjects and their activities were strictly standardized. Bacterial flora were sampled from the study area floor and air colony counts were measured. Results : In experiments involving high air-change ventilation system, there was a significant difference of floor contamination between three types of shoes, but no difference of air contamination. Under low air-change system, there was a significant difference of both floor and air contamination between three types of shoes. Conclusion : The results show that protective footwear would be unnecessary in the operating room with high air-change ventilation system, but it is important to choose suitable shoes carefully under low air-change system. Therefore, the use of outdoor shoes can be considered under high air-change system, but it would seem sensible to apply their first use in less bloody operations at the day surgery center or out-patient department to prevent transfer of body fluid into the outside environment.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.252-257
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• 2015

노지 포도재배는 강우에 직접 노출되어 열과와 병 발생이 많아진다. 그래서 도입된 것이 간이 비가림 재배이지만, 이것 역시 열과와 병 발생을 예방하는 데는 한계가 있다. 따라서 간이비가림 시설의 문제점을 보완하기 위해서 완전하게 강우를 차단하면서 자연적인 환기가 가능한 비가림 시설을 개발하여 적설하중과 풍하중을 내재 해 규격에 맞추었다. 개선된 비가림 시설의 특성을 검증하기 위해서 $100m^2$ 규모의 시설을 설치한 다음 관행 비가림 시설과 시설 내외부 온도 분포와 그에 따른 포도캠벨얼리의 품질, 갈반병 발생 및 열과율 등을 조사하여 비교하였다. 관행 비가림 시설과 개선된 비가림 시설의 온도 조사결과 외기온이 $34^{\circ}C$ 이상일 경우 시설 내부온도가 관행 최대 $40.7^{\circ}C$, 개선 시설은 $37.4^{\circ}C$로 측정되어 개선 시설이 3정도 낮았고, $32^{\circ}C$ 이하에서는 관행과 개선 시설 간에 온도 차이가 없었다. 과실 품질은 개선된 비가림 시설이 관행 비가림 시설보다 당도와 상품과율이 높았다. 개선된 비가림 시설이 관행에 비해 열과율과 갈반병 발병율이 현저히 낮았다.