• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.131-146
• /
• 2016

In research on behavioral studies, significant attention has been paid to the stage-sequential process for longitudinal data. Latent class profile analysis (LCPA) is an useful method to study sequential patterns of the behavioral development by the two-step identification process: identifying a small number of latent classes at each measurement occasion and two or more homogeneous subgroups in which individuals exhibit a similar sequence of latent class membership over time. Maximum likelihood (ML) estimates for LCPA are easily obtained by expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, and Bayesian inference can be implemented via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). However, unusual properties in the likelihood of LCPA can cause difficulties in ML and Bayesian inference as well as estimation in small samples. This article describes and addresses erratic problems that involve conventional ML and Bayesian estimates for LCPA with small samples. We argue that these problems can be alleviated with a small amount of prior input. This study evaluates the performance of likelihood and MCMC-based estimates with the proposed prior in drawing inference over repeated sampling. Our simulation shows that estimates from the proposed methods perform better than those from the conventional ML and Bayesian method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.104-111
• /
• 2018

This study aims to compare and analyze a willow tree (Salix Koreensis andersson) extract's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by investigating its: total polyphenol, flavonoid content, SOD-like activity, DPPH vitality. the willow tree was induced with LPS to determine its active anti-inflammatory effects. as a result, the willow methanol extract showed a higher total polyphenol and flavonoid content than those of willow distilled water extract, but the willow distilled water extract showed a higher SOD than that of willow methanol extract. in its DPPH scavenging ability, the willow methanol extract's antioxidant activity was higher than that of the willow distilled water extract. the willow extract's measurements such as the production of NO, inflammatory cytokine ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 measurement) were significantly reduced as its concentration level went down. according to the research outcomes, when induced, he will extract's macrophage produces mediator-like substances such as NO and inflammatory cytokine that can be used to alleviate the inflammatory response. therefore, the willow tree proved to be a useful raw plant material for the products designed to combat inflammatory activities due to its natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response substances such as NO and cytokine.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.541-564
• /
• 2011

This study aimed to investigate health outcome of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients such as mortality and length of stay in hospital and to identify factors associated with the health outcome according to the comorbidity index. Nation-wide representative samples of 3,748 adult inpatients aged between 20-85 years with acute myocardial infarction were derived from the Korea National Hospital Discharge Injury Survey, 2005-2008. Comorbidity index was measured using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, multiple regression, logistic regression analysis in order to investigate the effect of comorbidity on health outcome. According to the study results, the factors associated with length of hospital stay of acute myocardial infarction patients were gender, insurance type, residential area scale, admission route, PCI perform, CABG perform, and CCI. The factors associated with mortality of acute myocardial infarction patients were age, admission route, PCI perform, and CCI. CCI with a higher length of hospital stay and mortality also increased significantly. This study demonstrated comorbidity risk adjustment for health outcome and presented important data for health care policy. In the future study, more detailed and adequate comorbidity measurement tool should be developed, so patients' severity can be adjusted accurately.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2014

Heat island is caused by changes of land coverage structure of cities and use of energy in buildings. As a result energy use in buildings get to increase further followed by rising of GHG emission and deteriorating climate change. Eco-friendly housing complex is a kind of plan that applies environmental control elements like water and green spaces to housing complex. With these methods, it can be expected to create thermal environment of indoor and outdoor. In this paper quantitative examination is studied on using CFD to find out the effects of river, water permeable, parks and planting on thermal environment. And by comparing field measurements with CFD results which are aimed to development phase housing complex, feasibility and usability of the CFD analysis results are confirmed. And also, analysis on the ventilation performance followed by natural ventilation system is analyzed by selecting one building in housing complex. Based on the results, the possibilities of energy reduction through making thermal environment and applying natural ventilation are studied. With these outcomes, creating thermal conditions and using natural ventilation would be contributed to GHG reduction.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2015

In general, no particularly well-established standards have been in place so far, for the method of evaluating the deteriorated level of pipes and ducts of industrial facilities. For that reason, the evaluation depends upon various studies which are based on the analysis of the residual life, thickness thinning, closure rate, and scale thickness that measure a few specific positions of pipes. It also depends upon the expertise in business operation and the specific techniques conducted by the inspection companies and institutions. This research introduces the concept of measuring units per section and the selection method of measurement points per section. Furthermore, specific methodologies were developed to plan and analyze deterioration level of industrial pipes and ducts by engineers and managers using a section map. Consequently, applying the outcomes from this study to the plant equipment of the incineration facility resulted in saving 42% of the repairing and remodeling cost.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.127-137
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to attempt an accurate understanding of the quality of life for the children and provide basic materials for application to nursing research, intervention and further theoretical development. Method: Data obtained from such research methods as the lexical and literature review were analysed according to Walker and Avant's(1995) process of concept analysis. Results: As a result of analysis, it was found that the attributes of the concept of the quality of life for the children included value/acceptance, family relationship, safety, good relationship with friends, right of children, school life, parent relationship, leisure, economical stability, not child abuse, and health. There was the coexistence between antecedent element and the outcomes of subjective judgement - health, family, economic strength, education, friends, welfare, social-cultural environment which indicates the coexistence of positive and negative emotions. Conclusion: nursing intervention should be provided for children by concentrating focus on the coordination of internal and external situations in order to prompt them to express their life with positive emotions. Experiential reference was used to suit the purpose of this study based on the use of objective and subjective indicators, and the development of the instrument considering the children were proposed because of the absence of the unified measurement instrument.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.18-30
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the research methods, types and effects of community health center exercise programs for the elderly. Methods: We established the PICOTS-SD (Participants, Interventions, Comparisons, Outcomes, Timing of outcome measurement, Setting, Study Design), reviewed 583 studies from electronic database of DBpia, KoreaMed, KISS, RISS, NDSL and Pubmed, and finally selected 20 studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed with the Risk-of-Bias Assessment tool for non-randomized studies. Results: With regard to research methods, the majority of studies on community health center exercise programs for the elderly were performed after 2010 and using non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest research design. As for the types and effects of exercise programs, the exercise period ranged from 6 to 28 weeks, and the most common exercise frequency was three times a week for 60 minutes. In addition, mixed-type and group exercise programs were performed most commonly. Conclusion: The results of this study provide a basis for the development of exercise programs to improve elders' health.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2013.10a
• /
• pp.442-444
• /
• 2013

In this paper, we may by gestures and voice, to know the effect of imitation on the life. Measuring how much about what is imitation unconsciously during conversation to collect data for measuring mimic such speak a short (1 sec) words. It can be used as a basis to predict the outcome of the interview further. Even used as a basis to predict future outcomes. We expect that our group and other researchers will continue to pursue this analysis with larger datasets and across different demographics.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2009

Purpose : to investigate change of isokinetic muscle strength and isokinetic muscle endurance of quadriceps femoris and hamstring after application of taping and static stretching. Methods : For this study, 14 male members of college soccer team participated in this research. Participants were divided into two groups: seven was assigned to a taping group(n=7) and the others were assigned to a static stretching exercise group(n=7). Main outcome was measured by using biodex. The isokinetic muscle strength test was processed at the speed of the $60^{\circ}$/sec five times, and isokinetic muscle endurance was processed at the speed of $180^{\circ}$/sec ten times. Results : From the outcomes of the measurement, the results show that there is a more significant difference in the taping group than in a static stretching exercise group. Conclusion : These results will be utilized for the preliminaries in the future.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.15-34
• /
• 2004

This study is an attempt to develop the 'Parental Intelligence Scale', which can be applied in the parent education and counselling and provide more useful information for more appropriate interventions by evaluating the characteristics of parent's roles and strong/weak points of the parent's roles under the special situation and environments. In developing the scales, this study reviews of numbers of existing literatures, analysis of scales and tools on parent's role or attitude, collection of episodes on parent's role, validity check processes by field experts, and 2 rounds of factor analysis. The outcomes of the study are as follows; In regard of the development of Parental Intelligence Scale, 3 factors of care-giving role, management role, nurturing role were derived from the conceptual and measurement model. From these 3 factors, 8 sub-factors of empathy, encourage, enhancement, rational authoritativeness, flexibility, rejection, acceptance, control were constructed. 39 question items were derived in order to measure these sub-factors. Especially through the two rounds of factor analysis, the question items with enhanced internal consistency were derived and total cumulative variance was increased, which made theoretical model into the generalized model possible.