• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.694-700
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• 2010

Purpose: To assess the validity of individual and combined prognostic effects of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), brain injury, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis(PNAC). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 80 extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Severance Children's Hospital, and who survived to a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks. We analyzed the relationship between 4 neonatal morbidities (severe BPD, severe brain injury, severe ROP, and severe PNAC) and poor outcome. Poor outcome indicated death after a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks or survival with neurosensory impairment (cerebral palsy, delayed development, hearing loss, or blindness) between 18 and 24 months of corrected age. Results: Each neonatal morbidity correlated with poor outcome on univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratios (OR) were 4.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-22.6; $P$=0.044) for severe BPD, 13.2 (3.0-57.3; $P$<.001) for severe brain injury, 5.3 (1.6-18.1; $P$=0.007) for severe ROP, and 3.4 (0.5-22.7; $P$=0.215) for severe PNAC. Severe BPD, brain injury, and ROP were significantly correlated with poor outcome, but not severe PNAC. By increasing the morbidity count, the rate of poor outcome was significantly increased (OR 5.2; 95% CI, 2.2-11.9; $P$<.001). In infants free of the above-mentioned morbidities, the rate of poor outcome was 9%, while the corresponding rates in infants with 1, 2, and more than 3 neonatal morbidities were 46%, 69%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: In ELBW infants 3 common neonatal mornidifies, severe BPD, brain injury and ROP, strongly predicts the risk of poor outcome.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2017

최근 소화약제 취급 관련 중독사고가 다발하고 있다. 산업이 발전하고 건물이 고층화됨에 따라 다양한 소화약제가 개발되고 있으며, 이에 따라 소화약제의 안전한 사용의 문제가 중요하게 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소화약제(HCFC-123, HFC-125)에 대한 화학물질 위험성평가를 안전보건공단에서 개발한 CHARM기법을 통해 실시해보았고, 의미 있는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 동 연구 자료가 향후 화학물질 안전관리 체계수립에 도움이 될 수 있기를 바란다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제88권4호
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• pp.311-322
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• 2023

Riverine flood is one of the critical natural threats to river-crossing bridges. As floods are the most-occurred natural hazard worldwide, survival probability of bridges due to floods must be assessed in a speedy but precise manner. In this regard, the paper presents a reliability-based approach for a rapid assessment of failure probability of vulnerable bridge components under floods. This robust method is generic in nature and can be applied to both concrete and steel girder bridges. The developed methodology essentially utilizes limit state performance functions, expressed in terms of capacity and flood demand, for probable failure modes of various vulnerable components of bridges. Advanced First Order Reliability Method (AFORM), Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), and Latin Hypercube Simulation (LHS) techniques are applied for the purpose of reliability assessment and developing flood fragility curves of bridges in which flow velocity and water height are taken as flood intensity measures. Upon validating the proposed method, it is applied to a case study bridge that experiences the flood scenario of a river in Gujarat, India. Research outcome portrays how effectively and efficiently the proposed reliability-based method can be applied for a quick assessment of flood vulnerability of bridges in any flood-prone region of interest.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 컴퓨터 정보공학 분야의 프로그램 학습성과를 교과기반으로 평가하기 위한 방법을 개발한 경험과 교훈을 소개한다. 최근 한국공학교육인증원(ABEEK)은 정부로부터 몇 가지 조건의 충족을 전제로 공학교육 분야의 프로그램 인정기관으로 지정된 바 있다. 그 조건들 중 하나는 프로그램 학습성과의 교과기반 평가를 실행하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 컴퓨터 정보공학 분야의 프로그램 학습성과를 교과기반으로 평가하기 위한 방안을 제안한다. 이를 위한 사례연구는 기초 프로젝트 교과목에서 실시되었고, 프로젝트 교과목에서의 특별한 평가 기법들이 포함되었다. 기초 프로젝트에서의 교과기반 평가 사례연구는 해당 교과목과 밀접히 연관된 학습성과의 설정, 지필고사 및 프로젝트기반 평가와 같은 평가도구의 선택, 평가기준의 설정, 교과기반 평가의 실행 및 평가결과에 대한 분석과 같은 각 단계를 고려하여 제안된다. 제안된 방법은 컴퓨터 정보공학 분야의 교과기반 평가 전략을 세우기 위한 좋은 본보기가 될 것으로 기대한다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.57-81
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• 2015

Water inrush and mud outburst always restricts the tunnel constructions in mountain area, which becomes a major geological barrier against the development of underground engineering. In view of the complex disaster-causing mechanism and difficult quantitative predictions of water inrush and mud outburst, several theoretical methods are adopted to realize dynamic assessment of water inrush in the progressive process of tunnel construction. Concerning both the geological condition and construction situation, eleven risk factors are quantitatively described and an assessment system is developed to evaluate the water inrush risk. In the static assessment, the weights of eight risk factors about the geological condition are determined using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Each factor is scored by experts and the synthesis scores are weighted. The risk level is ultimately determined based on the scoring outcome which is derived from the sum of products of weights and comprehensive scores. In the secondary assessment, the eight risk factors in static assessment and three factors about construction situation are quantitatively analyzed using fuzzy evaluation method. Subordinate levels and weight of factors are prepared and then used to calculate the comprehensive subordinate degree and risk level. In the dynamic assessment, the classical field of the eleven risk factors is normalized by using the extension evaluation method. From the input of the matter-element, weights of risk factors are determined and correlation analysis is carried out to determine the risk level. This system has been applied to the dynamic assessment of water inrush during construction of the Yuanliangshan tunnel of Yuhuai Railway. The assessment results are consistent with the actual excavation, which verifies the rationality and feasibility of the software. The developed system is believed capable to be back-up and applied for risk assessment of water inrush in the underground engineering construction.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제30권
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• pp.12.1-12.7
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• 2015

Objectives In South Korea, health insurance data are used as material for the health insurance of national whole subject. In general, health insurance data could be useful for estimating prevalence or incidence rate that is representative of the actual value in a population. The purpose of this study was to apply the concept of episode of care (EoC) in the utilization of health insurance data in the field of environmental epidemiology and to propose an improved methodology through an uncertainty assessment of disease course and outcome. Methods In this study, we introduced the concept of EoC as a methodology to utilize health insurance data in the field of environmental epidemiology. The characterization analysis of the course and outcome of applying the EoC concept to health insurance data was performed through an uncertainty assessment. Results The EoC concept in this study was applied to heat stroke (International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, code T67). In the comparison of results between before and after applying the EoC concept, we observed a reduction in the deviation of daily claims after applying the EoC concept. After that, we categorized context, model, and input uncertainty and characterized these uncertainties in three dimensions by using uncertainty typology. Conclusions This study is the first to show the process of constructing episode data for environmental epidemiological studies by using health insurance data. Our results will help in obtaining representative results for the processing of health insurance data in environmental epidemiological research. Furthermore, these results could be used in the processing of health insurance data in the future.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.109-134
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to help develop a guideline for the common cold. We searched recent clinical studies of the common cold in Western medicine and reviewed their objectives, inclusion and exclusion criteria, primary outcome, secondary outcome, and assessment tools to establish evidenced-based guideline.Methods: We searched electronic databases (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE) to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the common cold for the last 10 years. We included 29 RCTs and showed their research summary via their objectives, participants, interventions, control, treatment duration, and results. We also analyzed the definition of the common cold presented in the article, inclusion and exclusion criteria, primary and secondary outcomes, and assessment tools.Results: We reported the aforementioned areas in detail. At first, the definition of the common cold was confused across the articles. Second, herbal medication clinical trials for the common cold have been extensively studied recently. Third, the eligibility criteria frequently included the Jackson Symptom score. Fourth, validated assessment tools (i.e., the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21) have only been used in a few recent studies.Conclusions: Our research will be helpful to establish Korean herbal medicine clinical trial guidelines for the common cold.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate how advanced practice nurses (APNs) recognized their work by analyzing nursing outcomes. The ultimate goal was to examine the utility of APNs by connecting their work to the outcomes. Methods: Cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect the data from 59 APNs in a tertiary hospital lovated in Seoul, Korea. The questionnaire with 84 outcome indicators for advanced practice nurses was used. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Among 84 outcome indicators, 11 indicators were associated with the work of APNs. Majority of these findings were included in the categories of clinical results and satisfaction. Items identified to be associated with the work of APNs were different among oncology nursing area, surgical speciality area, emergency care area, and critical care area. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that the works of APNs were relevant to education/counseling/training and interpersonal relationship with other health professionals. The results of the study could be helpful to delineate the work characteristics of APNs and increase the utility of APNs in Korea where roles of APNs are not yet clearly delineated in most clinical settings.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2007

Biotechnology is often described as the 'exploitation of biological processes for industrial purposes'. The last twenty years have seen phenomenal growth in this industry. The 21 century promises to see further advances in the field. However, since the cost of research is high, and the potential returns are linked to exclusivity, intellectual property protection is critical to this burgeoning industry. Without protection such investments in R&D would not be made and, the benefit that BT-related development are expected to bring, would not occur. BT industry are eager for high technology, and the technology must be transferred to a corporation from a research organization. In order to be successful, it is important that scientist must be directed toward R&D outcome beyond performance assessment. The process to gain a outcome involves multiple steps to turn the idea into the profit, and intellectual property issues are considered into the critical factors to affect the quality of R&D. The management of Intellectual property is very important in R&D. However, According to the survey conducted by KIIP (Korea Institute of Intellectual Property) and KOSEF (Korea Science and Engineering Foundation) in 2006, it is estimated the ability to treat Intellectual property is not sufficient because 82.5% of the respondents have not received an education. Governmental Support is needed to prompt systematically the ability of intellectual property management through education and consulting.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2016

In this paper, we surveyed from students and professors of Hanbat National University to examine the current state of running the introductory engineering design and to derive the direction of future improvements of the subject. A total of 783 students from nine departments and 12 professors who are in charge of the introductory engineering design participated in the present questionnaire evaluation. Outcome categories of the interest in their major and the learning of design theory appears relatively lower than other learning outcomes of the introductory engineering design course. Accordingly, it is determined that the theoretical aspects of designing should be emphasized in performing a team project. The design process, writing and presentation ability, teamwork theory are dealt in more than 70% of the departments, but engineering ethics, patent, visualization education had not been addressed in a number of departments due to their department characteristics. While a lesson outcome of the creativity resulted in the largest for the students, most of the professor feel difficult in increasing the creativity. It is urgent to develope of teaching methods in order to promote the creativity in the introductory engineering design course.