• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.694-700
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• 2010

Purpose: To assess the validity of individual and combined prognostic effects of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), brain injury, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis(PNAC). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 80 extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Severance Children's Hospital, and who survived to a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks. We analyzed the relationship between 4 neonatal morbidities (severe BPD, severe brain injury, severe ROP, and severe PNAC) and poor outcome. Poor outcome indicated death after a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks or survival with neurosensory impairment (cerebral palsy, delayed development, hearing loss, or blindness) between 18 and 24 months of corrected age. Results: Each neonatal morbidity correlated with poor outcome on univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratios (OR) were 4.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-22.6; $P$=0.044) for severe BPD, 13.2 (3.0-57.3; $P$<.001) for severe brain injury, 5.3 (1.6-18.1; $P$=0.007) for severe ROP, and 3.4 (0.5-22.7; $P$=0.215) for severe PNAC. Severe BPD, brain injury, and ROP were significantly correlated with poor outcome, but not severe PNAC. By increasing the morbidity count, the rate of poor outcome was significantly increased (OR 5.2; 95% CI, 2.2-11.9; $P$<.001). In infants free of the above-mentioned morbidities, the rate of poor outcome was 9%, while the corresponding rates in infants with 1, 2, and more than 3 neonatal morbidities were 46%, 69%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: In ELBW infants 3 common neonatal mornidifies, severe BPD, brain injury and ROP, strongly predicts the risk of poor outcome.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 2017

Recently chemical intoxication related with the use of chemical extinguishing agents occurs frequently. With the industrialization, high-rising of building and increase of fire risk, we use the various extinguishing agents and the safe use become important. In this study I carried out the risk assessment of representative chemical extinguishing agents (HCFC-123, HFC-125) using the CHARM and got the meaningful qualitative outcome. This study is significant in that the risk assessment of chemicals was conducted using CHARM, chemical risk assessment tool. It is expected that the results will be utilized as the basic data for the national chemical safety management.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.88 no.4
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• pp.311-322
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• 2023

Riverine flood is one of the critical natural threats to river-crossing bridges. As floods are the most-occurred natural hazard worldwide, survival probability of bridges due to floods must be assessed in a speedy but precise manner. In this regard, the paper presents a reliability-based approach for a rapid assessment of failure probability of vulnerable bridge components under floods. This robust method is generic in nature and can be applied to both concrete and steel girder bridges. The developed methodology essentially utilizes limit state performance functions, expressed in terms of capacity and flood demand, for probable failure modes of various vulnerable components of bridges. Advanced First Order Reliability Method (AFORM), Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), and Latin Hypercube Simulation (LHS) techniques are applied for the purpose of reliability assessment and developing flood fragility curves of bridges in which flow velocity and water height are taken as flood intensity measures. Upon validating the proposed method, it is applied to a case study bridge that experiences the flood scenario of a river in Gujarat, India. Research outcome portrays how effectively and efficiently the proposed reliability-based method can be applied for a quick assessment of flood vulnerability of bridges in any flood-prone region of interest.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2016

This paper deals with the practical experience and lessons to develop a method of course-embedded assessment for program outcomes in Computer Science & Information Engineering. In engineering education, ABEEK(Accreditation Board for Engineering Education of Korea) has been nominated as an official accreditation from Korean government under some conditions of fulfillment. One of the conditions is enforcement of course-embedded assessment for program outcomes. In this paper, a method of course-embedded assessment in Computer Science & Information Engineering is suggested. The case study was done in a basic project course which includes the special assessment methods in project courses. The case study of course-embedded assessment in a basic project course was given with consideration for each step, that is, set up of program outcomes which are highly related to the course, selection of assessment tools such as written examination and project-based assessment, set up of assessment criteria, implementation of course-embedded assessment, and analysis of results. The proposed method is expected to be a good example to construct the whole strategy for course-embedded assessment in Computer Science & Information Engineering.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-81
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• 2015

Water inrush and mud outburst always restricts the tunnel constructions in mountain area, which becomes a major geological barrier against the development of underground engineering. In view of the complex disaster-causing mechanism and difficult quantitative predictions of water inrush and mud outburst, several theoretical methods are adopted to realize dynamic assessment of water inrush in the progressive process of tunnel construction. Concerning both the geological condition and construction situation, eleven risk factors are quantitatively described and an assessment system is developed to evaluate the water inrush risk. In the static assessment, the weights of eight risk factors about the geological condition are determined using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Each factor is scored by experts and the synthesis scores are weighted. The risk level is ultimately determined based on the scoring outcome which is derived from the sum of products of weights and comprehensive scores. In the secondary assessment, the eight risk factors in static assessment and three factors about construction situation are quantitatively analyzed using fuzzy evaluation method. Subordinate levels and weight of factors are prepared and then used to calculate the comprehensive subordinate degree and risk level. In the dynamic assessment, the classical field of the eleven risk factors is normalized by using the extension evaluation method. From the input of the matter-element, weights of risk factors are determined and correlation analysis is carried out to determine the risk level. This system has been applied to the dynamic assessment of water inrush during construction of the Yuanliangshan tunnel of Yuhuai Railway. The assessment results are consistent with the actual excavation, which verifies the rationality and feasibility of the software. The developed system is believed capable to be back-up and applied for risk assessment of water inrush in the underground engineering construction.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.30
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• pp.12.1-12.7
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• 2015

Objectives In South Korea, health insurance data are used as material for the health insurance of national whole subject. In general, health insurance data could be useful for estimating prevalence or incidence rate that is representative of the actual value in a population. The purpose of this study was to apply the concept of episode of care (EoC) in the utilization of health insurance data in the field of environmental epidemiology and to propose an improved methodology through an uncertainty assessment of disease course and outcome. Methods In this study, we introduced the concept of EoC as a methodology to utilize health insurance data in the field of environmental epidemiology. The characterization analysis of the course and outcome of applying the EoC concept to health insurance data was performed through an uncertainty assessment. Results The EoC concept in this study was applied to heat stroke (International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, code T67). In the comparison of results between before and after applying the EoC concept, we observed a reduction in the deviation of daily claims after applying the EoC concept. After that, we categorized context, model, and input uncertainty and characterized these uncertainties in three dimensions by using uncertainty typology. Conclusions This study is the first to show the process of constructing episode data for environmental epidemiological studies by using health insurance data. Our results will help in obtaining representative results for the processing of health insurance data in environmental epidemiological research. Furthermore, these results could be used in the processing of health insurance data in the future.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.109-134
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to help develop a guideline for the common cold. We searched recent clinical studies of the common cold in Western medicine and reviewed their objectives, inclusion and exclusion criteria, primary outcome, secondary outcome, and assessment tools to establish evidenced-based guideline.Methods: We searched electronic databases (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE) to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the common cold for the last 10 years. We included 29 RCTs and showed their research summary via their objectives, participants, interventions, control, treatment duration, and results. We also analyzed the definition of the common cold presented in the article, inclusion and exclusion criteria, primary and secondary outcomes, and assessment tools.Results: We reported the aforementioned areas in detail. At first, the definition of the common cold was confused across the articles. Second, herbal medication clinical trials for the common cold have been extensively studied recently. Third, the eligibility criteria frequently included the Jackson Symptom score. Fourth, validated assessment tools (i.e., the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21) have only been used in a few recent studies.Conclusions: Our research will be helpful to establish Korean herbal medicine clinical trial guidelines for the common cold.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.37-48
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate how advanced practice nurses (APNs) recognized their work by analyzing nursing outcomes. The ultimate goal was to examine the utility of APNs by connecting their work to the outcomes. Methods: Cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect the data from 59 APNs in a tertiary hospital lovated in Seoul, Korea. The questionnaire with 84 outcome indicators for advanced practice nurses was used. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Among 84 outcome indicators, 11 indicators were associated with the work of APNs. Majority of these findings were included in the categories of clinical results and satisfaction. Items identified to be associated with the work of APNs were different among oncology nursing area, surgical speciality area, emergency care area, and critical care area. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that the works of APNs were relevant to education/counseling/training and interpersonal relationship with other health professionals. The results of the study could be helpful to delineate the work characteristics of APNs and increase the utility of APNs in Korea where roles of APNs are not yet clearly delineated in most clinical settings.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2007

Biotechnology is often described as the 'exploitation of biological processes for industrial purposes'. The last twenty years have seen phenomenal growth in this industry. The 21 century promises to see further advances in the field. However, since the cost of research is high, and the potential returns are linked to exclusivity, intellectual property protection is critical to this burgeoning industry. Without protection such investments in R&D would not be made and, the benefit that BT-related development are expected to bring, would not occur. BT industry are eager for high technology, and the technology must be transferred to a corporation from a research organization. In order to be successful, it is important that scientist must be directed toward R&D outcome beyond performance assessment. The process to gain a outcome involves multiple steps to turn the idea into the profit, and intellectual property issues are considered into the critical factors to affect the quality of R&D. The management of Intellectual property is very important in R&D. However, According to the survey conducted by KIIP (Korea Institute of Intellectual Property) and KOSEF (Korea Science and Engineering Foundation) in 2006, it is estimated the ability to treat Intellectual property is not sufficient because 82.5% of the respondents have not received an education. Governmental Support is needed to prompt systematically the ability of intellectual property management through education and consulting.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.83-88
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• 2016

In this paper, we surveyed from students and professors of Hanbat National University to examine the current state of running the introductory engineering design and to derive the direction of future improvements of the subject. A total of 783 students from nine departments and 12 professors who are in charge of the introductory engineering design participated in the present questionnaire evaluation. Outcome categories of the interest in their major and the learning of design theory appears relatively lower than other learning outcomes of the introductory engineering design course. Accordingly, it is determined that the theoretical aspects of designing should be emphasized in performing a team project. The design process, writing and presentation ability, teamwork theory are dealt in more than 70% of the departments, but engineering ethics, patent, visualization education had not been addressed in a number of departments due to their department characteristics. While a lesson outcome of the creativity resulted in the largest for the students, most of the professor feel difficult in increasing the creativity. It is urgent to develope of teaching methods in order to promote the creativity in the introductory engineering design course.