• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.169-169
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• 2005

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.5A
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• pp.267-275
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• 2012

This paper describes the experimental study on the structural behavior of the joint plane between a RC(Reinforced Concrete) wall and a SC(Steel Plate Concrete) wall under out-of plane flexural loads and in-plane shear loads. The test specimens were produced with L and I shape to assess efficiently flexural and shear behavior of the structures. In order to consider dynamic loads such as earthquake, cyclic loading tests were carried out. As results of the out-of plane flexural tests, ductile failure mode of vertical bars was shown under a push load and the failure load was more than nominal strength of the specimen. And the latter test was performed to verify the variation which was composition presence of horizontal bars in the SC member. The test results showed that capacity of the specimens was more than their nominal strength regardless of composition presence of horizontal bars.

• Composites Research
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.401-407
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• 2020

At the engineering and industrial areas, the lightweight composite material has been substituted with the metals, such as steel at the structural parts. This composite material has been applied by the adhesive bonding method, as well as the joint methods with rivets, welds or bolts and nuts. The study on the strength characteristics of adhesive interface is necessarily required in order to apply the method to composite materials. CFRP specimens as the fiber reinforced plastic composites were manufactured easily and this study was carried out. The static experiments were performed under the loading conditions of in-plane and out-plane shears with the inhomogeneous composite TDCB specimens with CFRP, aluminum (Al6061), and aluminum foam (Al-foam). Through the result of this study, the durability on the inhomogeneous composite structure with adhesive interface was investigated by examining the fracture characteristic and the point in time.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.963-980
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• 2016

The jib system with middle strut is widely used to achieve the large arm length in the large scale tower crane and the deployability in the mobile construction crane. In this paper, an analytical solution for the out-of-plane buckling of the jib system with middle strut is proposed. To obtain the analytical expression of the buckling characteristic equation, the method of differential equation was adopted by establishing the bending and torsional differential equation of the jib system under the instability critical state. Compared with the numerical solutions of the finite element software ANSYS, the analytical results in this work agree well with them. Therefore, the correctness of the results in this work can be confirmed. Then the influences of the lateral stiffness of the cable fixed joint, the dip angle of the strut, the inertia moment of the strut, and the horizontal position of the cable fixed joint on the out-of-plane buckling behavior of the jib system were investigated.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.553-564
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• 2020

In this study, a simple numerical approach for a circular tunnel opening in strain-softening surrounding rock is proposed considering out-of-plane stress and seepage force based on Biot's effective stress principle. The plastic region of strain-softening surrounding rock was divided into a finite number of concentric rings, of which the thickness was determined by the internal equilibrium equation. The increments of stress and strain for each ring, starting from the elastic-plastic interface, were obtained by successively incorporating the effect of out-of-plane stress and Biot's effective stress principle. The initial value of the outmost ring was determined using equilibrium and compatibility equations. Based on the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) and generalized Hoek-Brown (H-B) failure criteria, the stress-increment approach for solving stress, displacement, and plastic radius was improved by considering the effects of Biot's effective stress principle and the nonlinear degradation of strength and deformation parameters in plastic zone incorporating out-of-plane stress. The correctness of the proposed approach is validated by numerical simulation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2012

This paper describes an experimental study on the mechanical characteristic and behavior of a structure that has a joint between the reinforced concrete (RC) member and steel plate concrete (SC) member. An out-of-plane flexural test on an L-type test specimen and in-plane shear test on an I-type test specimen were carried out by means of repeated cyclic loading until their failure. Based on the results, the former showed pull-out failure mode of anchored vertical bars while the latter exhibited flexural failure mode of the basement member. These results reveal that the maximum capacity of the specimens is 96% and 82%, respectively, compared with the theoretical value.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.226-230
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• 2001

Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) has been recently developed and widely used because it has advantage to be able to measure surface deformations of engineering components and materials in industrial areas with non-contact. The spekle patterns to be formed with interference phenomena of scattering phenomena measure the out-of-plane deformations, together with the use of digital image equipment to process the informations included in the speckle patterns and the display consequent interferogram on a computer monitor. In this study, the experimental results of a canti-levered plate using ESPI were compared with those obtained from the simple beam theory. The ESPI results of the canti-levered plate analyzed by 4-step phase shifting method are close to the theoretical expectation. Also, out-0of-plane displacements of a spot welded canti-levered plate were measured by ESPI with 4-step phase shifting technique. The phase map of the spot welded canti-levered plate is quite different from that of the canti-levered plate without spot welding.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2016

Energy flow analysis(EFA) is a representative method that can predict the statistical energetics of structures at high frequencies. Generally, as the frequency increases, the shear distortion and rotatory inertia effects in the out-of-plane motion of beams or plates become important. Therefore, to predict the out-of-plane energetics of coupled structures in the high frequency range, the energy flow analyses of Timoshenko beam and Mindlin plate are required. Unlike the energy flow model of Kirchhoff plate, the energy flow model of Mindlin plate is composed of three kinds of energy governing equations(out-of-plane shear wave, bending dominant flexural wave, and shear dominant flexural wave). This paper performed the energy flow finite element analysis(EFFEA) of coplanar coupled Mindlin plates. For EFFEA of coplanar coupled Mindlin plates, the energy flow finite element formulation of out-of-plane energetics in the Mindlin plate was performed. The general EFFEA program was implemented by MATLAB® language. For the verification of EFFEA of Mindlin plate, the various numerical applications were done successfully.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2013

The measuring of internal defects of objects using the shearography has many advantages. It is a non-contact and non-destructive method and It has a real time measurement speed and no constraints of object shape. Compared to ESPI(Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry), Shearography has a very low error rate by vibration and air turbulence. So shearography provides possibilities of industrial application. In this paper, Image processing algorithm that is measurement of out-of-plane deformation using the shearography is proposed by developed using the LabVIEW 2010 and measurement result of out-of-plane ESPI and Shearography are compared quantitatively.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.78 no.3
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• pp.269-280
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• 2021

Reinforced concrete (RC) structural walls with L-shaped sections are commonly used in RC buildings. The walls are often expected to sustain biaxial load and Unsymmetrical bending in an earthquake event. However, there currently exists limited experimental evidence regarding their seismic behaviour in these lateral loading directions. This paper makes experimental and numerical investigations to these walls behaviours. Experimental evidences are presented for four L-shaped wall specimens which were tested under simulated seismic load from different lateral directions. The results highlighted some distinct behaviour of L-shaped walls sustaining Unsymmetrical bending relating to their seismic performance. First, due to the Unsymmetrical bending, out-of-plane reaction forces occur for these walls, which contribute to accumulation of the out-of-plane deformations of the wall, especially when out-of-plane stiffness of the section is reduced by horizontal cracks in the cyclic load. Secondly, cracking was found to affect shear centre of the specimens loaded in the Unsymmetrical bending direction. The shear centre of these specimens distinctly differs in the flange in the positive and negative loading direction. Cracking of the flange also causes significant warping in the bottom part of the wall, which eventually lead to out-of-plane buckling failure.