• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.323-331
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• 1994

1,050 patients who visited orthodontic dental department from 1983 to 1994, were surveyed on the yearly tendency of orthodontic patient distribution and state by means of Angle's classification. The results were as follows: 1. There was increased visiting rate of patient per year and higher visiting rate in female than in male. 2. 8-15 age group was 61.4% in total visiting patients and over 20 age group was 18.5%, under 7 age group was 8.1% 3. Class I malocclusion was 42.2%, class II div 1 was 22.5%, class II-2 was 3.9%, class III was 29.1% and cleft lip & palate was 2.0% in total visiting patient. 4. As showed the living distribution, Namgu and Susunggu's patients were 43.7% of the total patients. 5. There was increased tendency for the number of the patient to be recieved orthognathic surgery.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2014

Objective: To determine Korean facial profile preferences based on lip position as assessed by Hispanic-Americans of varying western adaptation levels and to determine whether the age and sex of the rater had any influence. Methods: For this study, 132 Hispanic-Americans and 68 Caucasians of varying age, sex and western adaptation levels volunteered to rate their preference of Korean male and female facial silhouettes having lips ranging from retruding to protruding. The Hispanic-Americans were also asked to complete a Bidimensional Acculturation Scale questionnaire to determine their western adaptation status: low-acculturated Hispanics (LAH; lesser western-adapted Hispanic participants) or high-acculturated Hispanics (HAH; higher western-adapted Hispanic participants). Results: The LAHs preferred significantly more retruded lip positions (p < 0.05) while HAHs showed some similarities with Caucasian participants in the results for the Korean male profile, even though HAHs preferred more retruded lip positions for the Korean female profile than Caucasians did (p < 0.05). The age and sex of raters did not influence the preference of facial profiles (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that Hispanic-Americans prefer a flatter Korean lip profile. It would be prudent for orthodontists to offer patients the option of altering lip profile through orthodontic and/or orthognathic surgery treatments.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.402-419
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• 2009

Successful treatment of the non-growing patient with an open bite of either dental skeletal pattern often presents a difficult challenge. The morphologic pattern in anterior open bite is characterized by longer vertical dimensions, an increase in development of the maxillary posterior dento-alveolar structure and a steep mandibular plane. In such cases, molar intrusion would be a good remedy for treatment. This article reports the successful treatment and retention of two anterior open-bite cases. We used orthodontic mini-implants for treatment and a circumferential retainer with posterior bite block or skeletal fixed retainer for retention. The diagnostic criteria and mechanics for appropriate treatment are discussed. Our results suggest that open bite can be reduced successfully with intrusion of molars using orthodontic mini-implants (OMI) without orthognathic surgery, and that circumferential retainer with posterior bite block and skeletal fixed retainer are effective for retention.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.54-65
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• 2009

This paper describes the case of a 50-year-old female with a Class II malocclusion who presented with severe bimaxillary protrusion and generalized alveolar bone loss due to adult periodontitis. The treatment plan consisted of extracting both upper and lower first premolars and periodontal treatment. Anterior segmental osteotomy(ASO) of the mandible and upper anterior segment retraction using compression osteogenesis after peri-segmental corticotomy(Speedy orthodontics) was performed. Correct overbite and overjet, facial balance, and improvement of lip protrusion were obtained. However, a slight root resorption tendency was observed on the lower anterior dentition. The active treatment period was 9 months and the results were stable for 27 months after debonding. This new type of treatment mechanics can be an effective alternative to orthognathic surgery.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.143-152
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• 2018

Objective: This study examined cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-derived multiplanar-reconstructed (MPR) cross-sections to clarify the salient characteristics of patients with skeletal class III malocclusion with midface deficiency (MD). Methods: The horizontal and sagittal plane intersection points were identified for middle-third facial analysis in 40 patients in the MD or normal (N) groups. MPR images acquired parallel to each horizontal plane were used for length and angular measurements. Results: A comparison of the MD and N groups revealed significant differences in the zygoma prominence among female patients. The convex zygomatic area in the N group was larger than that in the MD group, and the inferior part of the midface in the N group was smaller than that in the MD group for both male and female patients. A significant difference was observed in the concave middle maxillary area among male patients. Conclusions: This study was conducted to demonstrate the difference between MD and normal face through MPR images derived from CBCT. Male patients in the MD group had a more flattened face than did those in the N group. Female patients in the MD group showed a concave-shaped lower section of the zygoma, which tended to have more severe MD. These findings indicate that orthognathic surgery to improve skeletal discrepancy requires different approaches in male and female patients.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.69-82
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• 2012

Our Team Approach consists of following five stages; (1) Peri-natal care until lip repair After ultrasound diagnosis, some obstetricians recommend the mother with CL/P fetus to undergo prenatal counseling in our CLP clinic. On the day the CL/P baby was born, our oral surgeon, nurse, and pedodontist visit the maternity clinic, and take counseling and take impression for a feeding plate. The cheiloplasty is performed in three months old. (2) From lip repair to palatal repair At one year of age, Otorhinolaryngologist checks middle-ear disease. Palatoplasty is carried out at 1.5 - 2 years old. (3) In deciduous and early mixed dentitions Speech is the most important issue in social life for the CL/P subjects, therefore the training of velopharyngeal function is essential. Orthodontist monitors dentofacial development from 5 years of age. In the case of severe maxillary under-growth or severe collapse, maxillary protractor or lateral expansion is indicative, respectively. In early mixed dentition, upper central incisor on the cleft area erupts with some torsion, and then the traumatic occlusion with tooth torsion must be corrected. (4) In mixed dentition Right before the eruption of upper canines, secondary bone grafting is performed. One year prior to the operation, maxillary fan-type expansion is carried out to correct the collapse of maxillary segments. Following the surgical operation, the erupted canine will be moved into the transplanted bone to avoid alveolar resorption. (5) In permanent dentition Final tooth alignment is carried out after eruption of second molars. Some cases may require orthognathic surgery after physical maturation. Prosthetic oral rehabilitation including the dental-implant is carried out after age eighteen.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2010

Purpose : This study is aimed to evaluate the position of mandibular foramen of mandibula prognathism patients using 3-dimensional CT images in order to reduce the chance of an anesthetic failure of the mandibular nerve and to prevent the damage to the inferior alveolar nerve during the orthognathic surgery. Materials and Methods : The control group consist of 30 patients with class I occlusion. The experimental group consist of 44 patients with class III malocclusion. Three-dimensional computed tomography was used to evaluate the position of the mandibular foramina. Results : The distance between mandibular plane and mandibular foramen, class I was 25.385 mm, class III was 23.628 mm. About the distance between occlusal plane and mandibular foramen, class I was 1.478 mm, class III was 5.144 mm. The distance between posterior border plan of mandibular ramus and mandibular foramen had not statistically significant. About the distance between sagittal plane of mandible and mandibular foramen did not also showed statistically significant. Conclusion : The result of this study could help the clinicians to apprehend more accurate anatomical locations of the foramina on the mandible with various facial skeletal types. thereby to perform more accurate block anesthesia of the mandibular nerve and osteotomy with minimal nerve damage. In addition, this study could provide fundamental data for any related researches about the location of the mandibular foramina for other purposes.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.195-206
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• 2017

Facial asymmetry can be classified into the rolling-dominant type (R-type), translation-dominant type (T-type), yawing-dominant type (Y-type), and atypical type (A-type) based on the distorted skeletal components that cause canting, translation, and yawing of the maxilla and/or mandible. Each facial asymmetry type represents dentoalveolar compensations in three dimensions that correspond to the main skeletal discrepancies. To obtain sufficient surgical correction, it is necessary to analyze the main skeletal discrepancies contributing to the facial asymmetry and then the skeletal-dental relationships in the maxilla and mandible separately. Particularly in cases of facial asymmetry accompanied by mandibular yawing, it is not simple to establish pre-surgical goals of tooth movement since chin deviation and posterior gonial prominence can be either aggravated or compromised according to the direction of mandibular yawing. Thus, strategic dentoalveolar decompensations targeting the real basal skeletal discrepancies should be performed during presurgical orthodontic treatment to allow for sufficient skeletal correction with stability. In this report, we document targeted decompensation of two asymmetry patients focusing on more complicated yaw-dependent types than others: Y-type and A-type. This may suggest a clinical guideline on the targeted decompensation in patient with different types of facial asymmetries.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2019

Purpose: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely used for 3-dimensional assessments of cranio-maxillo-facial relationships, especially in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. We have introduced, for reference in CBCT cephalometry, an anatomical mid-sagittal plane (MSP) identified by the nasion, the midpoint between the posterior clinoid processes of the sella turcica, and the basion. The MSP is an updated version of the median plane previously used at our institution for 2D posterior-anterior cephalometry. This study was conducted to test the accuracy of the CBCT measures compared to those obtained using standard posterior-anterior cephalometry. Materials and Methods: Two operators measured the inter-zygomatic distance on 15 CBCT scans using the MSP as a reference plane, and the CBCT measurements were compared with measurements made on patients' posterior-anterior cephalograms. The statistical analysis evaluated the absolute and percentage differences between the 3D and 2D measurements. Results: As demonstrated by the absolute mean difference (roughly 1 mm) and the percentage difference (less than 3%), the MSP showed good accuracy on CBCT compared to the 2D plane, especially for measurements of the left side. However, the CBCT measurements showed a high standard deviation, indicating major variability and low precision. Conclusion: The anatomical MSP can be used as a reliable reference plane for transverse measurements in 3D cephalometry in cases of symmetrical or asymmetrical malocclusion. In patients who suffer from distortions of the skull base, the identification of landmarks might be difficult and the MSP could be unreliable. Becoming familiar with the relevant software could reduce errors and improve reliability.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.3 s.80
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• pp.343-355
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount and interrelationship of hard and soft tissue changes after mandibular setback osteotomy and reduction genioplasty in mandibular prognathism with long anterior facial height. The control group (Group A) consisted of 20 patients who had severe horizontal discrepancy. They experienced Presurgical orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery via mandibular setback. The experimental group (Group B) consisted of 20 patients who had severe horizontal and vertical discrepancy. They experienced presurgical orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery via mandibular setback and reduction genioplasty. The presurgical and postsurgical lateral cephalograms were evaluated. The computerized statistical analysis was tarried on with EXCEL 97 program. The results were as follows : 1. The correlation of hard and soft tissue horizontal changes in lower 2/3 of lower anterior facial height were high for both groups. The correlation coefficients of hard tissue changes and Ls, Stm, Li changes in Group B were moderately higher than Group A. 2. The correlation of hard and soft tissue vortical changes in Group B were lower than Group A. (except for pointB-Ils, Me-Me') 3. The ratio for soft tissue to Pog in Group B was lower than Group A. The ratios of hard and soft tissue vertical changes were 32% at Ils, 54% at Pog', and 60% at Me'. 4. The ratio of lower anterior facial height to total anterior facial height was reduced for both groups. But ratio of upper 1/3 of lower anterior facial height to total anterior facial height did not changed significantly in Group B. 5. Reduction genioplasty combined with mandibular setback procedure showed no change in upper one third(Sn-Stm) and significant decrease(Stm-Me') in the lower two thirds of the soft-tissue anterior lower facial height