• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2013

Purpose: In order to find out the impact of changes in polymerization conditions of orthodontic acrylic resin on maximum load. Methods: While maintaining mixing ratio 3:1 of polymer and monomer in spray-on way in the production condition of polymerization temperature $25^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes or 30 minutes of polymerization time by pressure $3kfg/cm^2$ or $6kfg/cm^2$ in the lab maintaining $25^{\circ}C$ of room temperature, the change in maximum load rise rate was tested by producing 5 acrylic resin specimens for orthodontics per group to meet the standards of $25mm{\times}2mm{\times}2mm$ and using INSTRON with the 3rd bar 2mm in diameter and parallel support bending device of $15{\pm}0.1mm$ as test equipment showing 30.00mm/min of crosshead speed, $50{\pm}16$ N/min of load ratio in the laboratory of $24^{\circ}C$ room temperature and as a result, the following results were obtained. Results: 1. When increasing pressure from $3kfg/cm^2$ to $6kfg/cm^2$, maximum load was lowered by -4.285%. 2. When increasing polymerization time from 10 minutes to 30 minutes, maximum load rose by 3.848%. 3. When increasing polymerization temperature from $27^{\circ}C$ to $37^{\circ}C$, maximum load rose by 5.854%. Conclusion: Considering the above test results that polymerization time and polymerization temperature when polymerizing acrylic resin for orthodontics according to changes in working conditions had an impact on the rate of rise of maximum load values but the rate of rise was lowered when increasing pressure from $3kfg/cm^2$ to $6kfg/cm^2$, we came to a conclusion that high pressure more than necessary does not affect the rate of rise of maximum load.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2020

가철성 교정장치에서 주로 사용하고 있는 자가중합 레진인 Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)는 현대 치의학 분야에서 주로 쓰이고 있는 아크릴릭 레진이다. 장점으로 색과 체적의 조직 친화성, 안정성 등 있어 치과에선 교정장치 재료로 오랫동안 사용해 왔다. PMMA의 제작은 활성화 방법에 따라 자가중합방식과 열중합 방식으로 나눌 수 있다. 자가중합 레진은 치과 교정장치로 오래동안 사용되고 있다. 레진의 주입방법은 크게 적층법(sprinkle-on method)와 혼합법(mixing method)이 있다. 본 연구에서는 교정장치의 레진 주입방법에 따른 기계적 특성인 강도, 탄성계수 경도, 표면조도를 실험 해보고자 한다. Orthodontic PMMA 의 직사각형 시편 (1.4×3.0×19.0 mm)에 3점 굽힘강도 실험한 결과 강도에선 유의한 차이가 없었다. 경도 역시 유의한 차이가 없었다. 표면조도도 큰 차이가 보이지 않았다. Orthodontic PMMA는 교정용 장치의 레진주입 방식에 따른 기계적 특성의 유의한 차이가 없음을 확인하였다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.477-486
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• 2008

치과 임상에서는 여러 목적으로 Polymethyl methacrylate를 주성분으로 한 아크릴릭 레진이 사용되고 있으며, 특히 가철성 교정장치는 대부분 이것을 사용한다. 그러나 아크릴릭 레진은 중합이 완벽하게 이루어지지 않을 경우 인체에 악영향을 줄 수 있는 미반응 모노머가 레진에 잔존할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 방법(온도, 압력, 수중 혹은 공기 중)으로 중합 조건과 시간을 달리 하여 교정용 아크릴릭 레진에서 발생하는 미반응 모노머의 용리량을 고성능 액체 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 정성 및 정량분석 하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 모든 군에서 MMA를 제외한 다른 모노머는 용리되지 않았으며, 중합 방법에 따른 모든 실험군에서 미반응 모노머의 용리는 유의하게 감소하였고(P<0.05) 중합 방법을 한 가지만 사용하였을 때보다 2가지 이상 복합적으로 변화시켰을 때 모노머의 용리량이 더 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 시간경과에 따라 모노머의 용리량이 유의하게 감소하여, 특히 1일 후 부터 급격한 감소를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 보아 중합 방법을 달리하였을 때 모노머의 용리량을 더 많이 감소시키고, 다른 중합 조건들도 복합적으로 사용하는 것이 용리량을 더 효과적으로 줄일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그리고 중합 과정에서 온도, 수분, 압력의 조건을 강화하여 3일 이상 중합 시간을 가지는 것이 미반응 모노머의 용리량을 최소화할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 G
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• pp.3316-3318
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• 1999

PMMA(poly-methyl methacrylate) microlens array is fabricated using transparent acrylic resin. PMMA is commonly used material for plastic lens due to its excellent visibility larger than 90% and other optical characteristics so much close to those of glass. Orthodontic resin (DENTSPLY International Inc.), commonly used in dentistry, is an transparent acrylic resin kit including MMA liquid and polymerization powder. Their mixture results in PMMA through polymerization. Using the resin PMMA layer is formed on the substrate through spin-coating. Designed pattern of lens structure is transferred to PMMA layer by RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) with oxygen plasma. Final lens shape is formed by thermal treatment that causes PMMA to reflow, The thickness of PMMA spun on the substrate is $17{\mu}m$ that is also final sag of microlens, Designed diameters of the microlenses are $200{\mu}m$, $300{\mu}m$,and $500{\mu}m$, respectively.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.823-832
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of 1) the diameter(0.7,1.0,1.2mm) and number(1,2,3) of commonly available orthodontic metal wires embedded in self-curing orthodontic acrylic resin specimens($64{\times}10{\times}3mm$) and 2) the use of chemical adhesive system(Silicoater, Metalprimer) to prevent slipping at the interface between the resin and the metal wire on reinforcement by using three-point bending test. From this study, the following results were obtained. 1. No statistically significant difference was found among the transverse strengths for the control without reinforcement, one 0.7mm wire, two 0.7mm wires, three 0.7mm wires, and one 1.0mm wire groups(P>.05). 2. In the groups with 1.0 or 1.2mm wires, the transverse strength increased in proportion to the increase of number of wires(P<.05). 3. In the groups with 0.7 or 1.0mm wires, neither of Silicoater and Netalprimer increased the transverse strength significantly(P>.05). 4. No statistically significant difference was found in transverse strength between Silicoater groups and Metalprimer groups with same diameter of wires(P.>05). From these result, it is concluded that diameter of wires is a primary considering factor to reinforce the acrylic resin effectively and, when this requirement is satisfied, increased number of wires or chemical adhesive systems can be expected to produce the additional reinforcing effect.

• 치과방사선
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.133-145
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• 1996

Aspirating or swallowing foreign bodies is a common occurrence. If they are wholly or partly radiopaque, their localization in and progress through the gastrointestinal tract can be more effective. Of the dental origin foreign materials swallowed, the most common things are fragments of anterior maxillary partial denture. But the radiopacity of denture base resins is not sufficient to determine the location of the objects. The purpose of this study was to develop a radiopaque dental acrylic resin, which has clinically detectible radiopacity with minimal change of mechanical properties and color. The radiopacity, color change(CIE 6..E) and microhardness of acrylic resins were determined after mixing barium sulfate or iodide compound. Thermocycling course was conducted to determine the change of characteristic of resins after using for a long time in the mouth. Five or ten percent of barium sulfate to total weight of cured material was mixed with heat curing dental acrylic resin or chemically curing orthodontic resin. In the case of iodide compound, the mixing ratio was two or three percent. After mixing the high radiopaque materials, resin was cured to 20×20×2 mm plate, polished with #600 sand paper and finally polished with Microcloth(Buehler). The specimens were thermocycled in 5 and 55 t distilled water for 2,000 times, and the measurement of radiopacity, color and Vickers hardness was repeated every 500 times thcrmocycling. The radiopacity of specimens on the X -ray films was measured with densitometer(X-rite). The color change was detennined with differential colorimeter(Model TC-6FX, Tokyo Denshoku), and the Vickers hardness number was measured with microhardness tester(Mitsuzawa). The following results were obtained : 1. All the three variables, the kinds of acrylic resins, the mixing or the kinds of high radiopaque materials and thermocycling, had combined effect on the radiopacity of the dental acrylic resins(p<0.0l). 2. The two variables, the mixing or the kinds of high radiopaque materials and thermocycling, influenced on the radiopacity of the dental acrylic resins(p<0.01). But the kinds of acrylic resins did not influence on the color change of mixed dental acrylic resins(p>0.05). 3. Each of the three variables, the kinds of acrylic resins, the mixing or the kinds of high radiopaque materials and thermocycling, influenced on the radiopacity of dental acrylic resins(p<0.0l). 4. The high radiopaque materials used in this study did not yield clinically usable radiopacity, and the color change was great after mixing those materials.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2014

Objective: To evaluate the effects of ultrasonic instrumentation with different scaler-tip angulations on the shear bond strength (SBS) and bond failure mode of metallic orthodontic brackets. Methods: Adhesive pre-coated metallic brackets were bonded to 72 extracted human premolars embedded in autopolymerizing acrylic resin. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 24 each) to undergo no treatment (control group) or ultrasonic instrumentation with a scaler-tip angulation of $45^{\circ}$ ($45^{\circ}$-angulation group) or $0^{\circ}$ ($0^{\circ}$-angulation group). SBS was tested in a universal testing machine, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were recorded. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The control group had a significantly higher mean SBS value than the treated groups, which showed no significant differences in their mean SBS values. The ARI scores were not significantly different among the groups. Conclusions: Ultrasonic instrumentation around the bracket base reduces the SBS of metallic orthodontic brackets, emphasizing the need for caution during professional oral hygiene procedures in orthodontic patients. The scaler-tip angulation does not influence the SBS reduction and bond failure mode of such brackets.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.271-277
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• 1985

With modification of the acid etch technique and improvements of the physical and mechanical properties of the acrylic resin, the removal of directly bonded attachments and the finishing of the underlying enamel have become an acute clinical problem. This study was to evaluation the efficacy of recently introduced instrumentation and techniques to remove bonded brackets and residual resin, and restore the affected enamel surface to an acceptable clinical condition. Fortyeight premolar which were scheduled for extraction for orthodontic purposes were bonded with brackets using super-C ortho. Four additional premolars with untreated surfaces were used as controls. After one weak the brackets were removed and the residual resin removed by hand scaler, green stone, green rubber wheel, sandpaper disc, tungsten carbide bur, Sof-lex disc. Half the experimental teeth were given a final pumicing and then all were extracted and stored in 50 percent ethanol. The scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluated the enamel surface. Following results were obtained; 1. A satisfactory result was obtained by means of the Sof-lex disc. 2. The order of the scratch formation was the procedure using hand scaler, green atone, tungsten carbide bur, sandpaper disc, green rubber wheel, and Sof-lex disc. 3. The procedures using green stone and tungsten carbide bur showed many groove formations and the other procedures showed none. 4. final pumicing serves effectively to remove residual adhesive and restore the enamel surface.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2015

Objective: The aims of this study were to compare the shear bond strength between orthodontic metal brackets and glazed zirconia using different types of primer before applying resin cement and to determine which primer was more effective. Methods: Zirconia blocks were milled and embedded in acrylic resin and randomly assigned to one of four groups: nonglazed zirconia with sandblasting and zirconia primer (NZ); glazed zirconia with sandblasting, etching, and zirconia primer (GZ); glazed zirconia with sandblasting, etching, and porcelain primer (GP); and glazed zirconia with sandblasting, etching, zirconia primer, and porcelain primer (GZP). A stainless steel metal bracket was bonded to each target surface with resin cement, and all specimens underwent thermal cycling. The shear bond strength of the specimens was measured by a universal testing machine. A scanning electron microscope, three-dimensional optical surface-profiler, and stereoscopic microscope were used to image the zirconia surfaces. The data were analyzed with one-way analyses of variance and the Fisher exact test. Results: Group GZ showed significantly lower shear bond strength than did the other groups. No statistically significant differences were found among groups NZ, GP, and GZP. All specimens in group GZ showed adhesive failure between the zirconia and resin cement. In groups NZ and GP, bonding failed at the interface between the resin cement and bracket base or showed complex adhesive and cohesive failure. Conclusions: Porcelain primer is the more appropriate choice for bonding a metal bracket to the surface of a full-contour glazed zirconia crown with resin cement.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.271-279
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• 1985

영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 치과 구강외과에 상 하악 전돌을 가진 환자가 안모 추형으로 인한 심미적 장애와 상악 전치부 치간이개 및 하악전치부 치열부정을 주소로 내원하였다. 안면치조기형에 대한 육안적평가, 방사선학적검사, 두부계측사진분석 및 진단 모형분석 등 다각적인 분석 결과 상 하악 치조 전돌증으로 진단을 내렸으며, 내원 당시 본 환자는 전반적으로 치주병학적 문제점을 가지고 있었고 개인적으로 군입대라는 특수상황하에 있었기 때문에 치주조직에 대한 손상을 최소로 하면서 치료기간을 최대한 단축시킬 수 있는 치료계획을 세웠다. 상하악 천치부에 대한 술전교정 치료 후 상악골은 전방부분절 골절단술로 후방으로 이동시키고 하악골은 전방부분 치근단 하방 골절단술로 후하방으로 이동시키므로서 상하악 전돌증에 대한 악교정 외과적 처치를 하여 좋은 결과를 얻었기에 이에 보고하는 바이다.