• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1467-1478
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop a curriculum for the oriental clinical nurse specialist program based on the understanding of Korean human beings so as to develop nursing as a profession and promote the client's health. The design of this study was based on literature review and nominal group study. The research was managed by East-West Nursing Research Institute of nursing science college at Kyung Hee University. The research team was composed of 17 professors of nursing departments of oriental medical colleges. We obtained opinions from Oriental Nurses Association, Oriental Nursing Research Association, and professors in oriental medical college. We reviewed articles, curriculums of other clinical nurse specialist programs, medical laws and the curriculum development plan for the oriental clinical nurse specialist program from Korean Nurses Association. We discussed a curriculum thoroughly in numerous meetings. We developed a following curriculum: 1. Educational philosophy was founded on the oriental human view which was based on Chun-In union theory. It was founded on the oriental health view which recognized health being in harmony with nature and the balance of body function with the harmony of Yin-Yang in the five elements. In addition, it was founded on oriental nursing view to promote these health states. 2. Educational goals were to train oriental clinical nurse specialists, oriental nursing educators and oriental nursing researchers who developed knowledge of oriental nursing theory, nursing practice and created a leadership. 3. Curriculum consisted of 48 credits, of which 36 credits are based on lectures and laboratory classes and 12 credits are based on clinical practice. 36 credits consisted of 5 general subject credits and 31 core subject credits. General subjects consisted of nursing theory, nursing research, law and ethics. Students who had earned master's degrees are not required to take the general subjects. Core subjects consisted of 11 subjects such as advanced physical examination and laboratory, oriental nursing theory, original text of oriental nursing, oriental medical nursing, oriental pediatric nursing, oriental gynecologic nursing, oriental gerontologic nursing, oriental pharmacology, oriental constitutional nursing, advanced nursing of channels and acupuncture points and laboratory and oriental rehabilitation nursing and laboratory. In addition, clinical practice in a hospital ward, out patient department, herb prepation room, department of physical therapy and health promotion center in oriental medical hospitals for 12 weeks. To admit this program, students should complete prerequisites of introduction to oriental nursing and nursing of channels and acupuncture points. 4. Course contents of each subjects were developed to include the course's goal and objectives and specific items. 5. Evaluation involved lecture, laboratory and in field practice. We applied various evaluation systems and methods that were based on both knowledge and skills of the students to ensure full credibility and validity.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.376-386
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance and usability of the curriculum of the oriental nursing educational program among clinical nurses who completed the program. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive survey design. Data were collected from March 1, 2010 to April 25, 2010 from 68 oriental or allied hospital nurses who completed the oriental nursing educational program. A70-item questionnaire of importance and usability of the program curriculum and as an instrument of knowledge of oriental nursing were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The majority of participants (69.1%) experienced difficulties in clinical practice due to lack of oriental nursing knowledge and skill. In knowledge of oriental nursing, meridian points had the most negative responses (51.5%), followed by oriental documentation (42.7%) and oriental herbal medicine (20.6%). The highest ranked course in importance was oriental fundamental nursing with clinical practicum in usability. The scores of usability items were significantly lower than those of importance items. Conclusion: This study suggests that the clinical job description and role of oriental nurses should be organized. The oriental nursing educational program needs to include more unique clinical nursing content.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.63-75
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• 1995

The need of oriental nursing role is recently increasing. The implication of this trend is enormous not only for the need of independent of independent oriental nursing intervention. Hence, this study was designed to describe the characteristics of oriental nursing activity and identify the meaning of nursing activity in oriental hospital. A total of 24 nurses were selected by convenience sampling from eight units at one oriental hospital. A total of 168 data were collected using minute-by-minute recording during nurse s work shift. The data were analyzed using nova and scheffe method as post-hoc test The results of this study are as follows; 1. the category of nursing activity in oriental hospital 74.4% of nursing activity was the patient-oriented nursing care. The nursing activity included others (18.28%), the function-oriented nursing care (7.07%), and staff-oriented care (0.2%). 29.1 % of the patient-oriented nursing care was the direct care, and 24. 5 % of the patient-oriented nursing care was the indirect care. There was a lack of patient education and the communication patient. 2. Nursing activity in oriental hospital by characteristics 1) Nursing activity by unit For patient-oriented nursing care, there was a statistically significant difference among 8 units. In the critical care unit, the patient-oriented nursing care was mostly performed. For function-oriented nursing care, there was statistically significant difference among 8 units. In the physical therapy unit, the function-oriented nursing care was mostly performed. 2) Nursing activity in oriental hospital For all kinds of nursing activity, there was a statistically significant difference between shifts. In night shift patient-oriented nursing care, function-oriented nursing care, and other kinds of nursing care was mostly performed. Patient-oriented nursing care included indirect care, treatment set management, and the breaktime. In day shift, staff-oriented nursing care was performed. 3) Nursing activity in oriental hospital For all kinds of nursing activity, there was not a statistically significant difference by day. The day has not impact on nursing activity. 3. the meaning of activity in oriental hospital The results of this study show that the patient-oriented care was vital check, input! output check, medication, bedsore prevention, nasogastric feeding, oral care, catheterization care, perinatal care, nursing care associated with acupuncture and moxacautery, observation (fever, sweating), heat and cold application communication with patent and family, and patient room management In conclusion, two issues associated with the findings of the research appeated to be involved in the difficulty of nursing activity in hospital. The first issue was the nursing care in oriental hospital provided by nurses who have a limited understading of the principles of oriental medicine. The second issue was the deficiency of systematic guideling for oriental nursing activity. The findings suggest the need to develop the systematic guideline for oriental nursing activity. The need of continuing education for nurses who work in the oriental hospital, and the need of nursing education including oriental nursing are critical.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2003

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the different concepts of oriental nursing as perceived by nurses, doctors, and patients in oriental hospitals. Method: A descriptive survey design was used for this study. Fifty-eight nurses, 26 doctors and 28 inpatients in 3 oriental hospitals were recruited from October to December 2002. The data were collected through a semi-structured open questionnaire. The data were analyzed by content analysis. Result: 1. The perceived concept of oriental nursing varied among the subjects. The nurses regard it as "a traditional nursing activity based on oriental philosophy" (60.3%), while the doctors viewed it as "a supplement to western nursing activity"(38.5%). For patients, the oriental nursing activity was considered as "a cordial form of nursing like that from a family member" (50.0%) and "an activity that doesn't differ so much from western nursing" (42.8%). 2. As for oriental nursing activities actually practiced, both the nurses and the doctors agreed that they carry out traditional oriental nursing activities such as explaining the treatment (taking oriental medicines, administering acupuncture etc.; nurses 96.6%, doctors 57.7%) and direct care like removing acupuncture needles (nurses 43.1%, doctors 34.6%). Patients replied that a western nursing activity is performed rather than an oriental nursing activity. 3. As for the required oriental nursing activity, nurses stated they apply traditional oriental methods such as CHUNA exercise therapy, moxibustion, cupping method etc. in their nursing practice. Doctors remarked that they try to understand the patients' state by approaching patients through an oriental way of thinking. Patients wish to get kindly care. 4. As a whole, 34.5% of nurses and 25.0% of patients have experienced little satisfaction from oriental nursing activity. Nurses found it valuable to carry out western nursing (39.3%), while patients found satisfaction in the use of a cordial attitude (39.9%). 5. Both nurses and doctors defined the first reason that oriental nursing activity cannot be performed more often was the lack of education in oriental nursing, and the absence of interest in oriental nursing. Conclusion: Nurses and doctors appreciate an oriental way of nursing, and think that this type of nursing activity has been carried out even though it may be infrequent. However this oriental nursing activity has won recognition from patients who view western nursing activity as being more important.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 1997

This study was directed at analysing nursing practice in one oriental medicine hospital. In this study, the nurses were chosen from two units at one oriental medicine hospital. Using the worksampling method, a total of 780 series of nursing actions were collected over thirteen days. this study had two findings. First, the percentage for the amount of actual nursing practice was 79.5% which is lower than the amount of actual nursing practice in other western style general hospitals. Second, the content of nursing practice included nursing actions(43.8%), nursing management (35.5%), and education /research (0.1%), indicating that only the special care of oriental nursing and education /research were not observed in nursing practice. These findings indicate a deficit knowledge in oriental medicine and oriental nursing care by nurses in oriental medicine hospitals. Since Oriental Nursing has not been included in Nursing curriculum, there is a need for research to develop basic education in Oriental Medicine and pharmacology as well as the development of a sgstematized approach to Oriental Nursing so as to provide an appropriate background for nurses working in this field. Further research is needed to define nursing in the Oriental Medicine system.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2009

Purpose: This study investigated the perception, practice and attitude of nurses towards oriental nursing. Methods: Nurses (N=162) from a localized region were surveyed during June, 2008. Collected data was statistically analyzed using t-test, one-way ANDVA, and Sheffe test. Results: The perception of surveyed nurses to the following aspects of oriental nursing varied significantly: "chances to hear of oriental nursing", "treatment function of oriental medicine", "necessity of clinical application", "treatment method", and "educational demand on oriental nursing". Nurses' interest in the following aspects of oriental nursing was significantly different: "experiences undertaken in the treatment of oriental medicine", "treatment result", and "clinical result from the patients who were under the oriental medicine treatments". Nurses' attitude toward oriental nursing varied significantly in response to the following: "recommendation by other nurses or neighbors" and "experiences being questioned by patients on oriental nursing question". Conclusions: Support for oriental nursing and systematic education for nurses would be beneficial in light of a changing medical environment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.121-140
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• 2004

Purpose: This study is to analyse and observe the college of oriental medicine related with nursing investment contents, its conversion process and output to get good qualified oriental nursing result, thus developing a matrix of oriental nursing management system on the basis of that project. Method: This study was nursing management system of matrix developmental study for Korea was performed to the objectives of 11 college of oriental medicine nursing directors and 328 nurses with more than three-year experiences in Korea. Result: We found difficulties to utilize knowledge obtained through the regular curriculum to the practice of oriental nursing because only me or two subjects were running or even no syllabus. Therefore, we recommend that oriental nursing in-service education program as well as oriental nursing practice preceptorship should be administered en site. The evaluation of oriental nursing and its feedback, duty related multiple evaluation, aggressive QI activity and feedback of the performance evaluation oriental nurse's role and duty manual also should be essentially organized. Conclusion: We urgently request that the consensus of nursing school and nurse association to be made about oriental nursing activity as a basic curriculum of compulsive subject.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.209-215
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to examine the level of use of essential oriental nursing terms and related characteristics among nurses in oriental medicine (OM) hospitals. Method: A cross-sectional survey design with convenience sampling was employed. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 315 nurses in seven university-affiliated OM hospitals. The questionnaire included 174 oriental nursing terms about actions, tests, drugs, and theories. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with the level of use. Results: The response rate was 98.1% (n=309). Overall mean score for use of essential oriental nursing terms was 2.7(${\pm}\;0.7$) on a five-point Likert scale. Significant factors associated with the level of use were workplace and knowledge of oriental nursing theory terms. Nurses who worked in nursing care wards and those who had a higher level of knowledge of oriental nursing theories had a higher level of use. Conclusions: These findings indicate that level of use of essential oriental nursing terms were below average. Educational programs to enhance knowledge of oriental nursing theories need to be implemented for nurses in OM hospitals, considering their workplace, in order to facilitate nursing data sharing and communication among healthcare providers.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyse the current situation of oriental nursing intervention in local university oriental medicine hospital to provide qualified oriental nursing. Its specific purposes are as follows. 1) To analyse the objective's necessity to the oriental nursing intervention, knowledge and practice. 2) To analyse the correlation between the oriental nursing intervention, knowledge and practice. Method: The design of the study is a narrative investigation-research. The objectives of the study composed of 288 RNs having more than a three-year-experience, working for the university oriental medicine hospital. The tool of the study comprised of 194 questionnaires with the reliability of Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.95$. The data were collected from Dec. 11. 2002 to Feb. 20, 2003 and computerized by SPSS program. Result: The necessity of oriental nursing intervention of nurses working in the oriental hospital showed 3.60 measured by 5-scale-measurement, 2.69 in knowledge and .24 in practice measured by 1-scale-measurement. Conclusion: The oriental nursing intervention on site showed high necessity, moderate knowledge and low practice recommending a continuous education comprised of regular nursing education and in-service program.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2006

Purpose: To identify the agreed opinion of experts on oriental health promotion services and nursing in Korea. Method: The study is based on the 3-round Delphi method. As a Delphi panel, a total of 28 people with at least three years of experience in the area of oriental medicine consisted of this. Results: The experts suggested that Yangsaeng, lectures on prevention of CVA, correct understanding of the misuse/abuse of oriental medicine, daily health care, meridian/acupoints massage, and Kigong therapy should be included in the promoting oriental health nursing servies. Conclusion: The agreed opinions by the experts on the oriental health promotion services and nursing, can help enhance the understanding of oriental health promotion. The curriculum should be developed further and tested with the development of the Korean oriental nursing intervention methods which is appropriate to Korean culture.