• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.28-48
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• 2001

1. Background and Purpose Since ${\ulcorner}$Dongri Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ was published in 1929, it had great effects on the publications related to Sasang Constitutional Medicine. However there had been no practical research or its applications about ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ at all in spite of its importance. So through the study on the ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ we highly intend to utilize the book. 2. Methods In this dissertation, you'll find our research of ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ regarding the author, the people who were involved in the publishing, the formations and the contents, our another research of ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun Chebang${\lrcorner}$(東醫四象新編劑方) to make its medical characteristics and meaning clear. 3. Results and Conclusion 1) Won Chi Sang was Chang Bong Young's granduncle's son-in-law. Nam Dae-hee is suspected of Nam Tae-hee who lived in YeoJu Bam Gol at that time though, it's not certain. 2) ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ is consisted of two pans. ${\ulcorner}$The Internal part${\lrcorner}$ is the basic explanation and ${\ulcorner}$The External part${\lrcorner}$, is the prescriptions depending on the symptoms. ${\ulcorner}$Sasang Byunron${\lrcorner}$,(四象辯論) is mostly that's for the explanations about analysis of Sasang Constitution. ${\ulcorner}$Sasang Kyunghum${\lrcorner}$(四象經驗) is mainly it's for the prescriptions depends on Sasangin's symptoms. ${\ulcorner}$Sasang Kukyul${\lrcorner}$(四象口訣), ${\ulcorner}$Tong Sasang Changbu Sochaedo${\lrcorner}$(通四象臟腑所在圖), ${\ulcorner}$Tong Sasang Chunche Sosokdo${\lrcorner}$(通四象全體所屬圖) are about the analysis of Sasangin's characteristics from metaphysical concepts to Changbustic concepts. In ${\ulcorner}$Sasangin oyak${\lrcorner}$(四象人要藥), among them, 10 types of medicines were categorized separately by constitutional difference in ${\ulcorner}$Dongui Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$Dongmu Youg${\lrcorner}$(東武遺槁). The unique style of ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Yongyak Huebun${\lrcorner}$(東醫四象用藥索分) is originated from ${\ulcorner}$Bangyak Happyun${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner}$Euibang Whaltu${\lrcorner}$(${\ulcorner}$方藥合編${\lrcorner}$${\ulcorner}$醫方活套${\lrcorner}$), ${\ulcorner}$Whaltu Chimsun${\lrcorner}$,(${\ulcorner}$方藥合編${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner}$活套鎭線${\lrcorner}$). 3) There are 293 prescriptions in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun Chebang${\lrcorner}$. 36 out of 44 prescriptions in ${\ulcorner}$Gapont${\lrcorner}$(甲午本) are quoted in ${\ulcorner}$kyunghumbang${\lrcorner}$. Therefore it could be very possible that those unknown prescriptions in ${\ulcorner}$Kyunghumbang${\lrcorner}$ can be from lee Je Ma. 4) We are assumed that ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ was made by some other doctors not from one single person, based on Lee Je Ma's prescriptions, after Lee Je Ma died. ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ is very different from ${\ulcorner}$Dongeyi Suse Bowon${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Dongmu Yougo${\lrcorner}$(東武遺稿). ${\ulcorner}$Chobonkwun${\lrcorner}$(草本卷) by lee Je Ma since it was published for utilizing Sasang Constitutional Medicine and medical practice not for the basic principles of Sasang Constitution by Lee Je Ma. Therefore it could be highly possible to look over the spirit of Sasang Constitution by lee Je-ma.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1996

사상의학은 사상인의 심신균형(心身均衛)을 추구하는 의학으로 사상인의 병중약리의 성립과정에서 나타난 추구정신은 아래와 같이 6가지로 요약되며 마지막으로 병중약리의 운영정신을 논하였다. 1. 형상의학(形象醫學)과 형증병증(形證病證)의 추구정신 사상의학은 기리형표(氣裏形表)의 정신에 입각한 형상의학(形象醫學)을 바탕으로 성정(性情), 체질증(體質證)과 체질병증(體質病證)을 확립하고 형증병증(形證病證)이라는 변증체계를 확립 적용한 의학이다. 2. 귀납적(簡納的) 방법과 실증적(實證的) 의학 사상의학은 의학의 학문적 발전 위에서 선현의 의학적 경험과 자신의 체험을 통해 귀납적 방법으로 형증병증(形證病證) 체계를 확립하고, 이 바탕으로 심신균형(心身均衛)을 위해 실증적(實證的)으로 전개하였다. 3. 사상의학은 인간(人間) 중심적 병리관을 바탕으로 한다. 기존 내경의학은 도가(道家)의 사상을 배경으로한 음양오행(陰陽五行)과 천인상용(天人相應)관계를 근간으로 하지만 사상의학은 유학(儒學)의 사상을 배경으로한 성정론(性情論)적 병리관과 윤리도덕(倫理道德)적 병리관이 근간이 된다. 4. 정기(正氣)중심의 병중약리의 추구정신 기존의학은 정사(正邪)의 보사(補瀉)를 치료의 원칙으로 삼았으나, 사상의학은 정기(正氣)를 중심으로 병사(病邪)에 대항하는 양상에 따라 순역(順逆)으로 나누고 정기 (正氣)의 승강완속(升降趣速)을 조절함에 치료의 주안점을 둔다. 5. 확대된 심신론(心身論)적 치료정신 질병은 성정(性情)을 바탕으로 유발되므로 육체적 병중의 치료외에 정신적 성정의 편차를 조절하는 것이 치료의 관건이 된다. 그리고 약물의 치료외에 생활의 양생을 통해 질병을 관리함으로써 치심치병(治心治病)을 통한 의학적 정기(醫學的 正己)를 세울 수 있는 것이다. 6. 예방과 양생의학의 추구정신 사상의학은 질병 이전에 생활속에서 정기(正己)를 통해 인격을 완성하고 질병을 예방하는 사회의학(社會醫學)으로서 개체의 질병관리를 보다 전개하여 사회적 건강을 추하는 의학이다. 이상과 같이 사상의학은 네 채질의 차등적(差等的) 병중약리를 적용하여 <중용(中庸)>의 "조화(調和), 조철(調節)" 정신과 "자율적 조절(自律的 調節)" 정신을 통한 심신균형(心身均衛)을 추구하는 의학이다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In Oriental medicine, certain foods may be beneficial or detrimental based on an individual's constitution; however, the scientific basis for this theory is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body constitution, based on the Sasang type of Korean traditional medical classification system, on the bioavailability of soy isoflavones of Cheonggukjang, a quick-fermented soybean paste. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A pilot study was conducted on 48 healthy Korean men to evaluate the bioavailability of isoflavone after ingestion of food based on constitution types classified by the Sasang typology. The participants were classified into the Taeeumin (TE; n = 15), Soyangin (SY; n = 15), and Soeumin (SE; n = 18) groups. Each participant ingested 50 g of Cheonggukjang per 60 kg body weight. Thereafter, blood was collected, and the soy isoflavone metabolites were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Ntrikinetic analysis of individual isoflavone-derived metabolites was performed. RESULTS: Our nutrikinetic analysis identified 21 metabolites derived from isoflavones in the blood samples from 48 healthy Korean men (age range, 21-29 years). Significant differences were observed in the time to maximum concentration (T_max) and elimination half-life (t_1/2) for nine metabolites among the three groups. The T_max and t_1/2 of the nine metabolites were higher in the SE group than in the other groups. Moreover, the absorption rates, as determined by the area under the plasma-level curve (AUC) values of intact isoflavone, were 5.3 and 9.4 times higher in the TE group than in the SY and SE groups, respectively. Additionally, the highest AUC values for phase I and II metabolites were observed in the TE group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that isoflavone bioavailability, following Cheonggukjang insgestion, is high in individuals with the TE constitution, and relatively lower in those with the SE and SY constitutions.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

In 2008, baby formula containing melamine was found to be responsible for a large outbreak of renal failure in infants in China. A total of 294,000 infants were hospitalized, and at least 6 babies died due to ingestion of the tainted formula. Melamine contains high levels of nitrogen (>60%), which is used as an indicator of protein content. Therefore, high levels of melamine in infant formula were thought to be the result of deliberate contamination m an attempt to increase its apparent protein content. Following inspections by China's national inspection agency, assorted products from at least 22 dairy manufacturers across China were found to have varied levels of melamine (range: 0.096196.61 mg/kg). Melamine co-exposure with cyanuric acid can induce acute melamine-cyanurate crystal nephropathy, which can lead to renal failure at much lower doses than if either compound were ingested alone. However, currently, there are very few data on melamine analogues other than cyanuric acid. At an expert meeting of the WHO and FAO held to review toxicological aspects of melamine and cyanuric acid on December 14, 2008, a new tolerable daily intake (TDI) of melamine was established that could be applied to the entire population, including infants. Therefore, a risk assessment of the various theoretical melamine contamination levels in infant formula and selected representative foods (other than infant formula and sole-source nutrition products) is urgently needed for Korean babies and children up to 7 years of age. Although the undetectable level regulation for infant formula may be low enough to guarantee the safety of babies under the age of 1 year (including premature babies), the melamine standard of 2.5 ppm for foods other than baby formula could be insufficient to protect the 95th percentile population aged 1~2 years because of this demographic's high consumption of milk, yogurt, and soy milk (hazard index = 1.79). Because TDIs are chronic values intended to protect an individual over his/her lifetime, occasional modest ingestion in excess of the TDI is not likely to be a health concern. However, children aged 1~2 years may have renal systems that are comparatively more sensitive to the crystallization of melamine and its analogues. Therefore, governmental jurisdictions may need to practice more prudent management of food items that could raise the melamine exposure for this population.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the association between Sasang constitution and type A/B personality. Method: The subjects for this study were 113 Korean adults living in Kangwon Province, the northeastern part of Korea. The data were collected from March 10 to April 13. 2002 using a structured questionnaire. The instrument for this study were QCSSII (Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Clsssification II) by Kim et al.(1996), and the Revised Type A/B personality by Eysenck & Fulker(1983). The data were analyzed through the SPSS 10.0 for Windows program using frequency, percentage, $x^2$-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The results of the study are as follows : 1. Of 113 Korean adults, the portion who were Taieum-in, Soeum-in, Soyang-in was 39.8%, 34.5%, 25.7% respectively. 2. For type A/B personality, mixed type was most common, 19.4% of the participants were of type B and 8.0%., type A. 3. For type A/B behavior, mixed type was most common at 47.8% and type A was 2.7%. 4. There were statistically significant differences in the Sasang constitutional type according to BMI (F=14.542, P<.001), and alcohol consumption (F=4.256, p<.018). 5. There were significant difference between type A/B Personality and BMI (F=3.592, P<.032). 6. The data shows correlations between BMI and amount smoked per day (r=2.74, P<.004), between BMI and alcohol consumption (r=-.303, p<.008), between BMI and Sasang constitutional type (r= -.592, p<.0001), between BMI and type A/B personality (r=285, p<.011), between amount smoked per day and alcohol consumption (r= .-361, p<.001). between alcohol consumption and Sasang constitutional type (r=-.306, p<.019). between perceived health state and type A/A personality (r= .246, p<.011). Conclusion: According to the above findings, it can be concluded that further research is need to understand the Sasang constitution for the discipline of Nursing and for nurses to prepare nursing protocols relevant to Sasang constitutional care. Also, Sasang constitution has to be considered in research and practice in the health care delivery system.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.58-72
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• 2001

A Cerebrovascular accident(CVA), or Stroke is a medical emergency that occurred when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or blocked. The stroke causes physical function disorder due to hemiparalysis and emotional disorder. Also the stroke patients experience helplessness, powerlessness, sense of alienation and loss of hope. These feelings make the rehabilitation difficult because they lose the will of life. The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between perceived social support and hope of stroke survivors. The subjects for this study were 100 out-patients with stroke in one general hospital and oriental medicine hospital located in Mokpo. The data were analysed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA. Duncan test, Pearson's correlation, using the SPSS WIN 9.0 program. Data were collected from July 11 to September 9, 2000, using a structured questionnaire. The instruments used for this study : The social support scale developed by Park, Ji-won(1985) and the hope scale developed by Miller(1988). The results were as follows. 1. It was found that the higher the degree of perceived social support, the higher the degree of hope(r=.726, p=.000). Therefore hypothesis was supported. 2. The mean score of perceived social support was 77.8(SD=21.0) with a score range from 27.0 to 104.0. 3. The mean score of perceived hope was 117.0(SD=25.7) with a score range from 57.0 to 160.0. 4. The level of social support depending on general characteristics were significantly different in variables such as marital status(t=3.131, p=.010). degree of income satisfaction(F=16.027, p=.000). 5. The level of hope depending on general characteristics were significantly different in variables such as marital status(t=2.681, p=.040). current job(t=-2.055, p=.043) degree of income, satisfaction(F=11.363, p=.000). For these subjects, there was a significant relationship between social support and hope. The stroke survivors need social support to inspire their hope. Nurses should plan interventions to enhance social support for patients with stroke. The above results may be used as the basic data to seek more efficient way of elevating nursing practice and rehabilitation for the patients with stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.109-121
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• 1991

농촌지역 성인의 요통 유병율과 요통 치료형태를 조사하기 위하여 1991년 4월 1일부터 20일 까지 경상북도 안동군 서후면에 거주하고 있는 만 20세에서 59세 사이 남${\cdot}$여 주민 총 2,024명을 대상으로 가정방문하여 면담이 완료된 1,106명을 대상으로 분석하였다. 면담된 1,l06명 중 530명이 요통을 경험하여 기간 유병율이 $47.9\%$였는데 연령교정한 남자의 유병율은 $43.7\%$, 여자는 $52.3\%$로 남여간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.005). 요통환자들의 요통 경과양상은 재발성이 남여 각각 $57.0\%,\;55.2\%$로 가장 높았고, 만성이 $28.9\%,\;35.8\%$, 급성미 $14.1\%,\;9.0\%$였다. 요통원인은 '원인은 잘 모르겠으나 나이가 들면서' $48.1\%$, '일을많이 해서' $15.1\%$, '외부의 물리적 충격'이 $11.3\%$ 등이었다. 요통환자 가운데 요통으로 일상생활을 제대로 못하거나 누워서 생활하는 사람이 $2.5\%$, 1시간 이상서 있거나 걸을 수 없는 사람이 $12.5\%$나 되었다. 요통환자의 $56.6\%$는 요통진단을 받기 위해 의료기관을 이용한 적이 없었고 $31.3\%$ 는 병${\cdot}$의원을 이용하였다. 아무 진단을 받지 않은 이유는 '별로 심하지 않고 견딜만 해서'가 $75.7\%$였다. 요통 치료양상은 첫번째 치료로 약물치료와 물리치료를 받은 경우가 남여 각각 $34.1\%,\;36.3\%$였고, 두 번째 치료로는 한약을 제일 많이 이용했고, 세번째 치료로는 침술을 제일 많이 이용했다. 요통환자들의 $15.5\%$가 민속요법을 사용한 경험이 있는데 그 내용을 '익모초를 삶아서 즙을 마셨다'. '닭 삶은, 국물에 소주를 섞어 마셨다'는 등 35가지로 다양하였다. 본 연구결과로 요통이 농촌주민들에게 중요한 보건문제임을 알 수 있었고, 요통이 발생하여도 병${\cdot}$의원을 이용한 사람은 3분의 1밖에 되지 않았고, 비과학적인 치료법을 많이 사용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 합리적인 요통치료법에 관한 보건교육 실시와 비과학적인 민속요법의 모용과 남용으로 인한 부작용과 의료비의 낭비를 막기 위한 홍보활동이 요구된다.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제72호
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• pp.365-400
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• 2018

10천간 12지지를 합성한 60개의 서수부호(序數符號)로 각각의 연월일시를 표현하였던 간지(干支) 책력(冊曆)에서의 그 기호는, 동양의 전통 의학(醫學) 분야에서 발병과 치료에 영향을 미치는 요인의 표식으로 쓰였을 뿐만 아니라, 여러 술수(術數) 분야에서의 길흉화복(吉凶禍福) 예단 지표로도 사용되었다. 이 간지력(干支曆) 부호를 기준으로 삼은 많은 술수 이론들이 한대(漢代) 이전까지 상당부분 갖추어졌던 것에 반해, '그것이 그렇게 된' 근원적 원리에 대한 이후의 책력학적 논의는 찾아보기 어렵다. 세성(歲星)(목성)이 황도대의 12개 '자리[차(次)]' 중에서 어느 곳에 있는 것인지로 그 한 해의 연명(年名)이 정해지는 천체력 기년 방식에는, 크게 세성기년법(歲星紀年法) 태세기년법(太歲紀年法) 간지기년법(干支紀年法) 등이 있다. 태세기년법과 명칭만 다를 뿐 실제로는 동일한 기년법이라 할 수 있는 간지기년법에서는 다시 세 가지 이상의 방식이 존재하며, 그 중 하나가 한대(漢代) 이래로 현재까지 중국과 우리나라 등지에서 끊김 없이 사용되고 있는 것이다. 2018년 올해의 간지 연명이 무술(戊戌)이 된 것은 순전히 '우연'에 의한 것이었다. 따라서 본 논의에서 필자는, 연월일시의 간지 부호를 가지고 고유 이론들을 구성하는 각종 전통 술수 분야에서 이에 대한 자각의 필요성을 역설(力說)하였다. 만 12년에 조금 못 미치는 목성의 1주천(周天) 주기 때문에, 천여 년에 한 번씩 약 85년 동안만 '황도대에서의 세성(歲星) 위차(位次)'와 '12지지(地支) 부호(符號)의 연명(年名)'이 서로 부합되는 상황이 펼쳐지는데, 최근의 수십 년이 그 시기가 됨을 확인하였다. 아울러서 28수(宿)를 바라보는 적절한 방법에 대해서도 함께 논하였다. 간지 책력이 각종 술수는 물론 전통 의술의 이론적 기반과도 결부된 것이니 만큼, 고대(古代) 천체력(天體曆)의 근원적 이론에 대한 심도 있는 연구는, 동양 전통 학문과 문화의 계승 발전 차원에서도 결코 소홀히 넘길 수 없는 일이다.