• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2013

Environmental medicine has interest in the effect of natural environment on the human health. Nature is usually understoodas' sky(天)' and 'earth(地)' which implies the harmony of humankind and nature(天地相應). As can be shown above, environment concept is the basic in Korean Medicine which originate in "Huangdi's Internal Classic" as clear medical form. According to "Huangdi's Internal Classic" man ought to abide by the nurturing 'Tao(道)' which is the way of life. This can be explained as the principle of balance, specially of yin(陰) and yang(陽) as is represented by the transformation of the energies from the universe. Life through the four seasons is also referred in the classic upon when four different climates have some effect on people, and the regional effect on health is also written there. Under the strict modem view, the achievement of the classic in the field of environmental medicine may be treated as primitive, but it was induced through long-term observation, so that once was state-of-the-art result at that time. But to solve the intrinsic weak points in traditional environmental medicine and also to harmonize with modern science to contribute to national health, the way of modem research can be applied to traditional concept on environmental medicine. Natural scientific approach is to avoid superstition and incantation. Strict method approach is to enhance accuracy and reliance in clinical observation. Overall, predictability can help develop the effectiveness and efficiency of diagnosis, treatment, recurrence, and prevention in environmental disease with holy method of Korean Medicine.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2013

Objective : Syndrome differentiation(辨證) has clinical importance in East Asian Traditional Medicine. There are several ways for Syndrome differentiation. However, Eight Principle Pattern Identification(八綱辨證) is the base of other Syndrome differentiations. Of the physicians focused on Eight Principle Patterns(八綱), I have researched for Eight Principle Pattern Identification concerning with Zhang Jie-Bin(張介賓), Cheng Guo-Peng(程國彭), and Jiang Han-Tun(江涵暾) in Ming(明) and Qing(淸.) Method : Applying to Eight Principle Pattern Identification, I have researched comparatively for 3 kinds for. First, Zhang Jie-Bin's Jingyuequanshu(景岳全書) that involves Yinyangpian(陰陽篇), Liubianbian(六變辨), Biaozhengpian(表證篇), Lizhengpian(裏證篇), Xushipian(虛實篇), and Hanrepian(寒熱篇), secondly, Cheng Guo-Peng's Yixuexinwu(醫學心悟) Hanrexushibiaoliyinyangbian(寒熱虛實表裏陰陽辨), at lastly Jiang Han-Tun's Bihuayijing(筆花醫鏡) Biaolixushihanreyinyangbian(表裏虛實寒熱辨). Results : All of sick cases can be explained totally by Eight Principle Patterns. Of Eight Principle Patterns, Yin(陰) and Yang(陽) include last Six Principle Patterns(六綱 : 表裏, 寒熱, 虛實). Six Principle Patterns can be divided normally by 6 pulses(六脈 : 浮沈 遲數 虛實). In all of pain cases, feeling comfortable(可按) or discomfortable(拒按) to palpation can be important foundation for distinguishing Xu(虛) from Shi(實). Physical constitution(體質) for Hanre Xushi(寒熱 虛實) and tongue-diagnosis(舌診) for Biaoli Hanre(表裏 寒熱) are used effectively. Related with tongue-diagnosis, tongue-coating(舌苔) for Biaoli and tongue status(舌質) for Hanre are used effectively. Symptoms should be divided following this sequence, Biaoli ${\rightarrow}$ Hanre ${\rightarrow}$ Xushi and lastly should be summarized of Yinyang. Conclusion : Diagnosing with Eight Principle Patterns, digestive function, urine, and feces should be checked at first. In addition, the pulse, tongue, physical constitution, and good or bad from palpation(觸診), these should be checked and give a result. And then the result can be an important evidence of syndrome differentiation. As a result, it would be the best to diagnosis that discriminating the sequence as Biaoli Hanre Xushi and summarizing with Yinyang.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-110
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• 1998

1. Purpose : This study is a try for making a historical examinatiom of the symptom, principal medicinal substances and prescription of Soyangin Bisoohan-Pyohan disease. 2. Methods : I have examined the changes of the recognition of symptom and the history of the development of prescription by comparing the exterior syndrome of Soyangin, related prescription and principal medicinal substances quoted in "DongYi-Soose-Bowon" with past original texts and "DongYi Bogam". 3. Results and Conclusion : Lee Je-Ma adopted most of the exterior syndrome of Soyangin from Zhang Zhong-jung's "Shanghanlun". But he adopted only a few medicinal substances for prescription and most of prescriptions written after the Song period. The prescriptions for Soyangin Bisoohan-Pyohan disease are fundamentally composed of medicinal substances to lower yinqi and to eliminate the heat of thoracic part caused acording to the degree of symptom and medicinal substances to strengthen damaged yinqi are added to the prescriptions.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2024

Purpose : This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of laser acupuncture for each condition using information from laser acupuncture trials registered on clinicaltrials.gov from January 2013 to June 2023. Methods : We quantitatively and qualitatively analysed the results of 16 clinical trials of laser acupuncture whose research results were confirmed. A risk of bias assessment was also carried out to assess the quality of each clinical trial. Results : A meta-analysis including three clinical trials was conducted to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of laser acupuncture and sham laser acupuncture in reducing pain and found that the laser acupuncture group had a statistically significant reduction in pain compared with the sham laser acupuncture group. In addition, 11 of the 13 trials not included in the meta-analysis showed a positive effect of laser acupuncture. Conclusion : Although laser acupuncture has a long history of clinical use and a lot of research, there is still some scepticism due to the lack of a clear mechanism of action and inconsistent reports of clinical effectiveness. In addition, there is a significant lack of systematic reviews of clinical evidence for major disease specific, and ongoing research is needed to establish an objective evidence base for the clinical effectiveness of laser acupuncture.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.163-179
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• 2013

Objectives : After analyzing the proficiency of medical communication of the students in College of Korean Traditional Medicine using standardized patients, we suggests ways to improve clinical practice in the future class and medical communication curriculum development. Methods : 20 students before clinical practice class (3rd grade) and 20 students after 1 year clinical practice class (4th grade) participated and did their medical interview on Standardized patient. They were evaluated on patient-physician communication skills by standardized patients and professor evaluator. In addition to be evaluated on patient-physician relationship, medical interview skills by professor evaluator. Results : As follows in the evaluation of clinical practice with standardized patients 1. More than half of the participated students regardless of their grade received poor score in their medical communication evaluated by SP(Standardized patient) and PE(Professor evaluator). 2. Greeting, History taking parts were higher in the 4th students who received 1 year clinical practice class, but verbal-nonverbal response, voice tone parts were higher in the 3rd students who do not received clinical practice lesson. 3. Pronunciation&Voice tone parts were higher in the male students but, gathering information part was higher in the female students. Conclusions : We think that the current clinical practice lessons are insufficient as a way to learn and improve medical knowledge and medical communication skills, and it is necessary a new form of clinical practice class. Participatory lesson using standardized patient could be a good alternative of that in the future class.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study is to assess the communication and medical interview level of the students in the college of korean traditional medicine using Standardized Patients(SP). Method : 35 students of 5th grade in the college who are doing their clinical practice class participated and conducted medical interview on standardized infertile female patient. SP and professor who observed the interview evaluated the students' communication skill and medical interview level using the assessment sheet composed of 23 questions. Results : 1. Satisfaction of SP was 1.66 of 3. In the communication section, students conducted well in appropriate voice and no inappropriate interruption but they didn't show good practice in considerate physical examination, understandable explanation relatively. 2. The scores that were acquired by students in informing the time required, obtaining agreement at initiating and closing, family history taking, checking mental status and physical examination 2 were low in the medical interview section. 3. There were some differences in the communication and medical interview scores by the students' sex (p<.01), age(p<.05) and medical camp experience(p<.05). But we couldn't find any evidence about the relation between character type and the communication and medical interview scores(p>.62). Conclusion : On the whole, students who participated this study had difficulties in building relationship with patient and conducting medical interview. They need to improve their ability in those fields by appropriate education before their graduation.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.45-60
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• 2018

Background : There have been a variety of healthcare systems related to CAM practitioners developed in each country. However, the European cases have not been widely introduced in Korea so far. In the case of Germany, CAM practices have been developed in the frame of "Heilpraktiker" system. Objectives : The objectives of this study were to review the historical development and current situation of German Heilpraktiker system and its conflicting relationship with Western medical doctors, in order to utilize it as basic data for the conflict resolution between Western- and KM doctors in Korea. Methods : The historical development, current regulations and education system of Heilpraktiker were assessed. Research articles, reports, government publications and websites dealing with this issue were searched for and analyzed. Results : Heilpraktiker system was developed within German historical and cultural situation where naturopathic traditions were reilluminated in connection with modernization process of the state under the influence of romanticism formulating German nationalism. Between the concept of "Kurierverbot"(prohibition on medical treatment by non-physicians) and "Kurierfreiheit"(freedom of medical treatment), Heilpraktiker achieved a limited but legitimated right to conduct non-biomedical treatments from the state in the process of the formulation of modern German medical system. In this process, the conflicts between medical doctors and heilpraktikers have been also growing up to now. Conclusions : Heilpraktiker system, officially recognized with the legislation of Heilpraktiker law in 1939, stands at a crossroads between the continual development through strengthening its professionality, and abolition of the system due to its lack of quality control and medical evidence mostly argued by Western medical doctors, which has considerable implications for Korean situations in terms of the conflicting relationship between KM- and Western medical doctors. In this regard, it is necessary to discuss the debates on the concept "Kurierfreiheit"(freedom of medical treatment) developed within German tradition of medical pluralism.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2011

In the 18th century, Xu Lingtai (徐靈胎) and Yoshimasu Todo (吉益東洞) were medical revolutionaries. They emphasized researches about synthesis of formulae, efficacy of medication and observation and then classification of clinical phenomena, so they assumed a modern scientific character. But, there were clear differences between their academic thoughts. In this paper, we examine the causes of difference in three fields, i.e. traditional culture, viewpoints of talented people and academic personality. The first, difference was due to traditional culture. Chinese medicine has a long history and heavy traditional culture. Yin-Yang (陰陽) theory, Five Phase(五行) theory, Viscera and Bowels (臟腑) theory and Meridian and Collateral (經絡) theory stemmed from everyday practice, and Chinese people learn these theories from experience and observation. From the standpoint of Chinese people, particularly scholarly doctors [儒醫] such as Xu Lingtai, it was easy to debate medical theories. In contrast, Japanese traditional culture didn't have as long a history as China. Thus as a necessity, it was harder to disseminate traditional Chinese medicine theories in Japan. Yoshimasu Todo simplified it by cutting out the superfluous traditional Chinese medicine theory, so at that time it must have been shocking to the Japanese medical world's trends. The second, difference was due to viewpoints of talented experts. From the standpoint of Xu Lingtai, above all, medicine is just a learning, only a kind of technique, even more not a means of living. Xu Lingtai was concerned with the appearance of very talented experts such as 'great man' (偉人), and 'exceptional man' (奇士) who carried out medical research. Instead of cultivating a few talented people, Yoshimasu Todo tried to produce a large number of clinicians quickly who could treat ordinary people. The third was due to personality difference. As Xu Lingtai threw away Confucianism and studied medicine in his youth, although he had a critical attitude, he was always mild-mannered. Yoshimasu Todo always had a clearly critical and rebellious nature. Personality influenced their literary spirit and learning style, so although both advocated reactionism, the academic thought of Xu Lingtai was reformative and mild, while that of Yoshimasu Todo was revolutionary and fierce. Xu Lingtai and Yoshimasu Todo had considerably similar research domains and academic thought, so it is proper for them both to serve as examples for making a comparative study of medical history in China and Japan in 18th century.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2008

The Taekwondo is the martial arts where possibility thousand Ul of history and the ancestor is put in with specific martial arts of our nation. Also it practiced with the self defense martial arts which rules over the body and a mind and it came, the country from crisis of imminent danger won a victory with the good state affair alcoholic beverage and it was come. The ancestors condition anger the Taekwondo where the soul is put in were born again with martial arts of the world and they became and the world-wide conference was adopted with the Olympic formal item which becomes the historian of of course sports and became the martial arts in the world-wide center. In like this features martial arts even from each country condition anger and the sports raises the phase of the country is racing with of course martial arts. Specially from China it makes the right shoe which is a Chinese martial arts with condition item and sports anger the features of the martial arts origination to do and there is a possibility of seeing the features which in the succession nose sleeping martial arts perforation defends it concentrates. The martial arts perforation character is letting in religion and philosophy thought of the Orient. Confucianism and Buddhism, it puts in the teaching of friendship thoughts and heaven and earth positive and negative principles, five lines and eight divination signs. Features of like this perforation our ancestors the positive and negative principles where the philosophy of the Orient is put in, there is a possibility of searching from life and the Taekwondo which it does with at five events together. With history of the ancestor it breathes together and all Taekwondo operation every one by one it puts in the thought of our ancestors as well. The some branch it tried to listen to the representative example which the feather holds hereupon in basic operation, the Taoist garment, the belt and width tax of Taekwondo. The flesh which is healthy in the spirit which is healthy holds the feather. Taekwondo Oh! as the true feelings one martial art which accomplishes the artificial flower of the dynamic thing and the static thing at end with the perforation essentially it is deep it will be able to confirm repeatedly fire tube characteristic.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2009

Seonya theory(宣夜說) was one of the most important metagalaxy model in the ancient times. Unlike the other important metagalaxy model, it had the concept that the sky is not in the solid state but is just the infinite space which is full of gi(氣). But Seonya theory, though it had partially the superb academic thought, it had gradually become the forgotten thing among scholars in the ancient times. Since then, once forgotten Seonya theory was reconstructed again in Song(宋) dynasty, and Jangjae(張載) did the main role at that time. In the historical sequence like this, we need to take notice of one thing that "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)" had worked on Jangjae as the origin of his sunya theory. So we also need to take notice of one thing that "Hwangjenaegyeong" is just a rare document that comprises the academic thought of Seonya theory which had once been forgotten in ancient times. Based on the historical situation like this, this study is focused on the idea that the discuss on the Jangjae's Seonya theory would be a good way to think of the cosmic theory of "Hwangjenaegyeong" and the theoretical thought derived from them. So this study will first look into the academic characteristics of Seonya theory of ancient times and of "Hwangjenaegyeong" and through the study on the academic characteristics of Jangjae(張載)'s Seonya theory, will also think of the significance of the thought of Jangjae's Seonya theory that would be some help to the research on "Hwangjenaegyeong".