• 제목/요약/키워드: Organophosphorus

검색결과 223건 처리시간 0.028초

Comparison of the Organophosphorus Hydrolase Surface Display Using InaVN and Lpp-OmpA Systems in Escherichia coli

  • Karami, Ali;Latifi, Ali Mohamad;Khodi, Samaneh
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.379-385
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of an engineered Escherichia coli to degrade chlorpyrifos (Cp) using an organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme, encoded in both Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551 or Pseudomonas diminuta, by employing the Lpp-OmpA chimera and the N-terminal domain of the ice nucleation protein as anchoring motifs. Tracing of the expression location of the recombinant protein using SDS-PAGE showed the presentation of OPH by both anchors on the outer membrane. This is the first report on the presentation of OPH on the cell surface by Lpp-OmpA under the control of the T7 promoter. The results showed cell growth in the presence of Cp as the sole source of energy, without growth inhibition, and with higher whole-cell activity for both cells harboring plasmids pENVO and pELMO, at approximately 10,342.85 and 10,857.14 U/mg, respectively. Noticeably, the protein displayed by pELMO was lower than the protein displayed by pENVO. It can be concluded that Lpp-OmpA can display less protein, but more functional OPH protein. These results highlight the high potential, of both engineered bacteria, for use in the bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated sources in the environment.

Biodegradation of Organophosphate Pesticide Using Recombinant Cyanobacteria with Surface- and Intracellular-Expressed Organophosphorus Hydrolase

  • Chungjatupornchai, Wipa;Fa-Aroonsawat, Sirirat
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권5호
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    • pp.946-951
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    • 2008
  • The opd gene, encoding organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) from Flavobacterium sp. capable of degrading a wide range of organophosphate pesticides, was surface- and intracellular-expressed in Synechococcus PCC7942, a prime example of photoautotrophic cyanobacteria. OPH was displayed on the cyanobacterial cell surface using the truncated ice nucleation protein as an anchoring motif. A minor fraction of OPH was displayed onto the outermost surface of cyanobacterial cells, as verified by immunostaining visualized under confocal laser scanning microscopy and OPH activity analysis; however, a substantial fraction of OPH was buried in the cell wall, as demonstrated by proteinase K and lysozyme treatments. The cyanobacterial outer membrane acts as a substrate (paraoxon) diffusion barrier affecting whole-cell biodegradation efficiency. After freeze-thaw treatment, permeabilized whole cells with intracellular-expressed OPH exhibited 14-fold higher bioconversion efficiency ($V_{max}/K_m$) than that of cells with surface-expressed OPH. As cyanobacteria have simple growth requirements and are inexpensive to maintain, expression of OPH in cyanobacteria may lead to the development of a low-cost and low-maintenance biocatalyst that is useful for detoxification of organophosphate pesticides.

유기인 계열 독성화합물 분해를 위한 촉매반응의 최신 연구 동향 (Recent Trend in Catalysis for Degradation of Toxic Organophosphorus Compounds)

  • 계영식;정근홍;김동욱
    • 공업화학
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.513-522
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    • 2019
  • 유기물질, 전이금속 및 유기-금속 구조체(MOFs)를 기반으로 하는 촉매들이 유기인 계열 독성물질들을 분해하고 제거하는데 효과적임이 보고되어 왔다. 최근 20년간 독성물질 분해연구를 위해 다공성 MOFs들이 응용 목적에 맞게 디자인되고 합성되었다. $Zr_6$ 기반의 금속노드와 유기결합체를 가지는 MOFs들은 세공크기, 공극률, 표면적, Lewis acidic 자리 그리고 열적 안정성 등과 같은 기본구조내의 변형이 가능하기 때문에 화학작용제, 살충제 및 제초제를 제거하는 촉매로 널리 사용되어왔다. 본 리뷰에서는 구조, 안정성, 입자크기, 연결된 리간드 수, 유기 기능기 등에 따른 MOFs들의 촉매효율과의 연관성을 다루게 될 것이다.

강원도 고랭지대 배추경작지 배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella L.)의 유기인계 및 카바메이트계 살충제에 대한 저항성 발달 (Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) resistance to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in Kangwon alpine vegetable croplands)

  • 조준모;김경주;김성문;한대성;허장현
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.30-35
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    • 2001
  • 강원도 고랭지대 배추경작지에서는 동일한 살충제가 매년 수회씩 연용되고 있으며, 여러 살충제의 혼용살포로도 배추좀나방 방재가 어려운 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 실험의 목적은 강원도 고랭지대 배추경작지에서 발생하는 배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella L.)에 대한 유기인계 및 카바메이트계 살충제의 저항성 발달 정도를 구명하는데 있다. 강원도 계촌, 장평, 태백, 춘천, 홍천의 배추경작지에서 발생한 배추좀나방을 채집하여 유기인계 살충제인 chlorpyrifos, diazinon, fenitrothion, profenofos, phenthoate, flupyrazofos와 카바메이트계 살충제인 carbofuran, befuracarb, furathiocrb에 대한 $LC_{50}$을 감수성종과 비교하여 저항성 발달정도를 검정하였다. 유기인계 살충제인 chlorpyrifos에 대한 태백종과 홍천종의 $LC_{50}$은 216.9 ppm과 589.0 ppm으로 감수성종의 $LC_{50}$인 6.25 ppm과 비교하여 각각 35배와 94배 높았고, fenitrothion에 대한 태백종과 홍천종의 $LC_{50}$은 각각 240.3 ppm과 960.1 ppm으로 감수성종의 $LC_{50}$ 3.9 ppm과 비교하여 70배와 254배 높았으며, profenofos에 대한 춘천종의 $LC_{50}$ 39.2 ppm은 감수성종의 $LC_{50}$ 1.1 ppm과 비교하여 37배 높았다. 그러나 diazinon, phenthoate, flupyrazofos에 대한 감수성종과 포장종의 $LC_{50}$에는 차이가 거의 없었다. 카바메이트계 살충제의 경우 befuracarb에 대해서만 저항성이 나타났는데, befuracarb에 대한 춘천중의 $LC_{50}$은 257.8 ppm으로 감수성종의 $LC_{50}$ 13.34 ppm과 비교하여 19배 높았다. 본 실험의 결과는 약제간, 지역간차이는 있었으나 강원도 고랭지 배추 재배지에서 발생하는 배추좀나방이 일부 유기인계 및 카바메이트계 살충제에 대하여 저항성이 발달되었다는 것을 시사한다.

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국내 미등록 유기인계 농약의 수입 농식품에 대한 다성분 잔류분석법 (Multiresidue Analysis Method for Determination of Unregistered Organophosphorus Pesticides in Korea for Imported Agri-Food)

  • 전영환;황정인;안지운;김효영;도정아;오재호;황인균;임무혁;이중근;이영득;김장억
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.277-285
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    • 2012
  • 외국으로부터 수입되는 농식품에 대하여 국내에 미등록 된 유기인계 농약 aspon, chlorthion, chlorthiophos, crotoxyphos, demeton-O, demeton-S, demeton-S-methyl, dioxathion, heptenophos, iodofenphos, leptophos, methyl-trithion, propetamphos 및 sulfotep 등 14종에 대한 안전성 평가를 위하여 다성분 잔류분석법을 확립하고자 하였다. 잔류분석법은 식품의약품안전청에서 고시한 다종농약다성분 동시분석법-제2법에 잘 적용되었다. 수입 농산물의 대표 시료로 선정된 현미와 오렌지에 대한 유기인계 농약 14종 대한 잔류분석법의 밸리데이션을 실시한 결과 특이성, 직선성, 정확성, 정밀성 및 정량한계 수준을 만족시키는 것으로 나타났다. 단지 crotoxyphos의 경우는 기기상의 정량한계가 낮아서 저농도에서의 회수율은 좋지 않은 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 확립된 다성분 잔류분석법은 수입 농산물 중 crotoxyphos를 제외한 aspon 외 12종의 유기인계 농약에 대해 적용 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

Biodetoxification of Coumaphos Insecticide Using Immobilized Escherichia coli Expressing Organophosphorus Hydrolase Enzyme on Cell Surface

  • Mansee, Ayman H.;Chen, Wilfred;Mulchandani, Ashok
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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    • 제5권6호
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    • pp.436-440
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    • 2000
  • Recently, we reported an improved technology for the degradation of organophosphate nerve agents using whole cells of genetically engineered Escherichia coli that anchored and displayed the enzyme organophosphorus hydrolase on the cell surface. In this paper we report the immobilization of these cells on highly porous sintered glass beads and the subsequent application of the immobilized cell in a continuous-flow packed bed bioreactor for the biodetoxification of a widely used insecticide, coumaphos.

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The Synergistic Effect of Organophosphorus and Dithiocarbamate Ligands on Metal Extraction in Supercritical CO2

  • Koh, Moon-Sung;Park, Kwang-Heon;Yang, Doo-Hyun;Kim, Hak-Won;Kim, Hong-Doo
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.423-427
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    • 2005
  • The bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex-272) and sodium diethyl- dithiocarbamate (NaDDC) ligands were used to extract of metal ions ($Cd^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;Pb^{2+},\;Zn^{2+}$) in supercritical $CO_2$. Experiments showed a strong synergistic effect and better extraction efficiency if the two ligands were used together. In-situ UV-visible observation indicates that NaDDC in the water/supercritical $CO_2$ started to decompose slowly. The synergistic effect seems to come from the deprotonation of the organophosphorus ligand by amines from the decomposed NaDDC. The enhancing role of amines was confirmed using the mixture of Cyanex-272 and diethylamine(DEA) in the metal extraction.

Effect of organophosphorous pesticides as neuro-endocrine disruptors on the immune system of Balb/c mice

  • Kim, Hyung-Soo;Juno H. Eom;Chung, Seung-Tae;Park, Jae-Hyun;Kil, Jung-Hyun;Lee, Jong-Kwon;Oh, Hye-Young
    • 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.78-79
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    • 2003
  • Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides have largely replaced the use of organochlorine pesticides and have been widely used in agriculture and houses in recent years because of their rapid breakdown in water and their low environmental persistence. As a result, consumers are directly or indirectly exposed to organophosphorus pesticides through several food groups including meat, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, dried foods, and most processed food in which a significant amount of pesticide residues have been found.(omitted)

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Development of an ELISA for the Organophosphorus Insecticide Isofenphos

  • Park, Han-Jin;Park, Won-Chul;Jung, Tae-Owan;Rha, Choon-Sup;Lee, Yong-Tae
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.599-603
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    • 2002
  • A selective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the insecticide isofenphos was developed. Three different analogues (haptens) of isofenphos were synthesized and were coupled to carrier proteins through the pesticide thiophosphate group t o use as immunogens or coating antigens. Rabbits were immunized with one of the haptens coupled to BSA for production of polyclonal antibodies and the sera were screened against each of the other two haptens coupled to ovalbumin (OVA). Using the sera of highest specificity, an antigen-coated ELISA was developed, which showed an I50 of 96 ng/mL with the detection limit of 2 ng/mL. The antibodies showed negligible cross-reactivity with other organophosphorus pesticides and the phenol metabolite of isofenphos, which makes the developed assay suitable for the selective detection of isofenphos. An antibody-coated ELISA was also developed, which showed an I50 of 580 ng/mL with a detection limit of 70 ng/mL.

Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Organophorus Insecticide Bromophos

  • Park, Won-Cheol;Cho, Young-Ae;Kim, Yoo-Jung;Hammock, Bruce D.;Lee, Yong-Tae;Lee, Hye-Sung
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제23권10호
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    • pp.1399-1426
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    • 2002
  • A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantitative detection of the organophosphorus insecticide bromophos. Three bromophos analogues (haptens) were synthesized and were coupled to carrier proteins to use as immunogens or coating antigens. Rabbits were immunized with either one of two haptens coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) for production of polyclonal antibodies, and the sera were screened against one of the haptens coupled to ovalbumin (OVA). Using the serum with highest specificity and an enzyme tracer, an antibody-coated ELISA was developed, which showed an $IC_{50}$ of 40 ng/mL with a detection limit of 7 ng/mL. The antibodies in this assay showed negligible cross-reactivity with other organophosphorus pesticides except with the insecticides chlorpyrifos and fenitrothion.