• 농약과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.502-506
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• 2011

최근 국내외 환경규제를 강력히 받고 있는 잔류성 유기오염물질(POPs)의 농식품에 대한 잔류 허용기준은 설정되어 있으나, 천일염은 제조특성상 환경으로부터 이들 유해물질의 오염 가능성이 매우 높음에도 불구하고 지금까지 관련 조사 및 연구가 이루어지지 않았다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 천일염에 잔류 가능한 24종의 유기염소계 POPs(${\alpha}$-HCH 1, ${\beta}$-HCH 2, ${\gamma}$-HCH 3, ${\delta}$-HCH 4, trans-chlrodane 5, 2,4'-DDE 6, ${\alpha}$-endosulfan 7, cis-chlordane 8, 2,4'-DDD 9, endrin 10, ${\beta}$-endosulfan 11, 2,4'-DDT 12, endosulfan sulfate 13, HCB 14, aldrin 15, trans-nonachlor 16, 4,4'-DDE 17, dieldrin 18, 4,4'-DDD 19, cis-nonachlor 20, 4,4'-DDT 21, heptachlor 22, heptachlor epoxide 23 and mirex 24)를 대상으로 GC-ECD(DB-5, $30m{\times}250{\mu}m{\times}0.25{\mu}m$)를 활용한 정량분석을 실시하였다. 24종 POPs 물질의 retention time은 19.18 min의 ${\alpha}$-HCH를 시작으로 34.69 min의 mirex 순서로 검출되었으며, 각각의 peak간 간격은 최소 0.05 min 이상인 것으로 확인되었다. 이들 POPs의 LOQ는 0.003 ~ 0.033 ng/g 범위에서 확인되었고, 0.1 ng/g 수준에서 측정한 회수율은 60.9% ~ 120.8%로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 분석한 모든 천일염 시료에서 이들 POPs 물질이 정량한계 이상 검출된 시료는 없었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Residual organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are designated as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by Stockholm Convention because they bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effect to human health and the environment. Apple and pear is economic crop in agriculture, and its cultivation area and yield has been increased. Therefore, we tried to investigate the OCPs residue in apple and pear orchard soils and fruits. METHODS AND RESULTS: Extraction and clean-up method were developed using the modified QuEChERS method for residual organochlorine pesticides (ROCPs) in apple and pear orchard soil and fruits. Recovery and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of ROCPs in soil and fruits were 75.4-101.4 and 76.9-93.4%, 0.03-0.21 and $0.6-1.2{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. Detected ROCPs in apple and pear orchard soil was 2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDD, 4,4-DDE, 4,4-DDT, and endosulfan sulfate, the residues were 2.2, 1.9-48.0, 1.3-84.1, 90.6-863.1, and $11.3-239.0{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. But five pesticides in all fruit samples were not detected. CONCLUSION: These results showed that ROCPs residues in apple and pear orchard soil had no effect on safety of agricultural products.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2007년도 제48회 학술심포지움 및 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.81.2-81.2
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• 2007

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• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.634-640
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using HR-GC/MS for the rapid screening of dieldrin residues in soils. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) of organochlorine pesticides such as dieldrin, were analyzed in sedimentary rock and granite rock collected from greenhouses, Niigata, Japan. Dieldrin remains in Japanese farming soils, more than 40 years after their use as insecticides was prohibited. The averages in soil moisture ranged from 2.79% to 7.20% in soils derived from sedimentary rock and from 25.59% to 31.40% in soils derived from granite rock. Mean concentrations of dieldrin residues in sedimentary rock and granite rock were $39.7ng\;g^{-1}$ and $40.51ng\;g^{-1}$, respectively. Dieldrin residue was detected at a slightly higher concentration in granite rock than sedimentary rock samples. There was no consistency between the two soils or between surface and subsurface soils. The coefficients of variation of the two soils were 10.6% and 8.7%, respectively. These results suggest that our high-resolution mass spectrometry detector (HR-GC/MS) is effective at analyzing residual organochlorine pesticides in soil. In order to increase the precision and sensitivity for chemical analysis of POPs, high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with a HR-GC/MS is highly recommended.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제22권2호통권57호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2007

Gaseous organochlorine pesticides (OCPs : heptachlor epoxide, p, p'-DDE, ${\gamma}-HCH,\;{\alpha}-chlordane,\;{\gamma}-chlordane$ and trans-nonachlor) concentration was measured using PUF high volume sampler from June, 2000 to June, 2002 in the semi-rural atmosphere. The OCPs concentration in atmosphere, which is estimated by the slope (m) of Clausius-Clapeyron equation and phase-transition energy $({\Delta}H)$, was influenced by revolatilization from environmental matrix (soil, water and tree leaves) and a long range transportation of air mass. But the former affected OCPs concentration more than the latter. The degradation rate constants (k) of OCPs calculated using multiple regression analysis and revised standard temperature method were in good agreement each other. The value of k of ${\gamma}-HCH$ was very low as -0.0007, but the range of k of other components were $-0.00l8{\sim}-0.0038$. The half-life $({\tau})$ which was calculated by k of ${\gamma}-HCH$ was 2.6 years-the longest one, but that of heptachlor epoxide was in 0.5 year-the shortest one. $({\tau})\;of\;{\alpha}-chlordane,\;{\gamma}-chlordane$ and trans-nonachlor in technical chlordane was 1.0, 1.1 and 0.7 year respectively.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.425-433
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• 1987

모세관 컬럼을 사용한 기체크로마토그래피로 19종 유기염소제 농약의 분리를 검토하였고, 쌀에 첨가한 농약들의 회수율을 구하여 봄으로써 실제분석에 대한 본 방법의 응용 가능성을 조사하였다. SE-30과 OV-17모세관 컬럼의 분리를 비교하여 본 결과 OV-17 컬럼(25m ${\times}$ 0.20mm, 0.27${\mu}$m 두께)으로 분리가 잘되고 있으며, splitless방식으로 주입한 농약들의 머무른 시간과 봉우리 면적에 대한 상대표준 편차가 최대로 0.16%와 8.2%이었다. 쌀에 첨가된 농약의 회수율은 대부분 85%이상이었고 분석 결과에 대한 상대표준편차가 가장 큰 것이 11.4%로서 흔적량의 잔류농약분석에서 비교적 정밀도가 좋음을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.216-218
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• 1980

국내산 식물성(植物性) 기름 중 유기염소계 살초제(殺楚劑)의 잔류량(殘留量)을 평가하기 위하여 국내 주요도시에서 판매되는 1976년산 평지씨기름, 쌀겨기름, 참기름, 들기름 및 옥수수기름 43개 시료를 수집하여 기체크로마토그래피에 의하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 잔류수준(殘留水準)은 농약의 성분, 기름의 종류 및 생산지역에 따라 달리 나타났다. 각 잔류성분(殘留成分)의 전체기름에 대한 평균치는 total BHC 0.010 ppm, heptachlor 0.008 ppm, heptachlor epoxide 0.004ppm, aldrin <0.001 ppm, dieldrin 0.006 ppm, endrin 0.008 ppm, DDT 0.028 ppm이었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2011

BACKGROUD: ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$- Endosulfan isomers of endosulfan, an endocrine disrupting chemical, are widely used cyclodiene organochlorine pesticide in worldwide, and it has widespread application in agriculture and can contaminate river-system as runoff from soil or aerial deposition METHOD AND RESULTS: In this study, an attempt was made to isolate an endosulfan degrading fungus from endosulfan-polluted agricultural soil. Through repetitive enrichment and successive subculture in media containing endosulfan and its metabolites as the sole carbon source, a fungus designated KEF-1 was isolated. Based on phylogenetic analysis, strain KEF-1 was assigned to the genus Eutypella. Also, the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequences of KEF-1 were submitted to GenBank under accession number EF581006. In potato dextrose broth containing 8 ${\mu}g$/mL endosulfan, strain KEF-1 completely degraded the endosulfanin 12 days. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that Eutypella sp. KEF-1 has potential as a biocatalyst for endosulfan bioremediation

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2006

Six organophosphorus, one organochlorine, and three synthetic pyrethroid pesticides were analyzed for their residues during washing and hot-air drying of red peppers conducted in the production of powder. The residue ratio in organophosphorus pesticides was 33% in chlorpyrifos, 31 % in diazinon, 50% in methidathion, 80% in EPN, 28% in fenitrothion, and 60% in profenofos. The ratio in pyrethroids was 109% in cypermethrin, 102% in deltamethrin, and 106% in fenvalerate. That in organochlorine was 56% in ${\alpha}$-endosulfan and 90% in ${\beta}$-endosulfan. The results were greatly different between organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides. UV irradiation along with hot-air drying brought about a remarkable reduction of the residues, up to 70% as compared with hot-air drying only. The removal effect was most remarkable in pyrethroids, which are hardly removed by hot-air drying. The color of the pepper was not changed during UV irradiation. The use of oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide or chlorine dioxide during washing did not show a remarkable removal of residues. The residue ratio was not affected whether the pesticide is contaminated artificially or naturally.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2008

A comprehensive quality survey for heavy metals, organophosphorous and organochlorine residual pesticides, and coplanar PCBs in samples such as water, sediments and soils as well as spiders has been implemented. The samples were undertaken at nine stream sites and their vicinity in August 2006, representing different surrounding environments. The levels of PCBs were expressed as concentrations and WHO-TEFs. Among 12 coplanar PCBs as target compounds in this study, 2,3', 4,4', 5-PentaCB (IUPAC # 118) was the congener with the highest concentration. The total concentrations and TEF values of coplanar PCBs in Siheung stream sediment (heavy industrial complex site located in Ansan city) were 3915.50 pg/g and 0.8366 pg-TEQ/g on a dry weight basis, respectively. Such levels were around 40 times higher compared to sediment from Gapyung stream (green site located in the upper of Myunggi mountain). It is probably due to the direct input of PCBs trom PCBs treatment materials. Organophosphorous (EPN, dementon-s-methyl, diazinon, parathion, and phenthoate) and organochlorine (alpha-BHC, aldrin, 4,4'-DDT, 4,4'-DDE, endosulfan alpha and etc.) pesticides were not detected above 5 ppb of detection limits. The concentrations of Cu and Cd in water and sediment samples from Siheung stream were 44.11 and $0.17ug/m\ell$ and $713.42{\mu}g/g$ and $3.73{\mu}g/g$, respectively, which contained $20\sim40$ times higher concentrations than those from Gapyung stream. In addition to the water and sediment samples, the levels of heavy metals in spider from designated sampling sites were also determined. Heavy metals in spider collected near Siheung stream was appeared to be equivalent and/or a little higher levels with respect to other spiders. Furthermore, the ratio of relative heavy metals (Cu, Cd, and Pb) in spider from each stream site showed a correlation as similar as that of heavy metals in soil samples.