• Korean Security Journal
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• no.59
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• pp.217-242
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• 2019

Nowadays, Terrorism has become bloodier. Unlike the past, the recent terrorism has been indiscriminate in the purpose of mass- killing. Given this aspect, the threat of a CBRN attack is the biggest one to modern society. Notably, the possibility of terrorist attacks in Korea by international terrorist groups such as ISIL is higher than ever in consideration of its allusion; crusades and the devil's allied forces. To overcome these circumstances, various measures have been taken for counter terrorism at the state level including anti-terrorist legislation. Under the anti-terrorist act, police have to lead relevant inter agencies when it comes to the CBRN terror. At first glance, current countermeasures would work well. However, in order to respond quickly, the standing cooperations system of related departments need to be set up. In this sense, this article proposed a coagulatory body that could not only consider institutional-oriented organizational restructuring and response but also integrate and operate functions of various specialized institutions. It also stressed that the council should move toward a consultative body of information gathering, distribution and working- level consultation. With this cooperation system, counter-terrorism agencies can respond rapidly, stop wasting their effort and assets by about 30%. Also, they could design the atypical aspect of terrorism into standardized.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.44-71
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• 2008

This paper was intended to investigate employment conditions and career planning of ex-participants of the customized training program(CTP) in Technical High Schools for the specific Small and Medium Business through questionnaires. Results of the research were: 1. The average ex-participant of CTP was employed in small size company with 50 employees, earned 1~1.2 Million Won monthly, worked about 50 hours per week. 2. They were earnestly considering and worried about their career. They had their career goals : Engineer in production and manufacturing, CEO of a company, Design engineer. 3. They were not able to invest enough time and energy in developing their capabilities and skills. 4. There were feelings of respondents, which the main barriers of their career achievement were : (1) their deficiency of personal competencies and endurance. (2) not time enough to learn (3) the fallacy of organizational support and atmosphere.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.61-67
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• 2015

Purpose - Exports have long been regarded as significant drivers of sustainable competitive advantage and growth among small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The export activities of SMEs are particularly important in the context of export-oriented economies such as Korea. Although many studies have examined the determinants of exports, it is difficult to find empirical studies about the determinants of the export performance of regional SMEs. This study investigates the determinants of export performance in the regional SME context based on an integrated approach that combines the environment factor of industrial organization theory, competitive strategy theory, and the competences of the resource-based view. Research design, data, and methodology - To empirically analyze the determinants of export performance in the regional SMEs, data were collected from firms in the Daegu metropolitan area. Data were collected directly through questionnaire surveys; in addition, secondary financial data were also taken from the KIS-VALUE database. Out of the 175 responses that were received, 143 were considered to be worth examining. After testing the reliability and validity of the variables through multiple items such as environmental turbulence and competitive strategy, hypotheses were verified by using five multi-regression models. These models were: a control model with organizational size and age, an environmental model with technology and market turbulence, a competency model with R&D and foreign distribution channels, a strategy model with product and market differentiation, and an integrated model including all of these variables. Results - First, as a control variable, the organization size has significant positive effects on export performance. Second, technology turbulence based on industrial organization theory has significant positive effects on export performance, but market turbulence does not affect export performance. Third, the foreign market distribution competency of the resource-based view has strong positive effects on export performance, but the R&D competency does not affect export performance. Fourth, the product differentiation strategy from competitive strategy theory positively impacts export performance, but market differentiation does not affect export performance. Finally, in the integrated model, only the foreign distribution competency of the resource-based view has a significant effect on export performance. Conclusions - The empirical results of this study verified the usefulness of the rationales behind the three theories to explain the export performance of the regional SMEs, especially the importance of the foreign market distribution competency from the resource-based view. With regard to practical considerations, this study's implications suggest that the use of technological environmental changes by industries is better than the use of market changes. Further, the use of the product differentiation strategy is more effective than the use of the market-driving strategy, and the distribution channel competency plays a stronger role than the technology-oriented competency with regard to the export performance position of regional SMEs. Future studies should examine relational perspectives, such as trust among channel partners. Therefore, the configuration approach is more useful in enhancing pragmatism by comparing high- and low-export companies.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.27-43
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to find out the construct of intellectual capital in a fashion company. To this end, the mixed research methods that combined qualitative and quantitative approaches were conducted. Qualitative research was first conducted by in-depth interviews with 16 experts working in the fashion industry, and a questionnaire was then given to 121 fashion companies in order to fulfill the quantitative research portion of this study. The findings of this study are as follows: First, the conceptual structure of intellectual capital in a fashion company was revealed. A fashion company's intellectual capital is composed of 'human capital', 'structural capital', and 'relational capital'. Human capital has three components: a chief executive officer (CEO), members, and a human resource management capability. Structural capital has four components: organizational culture, information management capability, merchandising capability, and product innovation capability. Relational capital has three components: customer equity, marketing capability, and relationship management capability. Second, the conceptual structure of intellectual capital was confirmed via quantitative research analysis. All of the components of intellectual capital have internal consistency, convergent validity, construct validity, and discriminant validity.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Purpose - The distribution of agricultural products is changing due to recent shifts in environmental free trade. Specifically, the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products has weakened as a result of the Korea-China Financial Trade Agreement. Agricultural producers are faced with increasing difficulties and organized production centers are growing in importance daily. To overcome this crisis, agricultural producer organizations are vying for environment-friendly agricultural certifications, Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). In particular, as consumer demand for higher safety grows, farmers are increasing their certification rates. Therefore, this certification system is expected to help strengthen the competitiveness of agricultural producer organizations. Research design/data/methodology - Organized production centers are classified by certification. A survey was conducted with 91 organizations using factor analysis and logistic regression analysis for the examination. The factor analysis results are as follows. Raw material procurement, education·specialization, marketing, joint business, organizing ability, business management, effectiveness, certification, and larger organizations were classified as the nine types of factors. These factors affect the organized production centers and are used in the logistic regression analysis. The purpose of such research and analysis is to suggest a direction for future production center policies. Results - The basic statistical results are as follows: analysis of the producer organizations of 91 sites, average number of members per site of 1,624, and average sales of 25,961 million won. Additionally, the average income per farmer is 175 million won, and the pooling system rate is 53.5%. The factor analysis results are as follows. Factor 1 consists of contract cultivation, ongoing shipment, selection subdivision, traceability, and major retailer management. Factor 2 consists of manual cultivation, specialty selection, education program, and R&D. Factor 3 consists of advertising, various dealers, various sales strategies, and a unified sales counter. Factor 4 consists of agricultural materials co-purchase, policy support, co-shipment, and incentives. Factor 5 consists of the co-selection and pooling system. Factor 6 consists of co-branding and operating by the organization's article. Factor 7 consists of the buy-sell ratio and rate of operation of the agriculture promotion center. Factor 8 consists of bargaining power in volume and participation rate of farmer certification. Factor 9 consists of increasing new subscribers. The logistic regression analysis results are as follows. Considering the results by type of certification, the environment-friendly agricultural certification type and the GAP certification type have a (+) influence. GAP and HACCP certification types affecting the education·specialization factor have a (+) influence. Considering the results for each type of certification, the environment-friendly agricultural certification types on the effectiveness factor have (-) influence; the HACCP certification types on the organizing ability and effectiveness factor have a (-) influence. Conclusions - Agricultural producer organizations should develop plans as follows: The organizations need to secure education for agricultural production; increase the pooling system ratio for sustainable organizational development; and, finally, expand the number of agricultural producer organizations.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.113-120
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• 2015

Purpose - As the rapid development of ICT has been made recently, many domestic companies are trying to introduce smart work infrastructure. The purpose of institution of smart work is to enhance their performance. To this end, it is necessary to advance the way of working. Developing employees' collective intelligence should be regarded as a prerequisite for advancing the way of working. Job satisfaction of the employees is another important factor to enhance organizational performance. So this study aims to provide the theoretical background of systematic approach to smart work quality by empirically analyzing the effect of smart work quality on collective intelligence and job satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - A structural equation model was designed to examine cause-and-effect relationships among three latent variables(smart work quality, collective intelligence, job satisfaction). Three hypotheses were formulated. The first hypothesis is that the effect of smart work quality on collective intelligence will be positively and statistically significant. Likewise, the second hypothesis is that the effect of smart work quality on job satisfaction will be positively and statistically significant. Finally, the third hypothesis is that the effect of collective intelligence on job satisfaction will be positively and statistically significant. Based on the previous researches, 34 questionnaire items were developed to measure the effect of the three variables. The survey was conducted on 162 employees who are working under smart work environment. The number of the effective questionnaires for the analysis was 154. PASW Statistics 18 and AMOS 18 were used for the statistical analysis. Results - The validity and reliability test for questionnaire items have been carried out. From the factor analysis, 1 out of 34 items was eliminated. As a result, 33 out of 34 items were used for analyzing. The values of Cronbach's α ranged from 0.701 to 0.910, indicating the acceptable reliability of the questionnaire items. The values of χ2, df, CFI, TLI, RMSEA of the model are 102.838, 51, 0.949, 0.935, 0.082, respectively. So the structural equation model was statistically significant. The first and third hypotheses were supported. But the second hypothesis was rejected. Conclusions - An analysis using structural equation model showed meaningful implications about the effect of smart work quality on collective intelligence and job satisfaction. First, as the five quality elements of the smart work improved, the level of collective intelligence increased. Second, the statistical analysis showed smart work didn't have a direct effect on job satisfaction, which is inconsistent with the prior findings. The main purpose of smart work is to help achieve greater performance. The companies also need to make efforts to improve job satisfaction of their employees along with achieving greater performance. Third, an organization with higher level of collective intelligence showed greater job satisfaction. The companies under smart work environment need to develop functions to encourage participation, sharing, openness, and collaboration. This research will provide useful information for the companies which want to introduce smart work, distribution information system, management information system, etc.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.43
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• pp.387-433
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• 2016

The ability to develop curriculums is a crucial factor in evaluating the expertise of a teacher who teaches culture & art education. Establishing a one-year plan for classes is an effort to create a well-designed curriculum for the year and also to foresee the big picture of classes in the corresponding year. A curriculum should not be composed of merely educational content or a series of knowledge and skills. It should be well-designed, based on principles of a coherent plan. This study examines organizational principles on which common curriculums are based on and looks at how a curriculum can be designed, especially for cartoon & animation classes, as part of Culture & Art education, and which factors should be considered in planning. In the process of forming such a curriculum, these steps should be followed: considering educational standards for cartoon animation classes; determining the learning experience, organizing the learning experience; and, lastly, evaluating the level of learning. In addition, effective teaching strategies that reflect the characteristics of a class on cartoon animation should be formulated. This study suggests actual examples of an effective annual curriculum for cartoon animation classes based on all the factors presented above.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-15
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• 2015

The Last PlannerSystem (LPS) has been implemented on construction projects to increase work flow reliability, a precondition for project performance againstproductivity and progress targets. The LPS encompasses four tiers of planning processes:master scheduling, phase scheduling, lookahead planning, and commitment / weeklywork planning. This research highlights deficiencies in the current implementation of LPS including poor lookahead planning which results in poor linkage between weeklywork plans and the master schedule. This poor linkage undetermines the ability of theweekly work planning process to select for execution tasks that are critical to projectsuccess. As a result, percent plan complete (PPC) becomes a weak indicator of project progress. The purpose of this research is to improve lookahead planning (the bridgebetween weekly work planning and master scheduling), improve PPC, and improve theselection of tasks that are critical to project success by increasing the link betweenShould, Can, Will, and Did (components of the LPS), thereby rendering PPC a betterindicator of project progress. The research employs the case study research method to describe deficiencies inthe current implementation of the LPS and suggest guidelines for a better application ofLPS in general and lookahead planning in particular. It then introduces an analyticalsimulation model to analyze the lookahead planning process. This is done by examining the impact on PPC of increasing two lookahead planning performance metrics: tasksanticipated (TA) and tasks made ready (TMR). Finally, the research investigates theimportance of the lookahead planning functions: identification and removal ofconstraints, task breakdown, and operations design.The research findings confirm the positive impact of improving lookaheadplanning (i.e., TA and TMR) on PPC. It also recognizes the need to perform lookaheadplanning differently for three types of work involving different levels of uncertainty:stable work, medium uncertainty work, and highly emergent work.The research confirms the LPS rules for practice and specifically the need to planin greater detail as time gets closer to performing the work. It highlights the role of LPSas a production system that incorporates deliberate planning (predetermined andoptimized) and situated planning (flexible and adaptive). Finally, the research presents recommendations for production planningimprovements in three areas: process related, (suggesting guidelines for practice),technical, (highlighting issues with current software programs and advocating theinclusion of collaborative planning capability), and organizational improvements(suggesting transitional steps when applying the LPS).

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-95
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• 2000

Despite repeated exhortation about the importance of social and human dimensions of systems development, socio-organizational issues continue to be neglected and ignored in the current information systems practice. A review of the human information processing literature suggests that the reasons for this continuing lack of attention to social issues may be found in the limitations of human cognition and information processing capacities. Bostrom and Heinen(1978) and Kumar and Bjorn-Anderson(1990) also suggest that the inadequate attention to social problems and issues by the analyst could originate from the analysts limited problem perception. This research explores how the representation forms of information systems(IS) methodology used in understanding and modeling the problem situation affect such systems development problem perception. Typically, a system development methodology prescribes the use of system models(i.e., system representations) to understand, analyze, evaluate, and design the information system. Given the size and complexity of information systems, and the abstraction and simplification underlying the modeling process, system representations usually depict only a limited set of aspects of the system. Thus, a methodology whose representations are limited to technical aspects will tend to limit the analyst's perspective to a technical one only(Kumar & Welke, 1990). Following the same line of argument, in contrast, it is the conjecture of this study that a methodology which specifies both social and technical aspects of IS development will help the analyst develop a more comprehensive view of the IS problem domain. Based on the above concept, a theoretical model was first developed which explained the systems analysts cognitive process. Drawing on this model, a research model was developed hypothesizing the impacts of representation forms on problem identification. The model was tested using a laboratory experiment with 70 individual subjects. A special computer software was developed with a hypermedia authoring tool to conduct the experiments in order to avoid experimenter biases and to maintain consistency in administrating repeated experiments. The program, designed to replace the experimenter, consisted of functions such as presenting the subjects with problem material, asking the subjects questions, and saving the typed answers of the subjects. The results indicate that representation forms strongly influence problem identification. It was found that the use of the socio-technical representation form led to the findings of more social problems than the use of technical representation form. The results imply significant effects of representation forms on problem findings and also suggest that the use of adequate representation forms may help overcome dysfunctional effects of our limited information processing capacity.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.755-788
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• 2007

This study investigates the effects of individual and group level factors on the use of GSS (Group Support System) and task performance from GSS use. GSS facilitates the group work, so that GSS adoption is not necessarily influenced only by individual perceptions on information systems. Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) in our study to explain the adoption and success from GSS use. AST contends that the success of IS is not necessarily the technical fit between tasks and technology, instead the political outcome among user socializations. We have the following two research inquires: Are the IS use and performance maximized when information technologies are provided properly?; and, Does TTF always influence positively on IS use (or performance)? To research these issues, we investigate the influence of TTF (Task-Technology Fit) on use and performance of GSS, which is introduced to foster collaboration among organizational members. Drawing insights from the AST, we examine if COA (Consensus on Appropriation) among group members and FOA (Faithfulness of Appropriation) between those who use technology and who design it show any moderating effect. A questionnaire survey was conducted on firms using the GSS for one month from June 2 to June 27 2005 and a sample of 303 responses was used for a statistical analysis. The result demonstrates that TTF exerts a positive influence on use and performance of GSS. We find that the stronger the COA, the greater the effect of W on use of GSS and performance. FOA likewise has a positive effect on both use of GSS and performance. The TTF model has been widely applied to studies on individual performance of information system, whereas the AST theory specifically explains members' adaptation process to information system. By integrating the AST theory with the TTF model, the study contributes to heightening our understanding on if and how individual performance varies with the use of GSS.