• 제목/요약/키워드: Organic material removal

검색결과 182건 처리시간 0.025초

Strength properties of composite clay balls containing additives from industry wastes as new filter media in water treatment

  • Rajapakse, J.P.;Gallage, C.;Dareeju, B.;Madabhushi, G.;Fenner, R.
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
    • /
    • 제8권6호
    • /
    • pp.859-872
    • /
    • 2015
  • Pebble matrix filtration (PMF) is a water treatment technology that can remove suspended solids in highly turbid surface water during heavy storms. PMF typically uses sand and natural pebbles as filter media. Hand-made clay pebbles (balls) can be used as alternatives to natural pebbles in PMF treatment plants, where natural pebbles are not readily available. Since the high turbidity is a seasonal problem that occurs during heavy rains, the use of newly developed composite clay balls instead of pure clay balls have the advantage of removing other pollutants such as natural organic matter (NOM) during other times. Only the strength properties of composite clay balls are described here as the pollutant removal is beyond the scope of this paper. These new composite clay balls must be able to withstand dead and live loads under dry and saturated conditions in a filter assembly. Absence of a standard ball preparation process and expected strength properties of composite clay balls were the main reasons behind the present study. Five different raw materials from industry wastes: Red Mud (RM), Water Treatment Alum Sludge (S), Shredded Paper (SP), Saw Dust (SD), and Sugar Mulch (SM) were added to common clay brick mix (BM) in different proportions. In an effort to minimize costs, in this study clay balls were fired to $1100^{\circ}C$ at a local brick factory together with their bricks. A comprehensive experimental program was performed to evaluate crushing strength of composite hand-made clay balls, using uniaxial compression test to establish the best material combination on the basis of strength properties for designing sustainable filter media for water treatment plants. Performance at both construction and operating stages were considered by analyzing both strength properties under fully dry conditions and strength degradation after saturation in a water bath. The BM-75% as the main component produced optimum combination in terms of workability and strength. With the material combination of BM-75% and additives-25%, the use of Red Mud and water treatment sludge as additives produced the highest and lowest strength of composite clay balls, with a failure load of 5.4 kN and 1.4 kN respectively. However, this lower value of 1.4 kN is much higher than the effective load on each clay ball of 0.04 kN in a typical filter assembly (safety factor of 35), therefore, can still be used as a suitable filter material for enhanced pollutant removal.

표면처리된 AlPO4에 대한 납 이온의 흡착 거동 분석 (Analysis of adsorption behavior of lead ion on to surface modified AlPO4 materials)

  • 김용호;길현석;강광철;최석남;이석우
    • 분석과학
    • /
    • 제24권4호
    • /
    • pp.275-281
    • /
    • 2011
  • 세제 제조시설 폐수의 유기물을 틀로 하여 $Al(OH)_3$$H_3PO_4$의 반응으로 $AlPO_4$-계 물질을 합성하였다. 소성된 $AlPO_4$-계 물질을 APTMS, 석신산 무수물과 반응시켜 표면을 카르복실기로 바꾸었다. 분말 XRD 결과, 특징적인 $AlPO_4$-계 물질의 패턴을 얻었으며, 물질의 형태는 SEM으로 조사하였고, 작용기는 FT-IR 분석으로 확인하였다. 증류수에 분산시킨 고체의 표면 전위 측정 결과, $AlPO_4-NH_2$는 양의 표면 전하를 갖는 반면, $AlPO_4$-COOH는 음의 표면 전하를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 합성된 $AlPO_4$-계 물질을 이용하여 수용액에서 유해 중금속의 제거 실험을 수행하였다. 납 이온은 표면에 존재하는 카르복실기와 착물을 형성하며 물질에 흡착되었고, 흡착 분배계수는 91.1 mL/g이었다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 고찰한 $AlPO_4$-계 물질은 수환경에서 유해 중금속 이온의 제거에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

상수중 Trihalomethanes, 농약, 중금속 및 합성세제의 효율적인 제거를 위한 수처리 방법 제 2보. -상수중 농약, 중금속 및 합성세제의 효율적인 제거방법- (Water Treatment Method for Removal of Trihalomethanes, Pesticides, Heavy Metals and Detergent in Drinking Water (2). -Effective Removal Method of Pesticides, Heavy metals and Detergent in Drinking Water-)

  • 박종우;김장억
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • 제37권6호
    • /
    • pp.480-486
    • /
    • 1994
  • 상수원으로 유입될 가능성이 있는 몇가지 농약과 중금속 및 계면활성제를 상수처리 과정을 달리하였을 때 효율적인 제거 정도를 알아보기 위하여 상수처리시 많이 사용되는 여러 산화제를 처리하고 응집제 및 수중의 유기물의 농도를 변화시켰을 때 이들 오염물질들의 제거에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. IBP, diazinon과 CNP의 경우에는 $Cl_2$ 처리에 의해 $68{\sim}100%$ 제거되었으며 diazinon은 모든 산화제에 의해 매우 잘 산화되는 것으로 나타났으며 butachlor은 모든 산화제 처리에 의해 $20.3{\sim}26.7%$ 정도로 영향을 적게 받았다. 계면활성제인 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate는 오존처리에 의해 효과적으로 산화 제거되었으나 다른 산화제에 대해서는 매우 안정하였다. 중금속(Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn)의 경우에는 산화제에 대해 아무런 영향을 받지 않았다. 수중에 유기물의 농도와 응집제의 투여량을 변화시켰을 때 농약과 계면활성제는 아무런 영향을 받지 않은 반면 중금속의 경우 응집제 투여량이 증가함에 따라 그 제거량이 증가하였으나 수중 유기물의 농도를 증가시켰을 때에는 중금속의 응집제에 의한 제거효율이 감소되었다.

  • PDF

Clinical, statistical and chemical study of sialolithiasis

  • Lim, Ho-Kyung;Kim, Soung-Min;Kim, Myung-Jin;Lee, Jong-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
    • /
    • 제38권1호
    • /
    • pp.44-49
    • /
    • 2012
  • Introduction: Sialolithes are initiated by localized deposition of calcified material in the salivary glands. And that may even cause various symptom especially swelling and pain. This study purposes to collect statistical data of sialolithiasis for clinical analysis. Materials and Methods: Among forty seven patients who have visited Seoul National University Dental Hospital during 2004-2009, patients' age, sex, location and size of stone, radiodensity of stone, symptom, surgical procedure were investigated. Statistical correlation between size, location, symptom was evaluated. Chemical composition was analyzed for 3 sialolithes. Results: The average age was 41.4 years. Sialolithiasis had slight female predilection (57.4%). Most cases occurred in the submandibular glands (91.5%). And most cases had radiopaque features (95.8%). The average size was 7.17 mm. The most frequent location of the stones were the duct orifice and the submandibular gland hilum (16 cases in each), followed by the middle part of the duct (n=8), the intraglandular area (n=4), and the proximal part of the duct (n=3). Eleven cases were asymptomatic. Thirty six cases had complaints of pain, swelling, hardness, and decrease in saliva flow (multiple symptoms). Various methods of surgery was performed. Two cases were self-removed. Thirty seven cases underwent procedure involving stone removal alone. Six cases underwent gland extirpation, and two cases underwent ductoplasty. Conclusion: There was no statistical correlation between size, location, and symptoms. Sialolith was composed of Ca (58.5-69.3%), P (30.7-35.7%), organic material, and trace inorganic material.

착체중합법을 이용한 SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ 축광성 형광체의 합성 (Synthesis and Characteristics of SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ Long Afterglow Phosphors by Polymerized Complex Method)

  • 김태호;황해진;김진호;황광택;한규성
    • 한국재료학회지
    • /
    • 제26권10호
    • /
    • pp.561-569
    • /
    • 2016
  • $SrAl_2O_4$: $Eu^{2+}$ and $Dy^{3+}$ phosphorescent phosphors were synthesized using the polymerized complex method. Generally, phosphorescent phosphors synthesized by conventional solid state reaction show a micro-sized particle diameter; thus, this process is restricted to applications such as phosphorescent ink and paint. However, it is possible to synthesize homogeneous multi-component powders with fine particle diameter by wet process such as the polymerized complex method. The characteristics of $SrAl_2O_4$: $Eu^{2+}$ and $Dy^{3+}$ powders prepared by polymerized complex method with one and two step calcination processes were comparatively analyzed. Temperatures of organic material removal and crystallization were observed through TG-DTA analysis. The crystalline phase and crystallite size of the $SrAl_2O_4$: $Eu^{2+}$ and $Dy^{3+}$ phosphorescent phosphors were analyzed by XRD. Microstructures and afterglow characteristics of the $SrAl_2O_4$: $Eu^{2+}$ and $Dy^{3+}$ phosphors were measured by SEM and spectrofluorometry, respectively.

Development Rapid Analytical Methods for Inositol as a Trace Component by HPLC and LC-MS/MS in Infant Formula

  • Shin, Jin-Ho;Park, Jung-Min;Kim, Ha-Jung;Ahn, Jang-Hyuk;Kwak, Byung-Man;Kim, Jin-Man
    • 한국축산식품학회지
    • /
    • 제35권4호
    • /
    • pp.466-472
    • /
    • 2015
  • A rapid and simple analytical method, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), was developed to detect myo-inositol (MI) in infant formulas. For protein removal: acid hydrolysis and lipid removal through organic solvent extraction. The operating conditions for instrumental analysis were determined based on previously reported analogous methods that used LC-MS/MS. Quantitative analysis was used for the detection limit test, infant formula recovery test, and standard reference material (SRM) 1849a to verify the validity of our LC-MS/MS analytical method, which was developed to quantify MI. For validation, the results of our method were compared with the results of quantitative analyses of certified values. The test results showed that the limit of detection was 0.05 mg/L, the limit of quantitation was 0.17 mg/L, and the method detection limit was 17 mg/kg. The recovery test exhibited a recovery between 98.07-98.43% and a relative standard deviation between 1.93-2.74%. Therefore, the result values were good. Additionally, SRM 1849a was measured to have an MI content of 401.84 mg/kg and recovery of 98.25%, which is comparable to the median certified value of 409 mg/kg. From the aforementioned results, we judged that the instrumental analysis conditions and preparation method used in this study were valid. The rapid analytical method developed herein could be implemented in many laboratories that seek to save time and labor.

고농도 오존을 적용한 DOF와 PO2 시스템의 축산폐수처리 (Livestock Wastewater Treatment Using the DOF and PO2 System with High Concentration of Ozone)

  • 이병호;김성혁
    • 대한환경공학회지
    • /
    • 제27권11호
    • /
    • pp.1162-1167
    • /
    • 2005
  • 축산폐수는 고농도의 난분해성 유기물질을 많이 함유하고 있기 때문에 처리하기가 매우 어려운 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현장에 건설된 오존을 이용한 시스템인 DOF(Dissolved Ozone Flotation)와 PO2(Pressurized Ozone Oxidation)에 의한 축산폐수의 처리특성을 조사하였다. DOF-PO2의 유입수내에 존재하는 SS의 제거율은 94%를 상회하여 약 400 mg/L의 농도를 22 mg/L까지 낮출 수 있었다. $COD_{Mn}$의 제거율도 90%정도로 620 mg/L로 유입되어 63 mg/L로 유출되었다. $SCOD_{Cr}$은 890 mg/L 정도가 유입되었으며 82%가 제거되어 160 mg/L 정도로 유출되었다. UV-254흡광도는 96%제거 되었다. 특히 TP의 제거율은 98%가 넘었고 27 mg/L가 유입되어 0.35 mg/L만이 유출되었다. TN도 SS의 제거와 함께 68%정도 제거되었으나 오존에 의한 제거효과는 없었다. DOF-PO2시스템에 의한 고농도 오존산화공정을 미생물처리공정과 같이 적용할 경우 축산폐수처리공정의 방류수 수질기준을 맞출 수 있었다.

Bioscrubber Trickling Filter(BSTF)의 VOCs 제거 및 운전 특성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Removal Efficiency of VOCs and Operating Characteristics by Using of Bioscrubber Trickling Filter(BSTE))

  • 박진도;서정호;이학성
    • 한국환경보건학회지
    • /
    • 제31권4호
    • /
    • pp.309-315
    • /
    • 2005
  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odor materials are major sources of air pollution in Ulsan city, where much chemical plants are located. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new reactor which can remove VOCs and odor materials effectively and be equipped at the end of pipe easily. A modified reactor (bioscrubber trickling filter, BSTF), which have both characteristics of biofilter and bioscrubber, was developed and tested on its reactivity with several VOCs using two types of media, fiber and activated carbon 4- ceramic(A/C). It was observed that the removal efficiencies of several types of VOCs such as acetaldehyde, ethylalcohol, butanol, diethylamine and triethylamine were up to $95\%$ when they had about 100 ppm of initial concentration and 80 seconds of residence time. Good attachment of microorganisms to both media, where it is thought the reaction efficiency can be determined according to the amount of microorganisms attachment, observed with scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Initial pressure drops of the packed bed with both media were 229 $mmH_2O/m$ at A/C column and 670 $mmH_2O/m$, respectively. However, maximum pressure drop of fiber column during the operation was over 1,647 $mmH_2O/m$. Therefore, it was thought that the fiber material would not suitable to use in the local plant as a packed bed media.

바이오 계면활성제에 의한 토양/지하수내 유기성 오염물질 제거 (Use of Biosurfactant for the Removal of Organic Pollutants in Soil/Groundwater)

  • 고석오;윤석표
    • 대한환경공학회지
    • /
    • 제22권2호
    • /
    • pp.193-201
    • /
    • 2000
  • 토양/지하수내에 존재하는 소수성 유기오염물을 제거하기 위한 방법의 적용성 검토를 위하여 바이오 계면활성제인 HPCD에 유기오염물이 흡수되는 현상에 대한 실험을 실시하였다. 유기오염물의 HPCD와의 반응은 아주 빠르게 진행되어 95% 정도의 반응이 10분 이내에 일어났다. 얻어진 흡수계수는 용액의 pH. 이온강도 및 유기오염물의 농도 변화에 대하여 약간의 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 두 가지 방법에 의하여 구한 토양표면에 흡착되는 HPCD의 양은 무시할 정도로 나타났으며 HPCD가 고체상에 대한 친화성이 없다는 사실은 토양/지하수내 존재하는 유기오염물을 제거시 큰 장점으로 작용할 수 있다. 결론적으로 HPCD는 지표 밑의 유기오염물을 제거하는데 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다. HPCD에 의한 유기오염물의 흡수는 오염물의 크기, 소수성 등에 의하여 큰 영향을 받으며 합성된 계면활성제와의 사용 타당성 비교시 오염되어 있는 유기물 종류뿐 아니라 재료비, 2차 오염 유발 가능성 등을 종합적으로 고려해야 한다.

  • PDF

식생이 조성된 LID 시설의 효율 평가 (Assessment of Performances of Low Impact Development (LID) Facilities with Vegetation)

  • 홍정선;김이형
    • Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
    • /
    • 제3권2호
    • /
    • pp.100-109
    • /
    • 2016
  • 도시 지역의 물순환 구축과 비점오염물질 저감을 위해 구축되는 LID 시설의 지속적 효율은 주요 내부 구성요소(식물, 토양, 여재, 미생물 등)의 최적화된 상호작용에 의하여 나타난다. 본 연구는 식생이 조성된 4가지 LID 기술 (식생체류지, 소규모 인공습지, 빗물정원 및 나무여과상자)의 실제 도시 강우유출수의 유입으로 인한 식물의 성장상태 변화와 물순환 효과 및 비점오염물질 저감능력을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 도시지역의 강우유출수의 약 40% 이상의 유출저감을 위한 적정 SA/CA (facility surface area / catchment area) 비는 시설마다 차이는 있지만 1~5% 범위가 적당한 것으로 평가되었다. 강우시 LID 시설에서의 유출저감은 비점오염물질 저감효율 향상에 중요한 영향을 끼치는 기작으로 나타났으며, SA/CA는 LID 시설의 중요한 설계인자로 도출되었다. 유출저감에 효과적인 시설은 빗물정원 > 나무여과상자 > 식생체류지 > 소규모 인공습지 순으로 나타났으며 입자상 물질 (TSS)의 제거능력은 빗물정원 > 나무여과상자 > 소규모 인공습지 > 식생체류지 순으로 분석되었다. 유기물 (COD, TOC), 영양물질 (TN, TP) 및 중금속 (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn) 제거에는 빗물정원 > 나무여과상자 > 식생체류지 > 소규모 인공습지 순으로 조사되었으며 이러한 결과들은 향후 도시지역의 물순환 구축 및 비점오염물 제거에 적용되는 LID 시설의 설계에 중요한 자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.