• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.311-328
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in soil microorganisms and soil enzymes by split irrigation and organic matter application under no-tillage green house conditions. Soil bacteria and fungi abundances were higher in soybean cake fertilizer than in the soil without the soybean cake fertilizer under whole quantity irrigation. Bacteria and fungi abundances in soil increased with increasing organic fertilizer application rate. Bacteria and fungi amount in the soil increased at half division irrigation in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer compared with whole quantity irrigation. Actinomycete amount in the soil decreased with increasing soybean cake fertilizer with whole quantity irrigation while clearly increased in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer. Actinomycete amount in soil clearly increased with increasing organic fertilizer input at half division irrigation. Chitinase activity in the soil decreased in soybean cake fertilizer with increasing organic fertilizer input, while increased in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer. Chitinase activity in the soil increased at half division irrigation compared with whole quantity irrigation regardless of soybean cake fertilizer input. ${\beta}$-Glucosidase activity in the soil was higher in soybean cake fertilizer than in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer with whole quantity irrigation. ${\beta}$-Glucosidase activity in the soil increased with increasing organic fertilizer input, but decreased in above the standard level 66%. ${\beta}$-Glucosidase activity in the soil clearly increased in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer at half division irrigation compared with whole quantity irrigation. N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase activity was higher in soybean cake fertilizer than in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer with whole quantity irrigation. N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase activity in the soil increased with increasing organic fertilizer input, but decreased in above the standard level 66%. N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase activity in the soil was not significantly different at half division irrigation and whole quantity irrigation in organic fertilizer input, while increased at half division irrigation in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer. Acid phosphatase activity increased at standard level 66% in soybean cake fertilizer, while was not significantly different in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer. Spore density of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in the soil increased with increasing organic fertilizer input at whole quantity irrigation in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer, while decreased above the standard level 66% in organic fertilizer input. However, spore density of AMF in the soil was not significantly different in soybean cake fertilizer regardless of input amount of organic fertilizer. Root colonization rate of AMF in red pepper roots was not significant difference at two irrigations regardless of soybean cake input.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.193-204
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• 2020

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic fertilizer on the growth of Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg and the change of soil chemical characteristics. The organic matter contents of coffee sludge and dried food waste powder were 44.26 and 51.18%, respectively. These values exceed the organic matter content of organic fertilizers recommended by the Rural Development Administration (RDA) of South Korea by more than 30%. Accordingly, they indicate the possibility of their use as organic fertilizers. The results from the analysis of soil properties after cultivation showed that the organic matter content of coffee sludge amended soils was two-fold higher than that of dried food waste powder amended soils. However, the content of available phosphorus was two times lower in the coffee sludge amendments. It is expected that the dried food waste powder was actively used to decompose organic substances, and that phosphoric acid was added by the soil microorganisms used to decompose organic substances. In terms of Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg growth, leaf discoloration was observed for all treatments except with the standard rate of dried food waste powder. The standard rate of dried food waste powder also produced relatively better results than other treatments with regard to other growth characteristics such as root length (34.08 cm), root diameter (0.78 cm), and fresh root weight (4.77 g plant^-1). Therefore, the standard rate of dried food waste powder produced better results than other treatments and can be used as an organic fertilizer in the growth of Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1417-1423
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• 2011

For evaluating the effect of various organic fertilizer ratios on the Spiraea${\times}$bumalda 'Gold Mound' growth, a container green wall system experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Konkuk university. The experimental planting grounds were prepared with different organic fertilizer ratios ($A_1L_0$, $A_8L_1$, $A_4L_1$ $A_2L_1$ and $A_1L_1$) and with drought tolerance and an ornamental value Spiraea${\times}$bumalda 'Gold Mound' was planted. The change in soil moisture contents, plant height, number of branches, number of dead leafs, number of leaf, number of shoots, length of node, length of leaf, width of leaf, root-collar caliper, chlorophyll contents and survival rate were investigated from April to Jun 2010. 1. The result of soil moisture contents was analyzed with weight unit in the container green wall system during the dry summer season. The soil moisture contents were significantly enhanced in the container green wall system in increasing order as the amount of fertilizer level increased $A_1L_1$ > $A_2L_1$ > $A_4L_1$ > $A_8L_1$ > $A_1L_0$. 2. Compared to the control treatment (amended soil with 100% + organic fertilizer 0%) application, the highest plant growth was observed in the treatment of $A_2L_1$(amended soil with 67% + organic fertilizer 13%) application. However, the differences between the organic fertilizer ratio treatments of $A_1L_1$, $A_4L_1$, $A_8L_1$, and the $A_1L_0$ organic fertilizer application were mostly not significant. 3. The survival rate increased with the increasing application of organic fertilizer, but in the control treatment (amended soil with 100% + organic fertilizer 0%) application all the plants died. Experimental results from the presented study clearly demonstrated that the organic fertilizer improved the survival rate more than the Spiraea${\times}$bumalda 'Gold Mound' growth at different levels of organic fertilizers. This strain can be utilized as a plant growth application in living wall systems during the dry summer season. Therefore, Spiraea${\times}$bumalda 'Gold Mound' is expected to be a highly valuable shrub for the green wall system if it should be considered in integration with stormwater retention or as a soil conditioner for increasing soil water contents in planting ground.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2013

Carbon sequestration on soil is one of the counter measurements against climate change in agricultural sector. Increasing incorporation of organic fertilizer would increase soil organic carbon (SOC) but it could bring high potential of nutrient losses which would result in water quality degradation. In this paper, literature review on soil organic carbon behavior according to agricultural management is presented. The results of field experiment to identify the effect of organic and commercial fertilizer applications on SOC and runoff water quality were also presented. Field experiment confirmed increased SOC and nutrient concentrations in runoff water as application rate of organic fertilizer increase. The potential use of simulation model to develop best agricultural management practice considering carbon sequestration and water quality conservation at the same time is discussed and monitoring and modeling strategies are also suggested to achieve the goal.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.77-80
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the optimum organic fertilizer rate (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600kg/10a) of worm casting on growth response and yield of Ieol´ radish in Jeiu island. The results obtained were summarized as follows; plant height was getting bigger as organic fertilizer increased from 0 to 500kg/10a and then became smaller at 600kg/10a. But was no significance from 200 to 600kg/10a. Number of leaves, leaf width and root diameter were the same trend with plant height response. Root length was not significantly affected by organic fertilizers. SPAD reading value of leaves increased as increasing of organic fertilizers. Fresh matter yield (top+root) increased significantly 2,949∼4,561kg/10a as fertilizer rate increased from 0 to 200kg/10a, increased 5.096∼5,707kg/10a from 300 to 500kg/10a of fertilizer rate and decreased to 4,873kg/10a at 600kg/10a. Top and root weight were the same trend with fresh matter yield.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.712-719
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• 2016

Understanding N mineralization dynamics in soil is essential for efficient nutrient management. An anaerobic incubation experiment was conducted to examine N mineralization potential and N mineralization rate of the organic amendments with different C:N ratio in paddy soil. Inorganic N in the soil sample was measured periodically under three temperature conditions ($20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$) for 90 days. N mineralization was accelerated as the temperature rises by approximately $10%^{\circ}C^{-1}$ in average. Negative correlation ($R^2=0.707$) was observed between soil inorganic N and C:N ratio, while total organic carbon extract ($R^2=0.947$) and microbial biomass C ($R^2=0.824$) in the soil were positively related to C:N ratio. Single exponential model was applied for quantitative evaluation of N mineralization process. Model parameter for N mineralization rate, k, increased in proportion to temperature. N mineralization potential, $N_p$, was very different depending on C:N ratio of organic input. $N_p$ value decreased as C:N ratio increased, ranged from $74.3mg\;kg^{-1}$ in a low C:N ratio (12.0 in hairy vetch) to $15.1mg\;kg^{-1}$ in a high C:N ratio (78.2 in rice straw). This result indicated that the amount of inorganic N available for crop uptake can be predicted by temperature and C:N ratio of organic amendment. Consequently, it is suggested that the amount of organic fertilizer application in paddy soil would be determined based on temperature observations and C:N ratio, which represent the decomposition characteristics of organic amendments.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2018

The contents of total nitrogen, total phosphate, and total potash are important factors to determine the application rate of the organic fertilizers to arable lands. The concentrations of nutrient, organic matter, salt, water, heavy metal in mixed oil cakes and mixed organic fertilizers in circulation were investigated with 141 and 179, respectively. The mean levels of total nitrogen, total phosphate, and total potash in organic fertilizers of from 2015 to 2017 were 4.9%, 2.8%, 1.7%, respectively. The average contents of organic matter, salt, and water were 77.0%, 11.5%, and 0.3%, in mixed oil cakes, and 72.3%, 11.7%, 0.5% in mixed organic fertilizer, respectively. The maximum concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn were found to be in accordance with the official standard of commercial fertilizer. In order to promote balanced nutrient absorption of crops, it is necessary to increase the average content of total potash of the organic fertilizers to 3.2%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 1992

Field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of stalk position, compound fertilizer application rate (N-P2O5-K2O : 10-10-20 : 75, 100, 125kg/03), paddy and upland soil and varieties, NC82 &KF103, on nonvolatile organic and higher fatty acids of flue-cured tobacco. Followed by stalk position, malic, citric, malonic and succinic acid contents were significantly increased with higher stalk position, but oleic and linoleic acid contents were decreased with higher stalk position. The higher application rate of compound fertilizer results in increasing citric, malic, malonic and succinic acid contents, but the contents of higher fatty acids were not significantly influenced by fertilizer application rate. The cured leaf cultivated in paddy soil was higher citric and malic acid contents than in upland soil, but the contents of higher fatty acids have no difference between paddy and upland soil. The variety of KF103 was higher citric and linoleic acid contents than that of NC82, but the contents of higher fatty acids have no difference between varieties.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.510-516
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• 2016

Soil respiration has been recognized as a key factor of the change of organic matter and fertility due to the carbon and nitrogen mineralization. In this study, we evaluated the effect of soil respiration on the light fraction-C and inorganic N content depending on temperature in soil applied with organic matter. Soil respiration was calculated by using total $CO_2$ flux released from soil applied with $2Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of rice straw compost and rye for 8 weeks incubation at 15, 25, $35^{\circ}C$ under incubation test. After incubation test, light fraction and inorganic N content were investigated. Rye application dramatically increased soil respiration with increasing temperature. $Q_{10}$ value of rye application was 1.69, which was higher 27% than that of rice straw compost application. Light-C and $NO_3-N$ contents were negatively correlated to soil respiration. Light-C in rye application more decreased than that in rice straw compost with temperature levels. These results indicate that temperature sensitivity of soil respiration could affect soil organic mater content and N availability in soil due to carbon availability. Also, light fraction would be useful indicator to evaluate decomposition rate of organic matter in soil under a short-term test.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.615-626
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• 2020

The objective of present experiment was to examine the impact of different organic nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates and different harvesting periods on the forage yield and feed value of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). This study was carried out from May to September 2019, the amount of 80 kg of kenaf seed/ha were applied with different rates of nitrogen fertilizer. The plants were sampled at 10 days intervals (100, 110, 120, and 130 days after seeding) from different harvesting dates. In the organic fertilizer treatments, the highest dry matter (DM) yield was observed in the application rate at 250 kg of N/ha. Crude protein (CP) content in leaves was similar between the organic fertilizer rates at 200 and 250 kg of N/ha and were higher compared with other fertilizer treatments. The highest CP content in the stem was 4.3% in the organic fertilizer application rates st 250 kg of N/ha. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in leaves showed no significant difference between the chemical fertilizer rates at 200 and 250 kg of N/ha, and the organic fertilizer rates at 150 and 250 kg of N/ha. In addition, DM yield of kenaf was highest in the harvest of 100 days after seeding, and tended to decreased significantly with increase of harvesting periods (p<0.05). As the growth progressed, the plant height and stem ratio increased but the leaves ratio decreased significantly (p<0.05) and the highest was found at 110 days after seeding. The highest CP, Acid detergent fiber (ADF), NDF and total digestible nutrient (TDN) contents in leaves were 13.9, 25.4, 40.5 and 71.1%, respectively that were affected by different harvesting periods. Also, the ADF and NDF in stem increased significantly with increase of kenaf maturity (p<0.05). In conclusion, the optimal organic fertilizer application rates and the proper harvesting periods for the forage yield and quality of kenaf were at 200 to 250 kg of N/ha, and 100 to 110 days after seeding, respectively.