• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2018

Organic-sandy soils that contain abundant organic matters are widely encountered in estuarine cities. Due to the existence of organic matters, the strength and stiffness of this type of soil are significantly low. As a result, various geotechnical engineering problems such as difficulties in piling and constructing embankments and a lack of strength in poured concrete may occur in many estuarine sites; ground improvement such as cement treatment to this type of soils is needed. In this study, laboratory tests were performed to investigate the compressive strength of organic-sandy soil reinforced with primarily cement, in which the influences of several factors, namely types of cement and additional stabilizing agent, cement content, and water-cement ratio, were investigated and the orthogonal experimental design scheme was adopted. Based on the test results, an optimal permutation of these influencing factors is suggested for the reinforcement of organic-sandy soils, which can provide a useful reference for the relevant engineering practice.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.388-403
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• 2009

Nature is suiting to the objective of oneself, structurally safe and functional. It continues to transform itself into various forms and has aesthetic beauty. By analyzing how nature's organic property has been expressed in different cases of furniture design, which has objective purpose, this research presents designing pathway to induce nature's organic oder into the furniture design. Simile expression type clearly shows its form through exposing the natural material that it is made out of. Visually, esthetic beauty can be emphasized and mentally it can provide pleasantness. Metaphorical expression type only hints the original material that was used to reproduce. Under the same condition it can have subjective perception and it needs to be used suitably at the right place and time. Abstract expression type it might be hard to recognize the original material visually since it went through many transformation in expression, however it can stage extreme and mysterious atmosphere. Furniture designs employing these three types can have functionality as well as decorative and serve variety of change in the existing uniformed interior space, and it can also satisfy individual's need with practicality and provide aesthetic beauty.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.25-36
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• 2019

Contemporary architecture is showing its deconstruction and departure from modern architecture based on rationality, such as reductionism or virtualism. This means a shift from a mechanistic and ecological world view to an organic and ecological view, from a deterministic reason to a reason for a possible secret static. This study examines the potential of fractals, a scientific theory of complexity that is emerging as a new paradigm in the 21st century, as an appropriate alternative to contemporary complexity architecture. The method and scope of this study were understood and its features were identified through literature and data research and prior study review. Based on the organic nature of fractal geometry, we analyzed the works of contemporary architects(Frank Gehry, Bernard Tschumi, Steven Holl, Zaha Hadid, Rem Koolhaas, Daniel Libeskind, Zvi Hecker, Ito Toyo) and studied the possibility of architectural design using the principle of fractal. As a result, fractal geometry, similar to the patterned order of nature, has an infinite set of organizational functionalities in architecture and can be applied in various aspects of design analysis. Architectural designs based on the fractal theory will require more research and development to realize dynamic design representation using digital computers.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.10-18
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• 1998

This study aims to make clear visual quality of organic form and structural order that is immanent in nature about a form as formative principles of architectural space design the significanced of this study is to prove the application possibility in to functional form architectural space design. All organic forms in nature has a unique shape and pattern in structure to be self-controled and good in order. Such an order in nature comes from regular construction and ratio principles which has aesthetical order by mathmetics. The specialty of beauty in nature can be revealed not only visual form but also the ratio balance and rhythm of structural principles. As we examine the aesthetic source embodied some object can be developed in to basic principles. Furthermore through this study we can find out that the form construction theory in nature forms share the quality attribute with geometrical form to be shown in architectural space design. Natural forms are ultimate visual expression of power that effects on the architectural space design. The rule of power in nature as nature formal characteristics have a direct influence and can be also applied to architectural construction. Therefore I expect that this study will be linked and continued to another structural view.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.314-327
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• 2015

20th century, beginning of modern, the style of art and design, separated reasonable and sensitive code. Art form including cubism, constructivism, futurism and different form including fauvism, expressionism, surrealism and abstract expressionism coexist two code in early modern. But the style of design was separated each period with geometric and organic form, reasonable and sensitive code. Replacement timing on two design style was the transition period of the production-oriented step to the sale-oriented step in marketing. In early stage modern it was stable production-oriented step. Geometric style include G. Rietvevld (Red and Blue chair), M. Breuer (Wassily chair), Fanizon and Martinelli (I-Ching) was simple and functional, received the absolute support. An aggressive demand generation and sales promotion for the design change was needed so that excess supply in the market with a stable production. In sale-oriented step for sales promotion in mid modernism, it was accepted transitions to the sensual organic volume with elegant and sleek style include C. Eames (LCW chair), V. Panton (Panton chair) and C. Mollino (Arabesco Tea table).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.3742-3752
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• 2015

This study aims to examine and analyze consumers' perception level and purchase behavior of organic clothing goods with. According to their purchase experience of organic clothing goods, it was found that organic textile products for women like sanitary pad were most and purchase frequency of organic clothing goods was mostly once. Among reasons to purchase organic clothing goods, 'for my health' was most. Non-purchase reason was mostly 'I don't know what organic goods are'. Therefore, there were significant awareness differences of organic clothing goods in "health efficiency" between the purchasing group and the non-purchasing group. In addition, there were significant awareness differences of demographic characteristics and organic clothing goods in sex, age, and "health efficiency" of related major items and in "high quality recognition" and "health efficiency" of residential areas.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.397-399
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• 2012

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have received considerable attention as the most promising candidates for renewable energy systems in recent years. Among these, organic dyes which have many advantages such as large absorption coefficients, customized molecular design for desired photophysical and photochemical properties, inexpensiveness and environment-friendliness, are suitable as photosensitizers for DSSCs. We have studied on the design and synthesis of two organic dyes (BECZ 1 and BECZ 2) with a 9-ethyl-9H-carbazole core for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Two organic dyes comprised of two 9-ethyl-9H-carbazole moiety as electron-donor, two types of cyanoacrylic acid moiety acting as acceptor. In addition, n-ethyl unit introduced for increasing the solubility and the donating power. The obtained organic dyes were comprehensively characterized by NMR, GC-MS, FAB-MS and UV/Vis spectroscopies. DSSCs sensitized by the dyes BECZ1 and BECZ2 produced ${\eta}$ value 3.31% and a ${\eta}$ value 3.21%.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.12
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• pp.91-99
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• 1997

Alvar Aalto has pursued National Romanticism, cultural art movement in scandinavian peninsula, organic concepts of growth and suitability, comprehensive view of nature including a possibility of coexistance of human-being and the nature well harmonized. For instance, his design expressed local features of the nature, human emotions instead of geometical arts and mathematical principles. It is noteworthy today that he built up the identity with satrical architecture vocabularies, different from modern arch-itechtural idiology. The characte-ristics of his design related to interior architecture are collectively as follows; The first, Space discontinuity of the interior and exterior, gradual process by joints which are inclined to collage with many shapes in plan and section of the space and such joints are adjusted by sensual ways and stressed with inner collectivity in his works. The second, He pursued the architectural orderfor modern irreqularity, various changes and sensual harmonies. As result, free curved line, fan shape and irregular modeling were individually expressed by technics of natural features and national characteristics of Finland. The third, Organic synthesis. A harmony through med-ums in its space, materials and space effectiveness relations are made and expressed for mixed design especially harmonized of all the materials he planned, entire harmony with total design, itemized details, materials and furnitures in entire space. The fourth, The interest of the nature based on his sense harmonized with nature made him mainly use native materials, lumbers and red bricks masonry and showed and arranged various interior sky light and grazed in to let natural light in, harmony with garden to sensually cohere to the nature and courtyard, etcetera. His major subject are to direct architectural developments through the nature and human-being in his works. At this point, it is considered that his direction of the locality and independence as a human-being made the concepts of organic space structure possible.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.91-100
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• 2004

Natural forms could be ultimate visual expression power that affects on the industrial design. The rule of power in nature as nature formal characteristics have a direct influence and can be also applied to productional and artificial form. All organic forms and structures in nature have unique form and shape to be self controlled and good in order. Such an order in nature comes from regular and ratio principles which has aesthetical order by mathematics. The specialty of beauty in nature can be revealed not only visual form but also the ratio, balance and rhythm of structural principles. As we examine the aesthetic source, embodied some object can be developed into basic principles. Furthermore, through this study we can find out that the form theory in nature forms share the quality attribute with geometrical form to be shown in industrial product design. In this context, this study aims to make dear visual quality of organic form and structure that is immanent in nature about a form as formative principles of industrial product design, the significancy of this study is to prove the application into functional and structural form of product design.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.40
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• pp.26-33
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• 2003

Contemporary architecture has two different movements that one is the utilization of digital technology and the other is the inclination to nature. After deconstructivism in architecture, the tendency of design shows the fusion between digitalism and organicism and as a consequence the phenomena of 'skin expression' has emerged which can be thought as 'organic digitalism' or 'digital organicism'. The definition of skin tendency in environmental design is the design of nature based on the technology. As a result, the surface becomes the design issue compared to structure and the momentum for new aesthetic value. There are post-structuralism, complex system theory and the organic architecture as theoretical background for the tendency of skin expression. Specially the ideas of post-structural philosophy has effected deeply to the formation of its movement and also offered the theoretical nutrition for digital architecture. The characteristics of the skin tendency can be analyzed as topological transformation, smooth continuum, deterritorialization, ecological response system, and tactility. These design characteristics has combined with conventional material and design vocabulary to transform and develope new spatial conception.