• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 1977

Characteristics of Ham Pyong clay and clay-organic complexes were investigated by means of geological exploration, chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, electron microscopy, thermal mechanical analysis, cation exchange capacity and viscosity measurement. The results are as follows; 1) This caly is a transported clay which has black and white colors, and the amounts of deposit are estimated about 1, 600, 000M/T. 2) The major mineral phases identified by X-ray diffraction are kaolinite, sericite and halloysite and the minor phases are quartz and feldspar, these mineral phases can be seperated very easily by the elutriation method. 3) It was supposed that the black colored clay involved a certain clay-organic complexs by the mechanism of intercalation as well as surface absorption. 4) The clay-organic complexes in clay seemed to improve dispersity, to increase the fluidity of clay-water slips, to decrease the firing shrinkage and to promote the thermo-chemical reaction at temperature range up to 50$0^{\circ}C$, but not to effect on the resulted firing color.

• 약학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.111-114
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• 1973

Je-chun clay, Hwa-soon bentonite, and Hwa-soon montmorillonite were treated with treated with organic solvents, i.e., ethylene glycol, ethanol, n-hexane, dioxane, ethylene chlorohydrin and obtained X-ray diffractograms were compared with those of the original samples. Organic solvent was adsorbed on the basal plane surfaces of Je-chun clay, Hwa-soon bentonite, Hwa-soon montmorillonite and, as a result, the axis spacing ws increased, However, organic solvent did not affect the non-expanding lattice of Japanese acid clay and the basal plane remained unchanged.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2016

Soil organic carbon (SOC) retention has gradually gotten attention due to the need for mitigation of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and the simultaneous increase in crop productivity. We estimated the statistical maximum value of soil organic carbon (SOC) fixed by clay content using the Korean detailed soil map database. Clay content is a major factor determining SOC of subsoil because it influences the vertical mobility and adsorption capacity of dissolved organic matter. We selected 1,912 soil data of B and C horizons from 13 soil series, Sangju, Jigog, Jungdong, Bonryang, Anryong, Banho, Baegsan, Daegog, Yeongog, Bugog, Weongog, Gopyeong, and Bancheon, mainly distributed in Korean upland. The ranges of SOC and clay content were $0-40g\;kg^{-1}$ and 0 - 60%, respectively. Soils having more than 25% clay content had much lower SOC in subsoil than topsoil, probably due to low vertical mobility of dissolved organic carbon. The statistical analysis of SOC storage potential of upland subsoil, performed using 90%, 95%, and 99% maximum values in cumulative SOC frequency distribution in a range of clay content, revealed that these results could be applicable to soils with 1% - 25% of clay content. The 90% SOC maximum values, closest to the inflection point, at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 25% of clay contents were $7g\;kg^{-1}$, $10g\;kg^{-1}$, $12g\;kg^{-1}$, and $13g\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. We expect that the statistical analysis of SOC maximum values for different clay contents could contribute to quantifying the soil carbon sink capacity of Korean upland soils.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2003

Although clay can sorb significant amounts of inorganic contaminants from soils and wastewater, the hydration of exchangeable cations in clay minerals makes it hydrophilic at the clay mineral surfaces and interlayers. Thus, natural clays are often ineffective in complexing and stabilizing toxic organic contaminants in soils and groundwater environment. But, substituting these hydrated cations with cationic surfactant such as QAC(Quaternary ammonium Compound) can change the natural clay from hydrophilic to hydropobic. Furthermore functionalized organoclay can act as a powerful dual function sorbent for both toxic metals and organic compounds. It also can be used as landfill clay liners, slurry walls, nano-composite materials, petroleum tank farms, waste treatment, and filter systems. To use this modified clay minerals effectively, it is required to understand the fundamental chemistry of organoclay, synthetic procedures, its engineering application, bioavailability of sorbed ion-clay complex, and potential risk of organoclay. In this review, we investigate the use, application and historical background of the organoclay in remediation technology. The state-of-the-art of organoclay research is also discussed. Finally, we suggest some future implications of organoclay in environmental research.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

The effects of several factors including organic pigment blending and calending conditions on the surface and optical properties of coated paper were investigated. When clay and calcium carbonate are blended in the ratio of 7 to 3, highest smoothness and relative sediment volume were obtained. When organic pigments were added to the mixture of clay and calcium carbonate, the relative sediment volume did not changed significantly. However, when organic pigments were added to calcium carbonate, sheet gloss and smoothness were improved, and showed the better results than that obtained from the mixture of organic pigment and clay. When organic pigment is blended with clay, the particles of organic pigment are buried in the packing structure of coating layer. However, the particle shape of calcium carbonate is quite different from that of clay, and the aspect ratio of calcium carbonate is similar to that of organic pigment. Thus organic pigment particles are not buried and improved effectively the physical characteristics of coating layer. When the hollow sphere pigment was blended, opacity and sheet gloss were improved significantly. Even though the coating color applied was reduced, the similar level of opacity was maintained. Also, if particle size and void volume are increased, gloss is improved, because coating layer is easily transformed in calendering. Therefore, even though lower pressure was applied during calendering, the smoothness of surface of coating layer was improved, and the decrease of void volume in coating layer was reduced, and the quality of coated sheet can be improved.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2007

A feasibility test was conducted to evaluate the addition of turbidity substance in a coagulation process to remove natural organic matters (NOM), the precursor of disinfection by-products (DBPs). The experimental water sources were synthetic water containing 5 mg/L of humic acid and 50 mg/L of NaHCO3 and drinking water resource of Ulsan city (S Dam water, D Dam water and Nak-Dong raw water). The examined turbidity substances were kaolin, acid clay, and modified clay (0.38 meq $NH_4{^+}-N/g$ clay). In Jar tests at different concentrations of the turbidity substances (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 mg/L) using the synthetic water, the turbidity substances improved the removal of turbidity, UV-254 absorbance and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 23.8-38.1%, 17.0-24.5% and 2.5-44.5%, respectively. The modified clay showed higher removal efficiencies than other substances. In Jar tests using the drinking water, 10 and 20 mg/L of modified clay enhanced the removal efficiencies of turbidity, UV-254 absorbance, DOC, trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP), and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP) by 3.0~4.3%, 19.1~29.0%, 12~34.9%, 4.9~36.7%, and 1.6~30.2%, respectively.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.401-414
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• 2023

Organic clays are ideal habitat for flora and fauna. From a geotechnical perspective, organic clays are soft, weak, variable, heterogeneous and flocculated. Portland cement is a universally common stabiliser. However, some organic acids in soil inhibit full hydration and expose cementation products to rapid dissolution. This paper investigates scopes for use of C₃S cement to enable durable cementation. Prospects of using PP fibre alongside with C₃S cement, scopes for partial replacement of C₃S cement with a plant-based nanosilica and evolution of binders are then investigated. Binding mixtures here mimic the natural functions of rhizoliths, amorphous phases, and calcites. Testing sample population include natural and fibre-reinforced clays, compact mixes of clay - C₃S cement, clay - nanobiosilica, and clay, C₃S cement and nanobiosilica. Benefits and constraints of C₃S cement and fibres for retaining the naturally flocculated structure of organic clays are discussed. Nanobiosilica provides an opportunity to cut the C₃S content, and to transition of highly compressive organic clays into an engineered, open-structured medium with >0.5 MPa compressive strength across the strains spanning from peak to 1.5-times peak.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 저에너지, 친환경적인 방법의 지반개량을 목적으로 하는 유기산재의 지반개량재로서의 강도특성을 모색하였다. 이에 유기산재를 활용하여 재령 28일까지의 일축압축강도시험 및 삼축압축시험을 통한 흙의 강도 변화에 대해 분석하였다. 유기산 재료를 첨가한 점토의 강도는 재령이 길어질수록, 유기산재 혼합비가 커질수록 전반적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유기산계 지반개량재 혼합에 따른 점토의 강도 증진 효과를 파악하는데 있어서, 일축압축강도시험과 삼축압축시험 결과를 통해 유기산재가 지반개량재로 쓰였을 때 가져오는 강도 증대효과가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로, 실내시험을 통해 지반개량에 있어 유기산계 지반개량재의 활용가능성을 볼 수 있었다. 향후 세부적인 시험과 현장시험이 좀 더 명확한 강도증진을 규명하는데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 폴리머
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.297-301
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), 가소제인 ethylene carbonate(EC), 리튬염인 $LiClO_4$ 그리고 $Na^+-MMT/organic$ MMT를 이용하여 고분자/층상 실리카 나노복합재료(polymer/(layered silicate) nanocomposites, PLSN)를 제조하였으며, organic MMT의 첨가에 따른 고분자 매트릭스에 미치는 영향을 이온전도도를 통하여 관찰하였다. 리튬전지의 전해질로서의 응용을 위해, $Na^+$를 양이온으로 갖는 순수한 MMT($Na^+-MMT$)를 유기화한 nanoclay(organic-MMT)를 사용하였다. 그 결과, 층간 거리 및 소수성이 증가하며 이와 같은 특성은 PEO와의 나노복합체를 형성할 때 MMT의 박리 거동에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 이온전도도에서는 organic MMT가 순수한 $Na^+-MMT$보다 우수함을 나타내었으며, methyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium으로 개질된 MMT(MMT-2OA)를 첨가하였을 때 가장 높은 이온전도도를 보였다.

• 한국수처리학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2018

In order to systematically and scientifically manage the organic and heavy metals against sediment at Daecheon Port, this study conducted particle composition, organic materials and heavy metals irradiation studies of sediments. Analysis of the grain size composition of sediments in the target study area showed the distribution characteristics of the mix of sand, silt and clay. That is, Station C (Stn. C) showed superior by fine-grained sediment, Station A and B (Stn. A and B) showed superior by coarse-grained sediment. The organic matter(COD, TOC, and IL) of Stn. C was appeared to be heavily polluted more than Stn. A and B. These data for the spatial properties in sediment showed that organic matter was related positively to the sediment silt-clay content. Also, in the case of heavy metals contamination in surface sediments, Stn. C was higher than Stn. A and B. Particularly, at the Stn. C, high organic matter concentration and C/N ratio value( >10) indicated that the sediment was composed highly of land-derived organic matter. From these results, it considered that the correlation analysis among to silt-clay, organic matter and heavy metal was found to have a good interrelationship.